Degree Course: CIRCULAR ECONOMY Syllabus for A.Y. 2019/2020  

The course aims to provide the basic concepts of operational management of production in view of the principles of circularity of processes. Techniques and processes of management and optimization are dealt with in terms of maintaining the added value generated and managing environmental aspects. The course provides elements for a strategic vision of technologies and tools for evaluating possible implementation and development options in processes in economic and sustainability terms. Specifically: knowledge and understanding of the basics of technology strategies, manufacturing and industrial processes and services and Operation Management for an ecological transition and the Circular Economy, applying knowledge and understanding of different kinds of processes and scheduling. making judgments and critical analysis of the studied subjects. communication skills in presenting projects and subjects of the class. learning skills of the basic principles of the methods and techniques of the topics covered by the course.

The course aims to provide to the students the following learning outcomes:
- to present methods for the integrated use of systems and techniques to support design and manufacturing phases
- to illustrate key concepts about design for environment and circular economy
- to illustrate methods and tools to support product life cycle design.
- to face the issues related to circular design in specific application contexts

1) Knowledge and understanding (knowledge and understanding):
It will allow the acquisition of knowledge / skills to: - identify the hazards and assess the risks present in the workplace, including ergonomic risks and work-related stress; - identify the specific prevention and protection measures for the sector, including IPR, with reference to the specific nature of the risk and the work activity; - help identify suitable technical, organizational and procedural security solutions for each type of risk.
2) Knowledge and understanding skills applied (applying knowledge and understanding); possibility of applying knowledge in all work environments, with an understanding of the technical and regulatory terms of occupational safety. Furthermore, the ability to manage both training projects and technical evaluations.
3) Making judgments (making judgments); To understand if the technical and / or legislative settings have been carried out in a workmanlike manner within the company, and to be able to manage the non-conformities present both from a technical and legal point of view.
4) Communication skills (communication skills); Ability to relate also through the design of appropriate training paths.
5) Learning skills: verifying learning also through work groups on specific topics.

The aim of the course is to provide students with the tools to learn about issues related to energy sources, their impact on the environment and how to manage their planning. The course also provides students with the basic concepts, definitions and the method for performing the analysis of the life cycle of products and services, starting from the analysis of basic processes in the energy, manufacturing and agri-food industry.

Purchasing behavior is the behavior of the consumer, understood as any individual who buys products or services for personal use, motivated by a series of cultural, personal, social and psychological factors. These are studied in marketing precisely to understand what, where and why consumers buy the different products
The study of purchasing behavior aims to analyze consumer behavior both individually and collectively, that is, by investigating how groups (family, friends, associations) affect the purchasing, consumption, disposal and product search habits. or services by individuals.
This multidisciplinary research area, of great importance for the marketing sector, therefore concerns the analysis of each activity carried out before the purchase (information search, visit to the store, etc.), up to post-consumer behavior ( any interactions with the company, greater or lesser degree of brand loyalty, etc.).
It is this type of analysis that provides companies with important data on the market and on the target audience, also allowing the identification of consumption trends for the different types of customers.
One of the macro objectives is to understand what the customers' choice and evaluation of circular economy products and services is based on
• Describe how customers judge goods and services
• Analyze the elements of customer behavior: choice, consumption, evaluation
Analyze the way in which the consumer makes choices and makes decisions, in addition to the various stages that lead to the purchase of a particular product or service.
It is therefore essential to understand how Marketing affects purchasing behavior
It is necessary to take into account all the factors mentioned in order to implement marketing strategies capable of affecting the consumer and guiding his choice towards the purchase of a product. Consumer behavior therefore depends on many factors ranging from psychographic characteristics to culture, from occupation to lifestyle. However, much also depends on the company's commitment throughout the entire customer journey and on the way in which it interfaces with people in every single touch point.
In this perspective, the marketing, branding strategy and the overall communication strategy of the company can influence not only the perception that the consumer has of a brand or a product, but also that of the relative competitors and the product category in a broader sense. Obviously, there are many ways in which marketing stimuli can influence purchasing behavior. From the mere (repeated) exposure to the communication of a brand to the content marketing strategies, from the efforts to optimize the customer experience to the involvement of online users: the consumer's purchasing behavior also depends on all these elements.

The course aims to provide the basic concepts of operational management of production in view of the principles of circularity of processes. Techniques and processes of management and optimization are dealt with in terms of maintaining the added value generated and managing environmental aspects. The course provides elements for a strategic vision of technologies and tools for evaluating possible implementation and development options in processes in economic and sustainability terms. Specifically: knowledge and understanding of the basics of technology strategies, manufacturing and industrial processes and services and Operation Management for an ecological transition and the Circular Economy, applying knowledge and understanding of different kinds of processes and scheduling. making judgments and critical analysis of the studied subjects. communication skills in presenting projects and subjects of the class. learning skills of the basic principles of the methods and techniques of the topics covered by the course.

The course is divided into a general and a specific part and aims to provide expertise in international law by analyzing the structure of the international legal system and the rules governing relations among the actors of the international community.
In the general part, students will be provided with tools to interpret structural limits of international law by highlighting the importance of international relations and the evolution of international law itself.
Classes will be focused on institutional issues and specific topics concerning the sources of international law and their system, law of treaties, international responsibility, settlement of international disputes, adaptation of domestic law to international law, violations of humanitarian law, treatment of foreign natural and legal persons, collective security, the individual and international protection of human rights. In addition, a part of the course will be devoted to the Italian system of private international law and of the main European regulations.
The specific part of the course covers the study of international maritime law and aims to provide skills and notions on the law of the sea, on the Montego Bay Convention, on the conventions of international law of the sea and on the Italian legislation implementing these international rules, on territorial sea, contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone, high seas, piracy, archaeological zone, continental shelf, settlement of maritime disputes between States.

Knowledge and understanding

The course in International Law and Law of the Sea is designed to provide students with the skills and abilities to understand and interpret the structural limits of international law, highlighting the importance of international relations and the evolution of international law, as well as skills and knowledge of the law of the sea. In order to expand students’ knowledge and understanding during classes, the lecturer will also refer to specific practical cases drawn from the lecturer's high level of professional and qualified experience. Furthermore, students shall be able to carefully analyze and elaborate scientific and research contributions on the topics dealt with, also required for the final oral test, which is a further tool for the acquisition of skills and understanding. The student shall prove specific knowledge on the evolution of international and maritime law and be able to elaborate and apply ideas in the context of themes dealt with and of the reference research objectives.

Applying knowledge and understanding

The didactic approach provides for the theoretical training to be accompanied by active interaction with the lecturer aimed at proactive participation and the ability to autonomously elaborate and communicate the results of the knowledge acquired. Students who are going to delve into the topics dealt with may do so through self-study and elaboration. It will be crucial for students to re-elaborate the topics in order to enhance their mastery of the subject and their knowledge. Together with personal study, the ability to understand, argue and reflect on practical cases will be fundamental. By the end of the course, students should be able to solve problems in new areas and within the broader or interdisciplinary contexts of the international law and of the law of the sea.

Making judgments

Classes enable students to develop ability to interpret and verify data that are useful for making autonomous judgments on specific scientific and social issues related to the topics taught. In particular, knowledge of ethical-professional responsibilities and sustainable development issues related to the course topics are relevant. Students shall prove the ability to gather and integrate knowledge and to manage complexity, and to formulate judgments also through data. The course fosters development and ability to highlight relevant information and strategies in relation to the choices made and dialectics. Relevant for a deeper understanding of the subject will be the reflections on practical cases examined and testimonies provided by the lecturer on issues relating to the world of business and professions that offer students important practical ideas to independently develop their decision-making skills and judgment. They shall also acquire the ability to manage complex technical/professional activities or projects, taking responsibility for decisions in even complex work or study contexts. They shall also be able to integrate the knowledge acquired and manage all the information provided.

Communication skills

The course aims to develop students' ability to communicate clearly on the subjects studied. Students shall be able to communicate information, ideas, problems, and concrete solutions to specialists and non-specialists. The course includes lectures and activities implying interaction and participation with the lecturer on specific topics. Active participation in activities, courses, and seminars organized by the University complement students’ communication skills. Furthermore, interaction with the lecturer and with experts in the field fosters students’ ability to interact with professional figures and specialist interlocutors. In order to improve knowledge, seminars – also interdisciplinary – may be organized on specific topics, during which students have the chance to converse with different lecturers.

Learning skills

In order to allow continuous testing and improvement of students’ learning skills, importance is given to self-study. The methodological approach of teaching and the participation in internships help students to develop learning skills. Each student is offered various tools to develop the skills to undertake research on certain topics independently. Self-study offers students the opportunity to test and enhance their learning capacity. The teaching methodological rigor shall lead them to develop logical reasoning and subsequently support a thesis. Other useful tools for achieving this ability include in-depth study on topics suggested by the lecturer and internships carried out in Italy or abroad.
By the end of the course, the student will be able to
- reconstruct and analyze the fundamental events in the evolutionary process of international law and maritime law by identifying the essential features within the international legal order
- understand the competences of the European Union, in particular in relation to its roles with Member States at domestic and international level;
- understand the contents and objectives of international law and EU maritime law;
- analyze specific legal issues and explain the rules of international law and maritime law relevant to their resolution; and
- distinguish and identify the facts of specific legal problems and to identify their solution
- conduct research on the sources of international law and international maritime law and international jurisprudence;
- critically and autonomously evaluate legal and social implications with regard to regulatory solutions in international law and international maritime law;
- independently analyze the implications of legal issues and reform processes;
- employ specific and adequate language to orally debate on international issues and maritime law.

The course aims to provide to the students the following learning outcomes:
- to present methods for the integrated use of systems and techniques to support design and manufacturing phases
- to illustrate key concepts about design for environment and circular economy
- to illustrate methods and tools to support product life cycle design.
- to face the issues related to circular design in specific application contexts

The course of European environmental law aims to offer students the basic legal notions of the subject, deepening the contents of the current legislation in matters related to issues of environmental interest.