Degree Course: Biotechnology Syllabus for A.Y. 2019/2020

Percorso STANDARD

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14962 - MATEMATICA E PRINCIPI DI STATISTICA (objectives) The course of "Mathematics and principles of statistics" aims to provide students with the basic tools of mathematical analysis and statistics in order to be able to study, analyze and discuss real situations and phenomena through the use of mathematical models and statistical tools. - SECONDI Luca (syllabus) Introduction and review of basic mathematical notions. Natural numbers, sum and product of natural numbers. Neutral element and inverses. Relative numbers and rational numbers. Irrational and real numbers. Consistency and density of the real numbers. Units of measurement and conversion factors. Intervals. Operations. Scientific notation. Approximations. Equations and inequalities. Sets, inclusion relation, set representation with Eulero-Venn diagrams. Intersection, union, difference. Complement operation and cartesian product. Properties of the set operations. Functions and Properties of function. Injective, surjective, bijective functions. Real Functions of a Real Variable and their Geometrical Representation: graph, domain, codomain and image. Symmetry. Increasing and decreasing functions. Dependent and independent variables. Functional notation. Range and domain. The graph of a function. Function transformations: shifting, stretching, reflecting, sum, product and composition. Inverse functions. One-to-one and invertible functions. Determining the graph and equation of the inverse. Algebraic functions. Linear functions, quadratic functions, polynomial, power and rational functions. Transcendental functions: exponential and logarithmic functions. Introduction to trigonometric functions. Function composition. The inverse function. Limits and Continuity. Definition of limits, properties and calculating the limits. Limits of functions, continuity and asymptotes. Derivatives The Tangent to a Curve and the Derivative of a Function. Definition and calculation of derivative: algebraic and transcendental functions. The First and Second Derivatives. Left and right derivatives, higher order derivatives. Necessary condition of differentiability (with proof). Non differentiable functions.. Global and local maximum and minimum. Extreme value theorem. Differentiability and monotonicity. Differentiability and local extremes. Concavity and inflection points (with proofs). Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of inflection points (with proofs). De l’Hospital Theorem. Integration. Definite integration. Integrable and non integrable functions. Properties of the definite integral. Indefinite integration and antiderivatives. The fundamental theorem of calculus. Integration formulas. Integration by part and substitution. Linear algebra. Vectors, vector spaces, geometric representation of vectors, linear dependence and independence. Matrices and properties. Determinants. Properties of determinants. Rank of a matrix. Matrix operations. Systems of linear equations. Rouché-Capelli theorem. Cramer rule. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Statistics. Notions of descriptive statistics: variables, categories and statistical units. Frequency distribution and graphical representations. Position measures: mean, median and mode. Variability and shape of a distribution. Analysis of the association between two characters, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. Introduction to the linear regression models. Introduction to probability. Notion of event. Probability distributions. Axioms of probability. Independent events and incompatible events. Conditional probability. Bayes theorem. Random variables and probability distributions. Introduction to statistical inference and the theory of hypothesis testing. (reference books) REFERENCE TEXTS: - Bodine et al (2017) Matematica per le scienze della vita. UTET -Slides of the course and exercises made available in the student's portal.	7	MAT/05	48	8	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14965 - BIOLOGIA VEGETALE E PRINCIPI DI BIOTECNOLOGIE VEGETALI (objectives) This Course will contribute to the formation in the Biotechnology field of the student. The student will gain competences to study plants and to think and develop applications useful to humans. At the end of the Course the student will have basic competences on plant cytology, plant anatomy and physiology, useful to think for possible new applications. - TIEZZI Antonio (syllabus) Program Course structure and contents (study program): The course is divided into two parts: - Plant Biology Part (5 + 1 CFU) Plant organisms The notion of vegetable organism. Biodiversity. Plants and man: ecological, economic and social aspects The plant cell The cell wall: biosynthesis, structure, chemical composition and function. The cytoplasmic membrane: structure, chemical composition and function. The nucleus and the nucleolus. Mitochondria, microcorps, dictiosomes. The plastids. Chloroplast: structural and functional aspects. Photosynthesis. Physiological aspects of the photosynthesis process. The cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments, structural associated proteins and molecular motors. Peculiar aspects of the cell division process: the preprophasic band, the mitotic spindle, the fragmoplast. Plants: structure and function Vegetable fabrics. Primary and secondary meristematic tissues. Fundamental, supportive, integumental, absorption, secretory and conductive tissues. The root: functions of the root, primary and secondary structure, lateral and adventitious roots; water absorption and mineral salts. The transport of raw sap. The stem: stem functions, primary structure in monocotyledons and dicotyledons; vascular exchange rate, secondary structure; cork, phytogen and felloderma. The leaf: form, structure and function; epidermis, mesophyll, conducting bundles; the stoma: anatomy and stomatal mechanism. The transport of processed sap. The flower: the gynoecium and the androcean. The pollination. The fruit: development of the embryo; endosperm; fruit development. The seed: structural aspects; dissemination. Elements of plant classification. -Part of Introduction to Plant Biotechnology (3CFU) What are Biotechnologies. The old biotechnologies for food production, the hydroponic crops, plant cell cultures. The Green Revolution of the 50s-70s of the last century. Current applications of Plant Biotechnology: Plant Biotechnologies for quality improvement of foods Applications of hydroponic crops Plants transformed for environmental purposes Vaccine plants Molecular Farming The plantibodies Plants for BioMasse production Plants for the production of biofuels and bioplastics Bioactive molecules of vegetable origin for the production of drugs. Considerations: Plant Biotechnologies and their impact on the Company. Positive and negative repercussions in economic, employment, environmental and health terms. (reference books) Referral texts for Plant Biology: - Pasqua G., Abbate G., Forni C., Botanica Generale e Diversità Vegetale, Piccin Editore, Padova. - Mauseth J.D.,, II° edizione italiana, Botanica (parte generale), Idelson Gnocchi Editori, Napoli. - Rost T.L., Barbour M.G., Stocking C.R., Murphy T.M., I° edizione italiana, Biologia delle piante, Zanichelli Editore, Bologna. Referral texts for Introduction to Plant Biotecnology: - Tiezzi A., Biotecnologie Vegetali, il futuro che viene da lontano. Argomenti per una riflessione”. Casa Editrice Aracne, Roma, 2011. - Tiezzi A. Dispensa "La Scienza ci dice....", 2017. The teacher makes available all the slides shown during the course.	9	BIO/01	64	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
16173 - Biologia animale (objectives) The main aim of the course is to provide all the basics for understanding the correlation between morphology, anatomy and function of organs and systems in invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. The main knowledge to be acquired will concern: - basic elements of taxonomy and classification; elements of population genetics - evolutionary theories - the main adaptations of animals in relation to the living environment - the systematics of the most important animal phyla. The main skills (i.e. the ability to use the acquired knowledge) will be: 1) the use of the optical microscope for the systematic classification of the main invertebrate groups, as well as the systematic evaluation of whole animal preparations under formaldehyde and the anatomical reconstruction of animals through plastic models; 2) Link the differences of the anatomo-physiological organization of animals to the different ecological niches they occupy. EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS In the evaluation of the student, the level of knowledge of the topics covered, the ability to analyze and to apply the acquired knowledge as well as the autonomy of judgment will be taken into account. The capacity for synthesis, mastery of expression and communication and the ability to make connections within the discipline or interdisciplinary will be also considered. - FOCHETTI Romolo (syllabus) The kingdoms of the living. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The animal cell: PLASMA MEMBRANE: structure and functions. ENDOMEMBRANE system: Rough endoplasmic reticule and ribosomes: Role in protein synthesis and maturation. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus. Endocytosis and exocytosis. Lysosomes. Basics of METABOLISM. Glycolysis. Aerobic metabolism: Mitochondria, peroxisomes. CYTOSCHELETER and cell motility: Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments. MEMBRANE JUNCTIONS: structural and functional correlation with the cytoskeleton. NUCLEUS (eukaryotic cells): Nuclear envelope, nuclear lamina, nuclear pores, chromatin, nucleus. CELL REPRODUCTION: Mitosis, Meiosis (1CFU) - The genetic basis of variability: mutation, recombination, selection; -Micro and macroevolution. Origin and evolution of species: speciation and speciation mechanisms; - history of evolutionary theories - formal genetics: Mendel's laws; - population genetics: the gene pool, the Hardy-Weinberg theory, natural and experimental distribution and modification of genetic variability, - structure and function of the animal body. The organism: asexual and sexual reproduction, spermatogenesis, oogenesis and fertilization, respiration, circulation, excretion and osmotic regulation, digestion, movement, nervous system and sense organs, embryonic development, direct and indirect development, metamorphosis. - interpretation of animal genomes; physiological adaptation mechanisms of the species in relation to the chemical-physical variables; animal behavior in relation to reproduction and environmental variables. (3CFU) - Main animal phyla (general characteristics): Protists. Porifera. Coelenterates. Platyhelminthes. Nematodes. Rotifers. Annelids. Molluscs. Arthropods. Echinoderms. Chordates. (4 CFU) (reference books) - Solomon E.P., Berg L. R., Martin D.W. BIOLOGIA. (settima ediz.) Edises -Russell P.J., Wolfe S.L., Hertz P.E., Starr C., McMillan B. BIOLOGIA (2010) Edises -D. SADAVA, H. C. HELLER, G. H ORIANS, W. K PURVES, D. M. HILLIS. Biologia. Quarta edizione italiana. 2015 (event. anche solo voll. 2, 3, 5, 6) - Raven P.H., Johnson G.B. Biologia. Piccin ed., 2012 (anche singoli volumi). - Fondamenti di Zoologia. Hickman et al. MC Graw & Hill - Diversità animale. Hickman et al. Mc Graw & Hill	8	BIO/05	64	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14963 - CHIMICA GENERALE E INORGANICA (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide the basic principles for the study of the atomic structure of matter, the conditions of formation of chemical bonds, reactivity, chemical equilibrium and properties of the main elements. Knowledge of these concepts is fundamental to undertake the study of the chemical materials characterizing the degree course. At the end of the course the student will have to show: A) to know the fundamental principles of General and Inorganic Chemistry: the structure of the atom, the properties of the elements and their ability to form compounds, molecular structures, chemical reactions, exchanges of energy, the states of the matter, the chemical kinetics, the equilibria in solution, the acid-base properties, the electrochemistry, the chemistry of the elements of the main groups B) have acquired application skills with reference to the balancing of reactions, stoichiometric calculations and solving acid-base problems, solubility product and electrochemistry C) being able to independently evaluate and resolve problems concerning course contents D) have developed a good oral and written exposition capacity of the acquired concepts E) be able to deepen the topics in different contexts and independently. - GRANDINETTI Felice (syllabus) Introductory concepts. States of aggregation of the matter. Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Chemical substances and elements. Atomic theory of matter. Atomic properties: mass and dimensions. Scale of atomic weights. Avogadro's number, concept of mole. Chemical symbols and their quantitative meaning. Structure of the atom: Bohr model. Uncertainty principle. Wave nature of the electron. Schrodinger equation. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. Electronic configuration of the elements. Aufbau rules. The periodic system of the elements. Periodic properties. The chemical bond: ionic, covalent and coordination bond. Properties of the link: order, distance and energy. Electronegativity and dipole moment. Chemical bond theory: hybrid orbitals, resonance and mesomery. Magnetic properties of molecules. Intermolecular bonds. Hydrogen bond. Chemical formulas. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds. Oxidation number. Structure of molecules and typical ions. The gaseous state: Gas laws. Equation of state for ideal gases. Real gases (outline). The solid state: crystal structures and their symmetries. Molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids. Chemical thermodynamics: Heat and work. First law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy and Hess's law. Entropy. Second law of thermodynamics. Free energy. Third principle of thermodynamics. Chemical equilibrium: criteria of spontaneity and balance in chemical reactions. Law of mass action and its derivation. Isoterma and isocora of van't Hoff. Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Solutions: Concentration and its units of measurement. Colligative properties of ideal solutions. Acid-base equilibria: General definitions. Strength of acids and bases. Structure and acid-base properties. Autoionization of water. The pH. Calculation of the pH of solutions of acids, bases and salts. Buffer solutions. Acid-base titrations and titration curves. Solubility equilibria: Solubility and factors that influence it. Solubility product. Common ion effect. Chemical kinetics: reaction rate. Arrhenius equation. Activation energy. Catalysis. Elements of inorganic chemistry: Inorganic compounds of biological and environmental interest: oxygen and ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, fluorine and chlorine compounds. The course includes the performance of stoichiometric calculations related to the theoretical topics listed above. (reference books) 1) M. Casarin, L. Casella, R. d'Agostino, A. Filippi, F. Grandinetti, R. Purrello, N. Re, M. Speranza, General and Inorganic Chemistry, Edi-Ermes, Milan. 2) F. Cacace, M. Schiavello, Stoichiometry, Bulzoni 3) Lecture notes from the material used during the lessons 4) Collection of exam exercises	8	CHIM/03	56	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
15038 - IDONEITA' LINGUA INGLESE (objectives) "BIOTECHNOLOGY- Level B1 DIBAF" 2021-22 To develop linguistic competencies at level B1, as described by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), and listed below: UNDERSTANDING: - LISTENING: I can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. I can understand the main point of many radio or TV programmes on current affairs or topics of personal or professional interest when the delivery is relatively slow and clear. - READING: I can understand texts that consist mainly of high-frequency everyday or job-related language. I can understand the description of events, feelings and wishes in personal letters SPEAKING: - SPOKEN INTERACTION: I can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. I can enter unprepared into conversation on topics that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life (e.g. family, hobbies, work, travel and current events). - SPOKEN PRODUCTION: I can connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and events, my dreams, hopes and ambitions. I can briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. I can narrate a story or relate the plot of a book or film and describe my reactions. WRITING: - WRITTEN PRODUCTION: I can write Straightforward connected text on topics, which are familiar, or of personal interest. - RAPETTI Valentina (syllabus) GRAMMAR: - present simple and continuous, action and non-action verbs - future forms: present continuous, be going to, will, won't - present perfect and past simple - present perfect + for/since - present perfect continuous - choosing between comparatives and superlatives - articles: a/an, the, no article - obligation and prohibition: have to, must, should - ability and possibility: can, could, be able to - past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect - past and present habits and states VOCABULARY: - food and cooking - family, adjectives of personality - money - strong adjectives: exhausted, amazed, etc. - transport - collocations: verbs/adjectives + prepositions - phone language - -ed/-ing adjectoves - sport - relationships (reference books) Christina Latham-Koenig, Clive Oxenden, English File. DIGITAL GOLD B1-B1+ 4th Edition: SB&WB C/C + Entry Checker + OLB eBK code + SRC ISBN: 9780194035606. ATTENTION!!! There are multiple editions of this book. Please buy the one with the following ISBN code: 9780194035606.	6	L-LIN/12	32	16	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA
15613 - DIRITTO EUROPEO DELLE BIOTECNOLOGIE - RAGIONIERI Maria Pia	6	IUS/14	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18424 - Fisica (objectives) corso introduttivo di fisica generale - Derived from 18288 Elementi di fisica generale in CONSERVAZIONE E RESTAURO DEI BENI CULTURALI (LMR/02 abilitante ai sensi del D.Lgs n.42/2004) LMR/02 0 CIOLFI Marco (syllabus) Cinematica unidimensionale: spazio, tempo, distanza, durata, moto rettilineo uniforme [FIS-01], moto uniformemente accelerato [FIS-02, FIS-03], moto circolare uniforme [FIS-12]. Vettori: algebra, prodotto scalare, prodotto vettoriale [FIS-04, FIS-05, FIS-12, MAT-4]. Cinematica multidimensionale: composizione e scomposizione del moto [FIS-05, FIS-06]. Dinamica: forza, quantità di moto, lavoro, energia cinetica [FIS-06, FIS-07], energia potenziale, forze centrali [FIS-08, FIS-09]. Oscillatore armonico [[FIS-07], introduzione allo spazio delle fasi [MAT-6]. Urti elastici e anelastici in una dimensione [FIS-10] Campi: campi centrali, campi conservativi, potenziale ed energia potenziale [FIS-11, MAT-5]. Principi di conservazione: quantità di moto, energia, momento angolare [FIS-12] Siatemi complessi: random walk, libero cammino medio, strutture frattali [FIS-13-A]. Elementi di termodinamica: trasmissione del calore, conservazione dell’energia, entropia e secondo principio, fluttuazioni dell’entropia [FIS-13-B], stati di aggregazione della materia e transizioni di fase. Elettrostatica: carica, forza di Coulomb, campo elettrico, potenziale elettrico, campo costante, dipolo elettrico, modello atomico di Bohr [FIS-14]. Conduzione elettrica: isolanti e conduttori, polarizzazione dei dielettrici, leggi di Ohm, circuiti elettrici e strumenti di misura digitali [FIS-15]. Campo magnetico: campo terrestre, dipolo magnetico, linee del campo magnetico, forza di Lorentz, moto circolare di una carica [FIS-16, MAT-5]. Elettrodinamica: moto delle cariche, equazioni di Maxwell, densità di energia e di momento, polarizzazione [FIS=17], onde elettromagnetiche, propagazione, polarizzazione, velocità della luce [FIS-18]. Fisica moderna: meccanica quantistica (cenni storici), principio di indeterminazione e dualità onda/particella [FIS-20], campi e particelle fondamentali, modello standard, origine dello stato attuale della materia [FIS-20]. Luce: ottica fisica, interazione luce-materia, riflessione, rifrazione, dispersione [FIS-19, FIS-21], interferenza e diffrazione, principio di Huygens-Fresnel [FIS-22], ottica geometrica, approssimazione del raggio di luce, equazione delle lenti sottili [FIS-23], sistemi ottici complessi: punti nodali, microscopio e telescopio [FIS-23]. Esercitazioni supplementari [ES-1, ES-2, ES-3, ES-4, ES-5] Elementi di matematica, non oggetto d’esame: Proporzionalità diretta e inversa, dipendenza funzionale, grafici [MAT-1] Funzioni goniometriche e trigonometria [MAT-2] Studio delle funzioni [MAT-3] Strumenti dell’analisi matematica [MAT-4] Analisi vettoriale [MAT-5] Spazio delle fasi, complementi per l’oscillatore armonico [MAT-6] Statistica [MAT-7] url delle reistrazioni: FIS-01 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nTWXAXoQvCpTsZggvUn5zdQVJDUM6V3c/view?usp=sharing FIS-02 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1boXL9eDNv2cTH6pQJNNLAPYCND2FcPH2/view?usp=sharing FIS-03 https://drive.google.com/file/d/17TT2XlTMrvXBVJV6A-2DdKsyyVIa7Zgy/view?usp=sharing FIS-04 https://drive.google.com/file/d/152bOw-NVEmLpCGRek5DNN3PjIRh5B0of/view?usp=sharing FIS-05 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZiO1PLkSPAlrY0DI1H_a1KJY7v7IpTi8/view?usp=sharing FIS-06 https://drive.google.com/file/d/12I25xRjqrY0Sc1TVqvfTlrFc7I-CREW8/view?usp=sharing FIS-07-A https://drive.google.com/file/d/1reu06fX_3fRMeGL5lI6UaUKyXGomIDvq/view?usp=sharing FIS-07-B https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X1TrwQQpajEjSUutNiSvRtAItu2yt8RM/view?usp=sharing FIS-08 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tcg-AKJ5kST1uIIZTgyB9gQWcWXuURN5/view?usp=sharing FIS-09 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bA7KjrYFnl8q8YxHKwSBmSbaF9okz87x/view?usp=sharing FIS-09-UltimaTavola https://drive.google.com/file/d/10Ew6WC7OujUU68BKofei5i3WXhzELUTq/view?usp=sharing FIS-10 https://drive.google.com/file/d/10wy1Lb48Rm62oVABWKAFAKvyCP5mEmqe/view?usp=sharing FIS-11 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JcBhn9G8WSLw8S3W2xCepC91EaSYlnqa/view?usp=sharing FIS-12 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zMsTNFEO7UOdxxyS3RQeVI-JFxL0bkD-/view?usp=sharing FIS-13-A https://drive.google.com/file/d/143ediu7f2KlwqyfSeKPu3ITpp-bNhZa9/view?usp=sharing FIS-13-B https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e8MRykx8eauB5u_QqUDlXpzyD6yxu3mv/view?usp=sharing FIS-14 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TISOrOZLeB-OY_Or7JQ5cPSYB7r4MoDO/view?usp=sharing FIS-15 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VP5WYHvIF8xYo3-0OosoC77HxxOOrRbd/view?usp=sharing FIS-16-A https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ah5wddQTp_bJmwLLoWuIv01a7VPZZOL1/view?usp=sharing FIS-16-B https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LJ1NyOlXr7XlH8VqZXh53IjM_GB2v3Fd/view?usp=sharing FIS-17-A https://drive.google.com/file/d/10Kid5-aR4ewGPIkth3nf_Yz4N24bSiD1/view?usp=sharing FIS-17-B https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UpaoR0Lx737hLY-vogWhLgfBLK1vL1ei/view?usp=sharing FIS-17-C https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FYEIvUqmv0tpfvBVkFACoc94y3fNqJbQ/view?usp=sharing FIS-18 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WMJtJP4wUeKbtsB0V4XopUT07wqVrF6F/view?usp=sharing FIS-19-A https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rEEMeTI-cGheq0d-yEJUz3xoP1baIVwi/view?usp=sharing FIS-19-B https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tM83kE5QyFAWfiSZyJ6n_nJOJgTa3kQt/view?usp=sharing FIS-20-A https://drive.google.com/file/d/1naJgjc1HsaJg_Q2sXI1ZKlBWoSeCe1kk/view?usp=sharing PDF https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YV4hn0PQVru-gdvmScS71F0pYmuNKSkm/view?usp=sharing PDFbis https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iOwUARwHzVUQgUbKbwDwmFEw358Bbw48/view?usp=sharing PDFter https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kXxkgBftqnL0yQ8S7nfYwgDURZ-lTjX1/view?usp=sharing FIS-20-B https://drive.google.com/file/d/1v-CQh77y2yOv-esdtNsLIAzxNuUQKdtr/view?usp=sharing PDF https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XOdHU6P5n9ICucPk5cz63yFHo2YkDiIJ/view?usp=sharing FIS-21 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UpiVj9msbLQTst4uXo_0irAnXttrZmaE/view?usp=sharing FIS-22 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uKsnB-XoZ80M3zBJhnf_W6Loi3rYG9X9/view?usp=sharing FIS-23 https://drive.google.com/file/d/104_iuhg-6CvoPWD4bn3FWUM0eMjCdjq_/view?usp=sharing MAT-1 https://drive.google.com/file/d/17u9hu0Bhex2uzP6toQHdKcf0x2CP-8zK/view?usp=sharing MAT-2 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1opsH-31xMDs8AVk84JAzXMs0sJ3N_Xj-/view?usp=sharing MAT-3 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_-jVknpjZjB7uyKhAZh_VDPn5wmWJkm0/view?usp=sharing MAT-4 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iuh9mr18OFoO38wNvGBzm6TxW2oujBPb/view?usp=sharing MAT-5 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N4lKhRqS255HGLMEudx5kyAJe5K6owtW/view?usp=sharing MAT-6 https://drive.google.com/file/d/16ei4oeLZmdW_aEf6eODe7jKRgRwBA-ZH/view?usp=sharing MAT-7-A https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sKfQV1lgyW7_txAv4umThCd5IiSn3z7j/view?usp=sharing MAT-7-B https://drive.google.com/file/d/13CnacpFb5pBfNs4maPb2goh0CesdpPKH/view?usp=sharing ES-1 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QSXOLdKNhV4SiNdz63DR3STXKj-qW_GR/view?usp=sharing ES-2 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-wxxj8YjfY7NuJ3iepRnsUj7mB8FTTHx/view?usp=sharing ES-3 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RZn1IrcLN4QrrhqPPq1u41jGTbj7pZTb/view?usp=sharing ES-4 audio https://drive.google.com/file/d/10kHa2cCSv1FFYMYNrFJf9b5xqeNnGWoG/view?usp=sharing ES-4 pdf https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zO213dT-yBsq-VPdFfyq_YKFZCFMR5AC/view?usp=sharing ES-5 https://drive.google.com/file/d/12JRAighRs7elJWkGuKngOpYSgt_KmSPB/view?usp=sharing (reference books) Young & Freedman, Principi di fisica, vol. 1 e 2, Pearson [testo in italiano] - in alternativa Young & Freedman, University Physics with Modern Physics - Global Edition, Pearson [testo in inglese] Serway & Jewett - Principi di fisica - EdiSES Giancoli Fisica - Edizione con Fisica Moderna, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana Kane, Fisica Applicata, Edizione Mediche Scientifiche Internazionali.	7	FIS/07	48	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
15790 - Tirocinio	8		-	-	-	-	Other activities		ITA

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
13719 - CHIMICA ORGANICA (objectives) The course introduces the concepts and the experimental approaches of organic chemistry, working on the consolidation of principles acquired in the field of physics and general and inorganic chemistry to advance the knowledge of carbon chemistry. In the first part of the course, the cultural and practical bases for understanding the structure of organic molecules will be provided, paying particular attention to the existing relationships between the chemical structure and the chemical-physical and biological properties associated with them. The different physical hybridization states of the carbon will allow the three-dimensional vision of the molecules, facilitating the understanding of their role in the cell. The second part of the course is dedicated to the application of properties in the context of chemical reactivity. The student will have the opportunity to have answers to some of the key questions in his study: why do molecules react? What are the experimental factors that control the kinetics of the reactions? When is a reaction under thermodynamic control rather than kinetic? How is it possible to synthesize complex molecules from simple reagents? What is the impact of organic chemistry on the environment and how can it be reduced? This knowledge will allow the student to undertake subsequent study courses with strong structural and molecular expertise. B) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS Knowledge of the principles governing the formation of the chemical bond, using traditional theories (valence bond theory) and advanced theories (theory of molecular orbital and quantum mechanics ). Knowledge of nomenclature and classification (theory of functional groups) of organic molecules, with particular attention to the association between the family of organic molecules and biological and chemical-physical properties. Knowledge of the reactivity of organic molecules and experimental parameters capable of controlling thermodynamics and kinetics of organic transformations. Knowledge of the relationship between organic molecules and the origin of life. In addition to the knowledge gained through the study of organic chemistry, students will be able to apply the acquired concepts for the resolution of practical exercises related to the identification and classification of substances based on Their activity on the body, the effect of chirality on pharmacological activity, the possibility of separating organic isomers and the general methodologies for their analysis and their recognition. Making judgments: The course offers links to other disciplines (Physics, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Computational Chemistry and Genetics) by providing an integrated knowledge. The student's critical judgment will be stimulated by constantly referring to the reading of recent studies published in scientific journals, questioning the current issues related to some of the core concepts of the discipline. Thanks to the multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary nature of organic chemistry, it will be also possible to link the acquired concepts to other disciplines, allowing the student to form his own autonomy of judgment about the effectiveness of an integrated scientific approach. Communication skills: At the end of each part of the course, the students will be invited to form working groups to develop solutions and compete with others in solving practical exercises. The educational gain is aimed at increasing the communication skills and the ability to know how to work in a group, all aimed at consolidating the acquired concepts. Learning Skills: Students' learning abilities will be evaluated during the course of the course by exonerary tests that will allow you to individually monitor the maturation state of the knowledge, highlighting the student's ability to return. - BOTTA Lorenzo (syllabus) Alkanes and cycloalkanes. Introduction. Structure. Hybridization sp3. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Structural isomerism. Conformational analysis (ethane, cyclohexane). Stability of cycloalkanes (angular tension, torsional tension, steric tension). Cyclohexane derivatives (cis-trans stereoisomerism). Bicyclic and polycyclic alkanes. Natural role and applications of alkanes. Alkenes. Introduction. Structure. Hybridization sp2. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Stability (hydrogenation heat, combustion heat). Nomenclature system (E) - (Z) for alkenes. Cycloalkenes. Biological function. Alkynes. Introduction. Structure. Hybridization sp. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Functional groups and classes of organic compounds. Alkyl halides. Alcohols. Ethers. Amines. Aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids. Esters and amides. Introduction. Structure. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Stereochemistry. Introduction. Carbon chirality. Enantiomers and chiral molecules. Graphic representation. Nomenclature (R) (S). Optical activity (specific rotary power, racemic definition, optical purity). Diastereoisomers (meso compounds). Aromatic compounds. Introduction. Benzene. Structure and stability. Huckel's rule. Other aromatic compounds. Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Induction and resonance phenomena. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Aromatic compounds in biochemistry. Carbohydrates. Classification. Monosaccharides. Mutarotation and formation of glucosides. Configuration D or L. Disaccharides. Polysaccharides. Protein. Structure of the aminoacids. Nomenclature. Peptide bond. Oligopeptides. Nucleic acids. Purine and pyrimidine nucleic bases. Nucleoside. Nucleotides. Oligonucleotides. Lipids. Module B. REACTIVITY Alkane and cycloalkane reactions. Chlorination of methane. Free radicals. Stability and structure. Thermodynamics and kinetics. Halogenation of higher alkanes. Nucleophilic substitution reactions. SN2 reaction. SN1 reaction. Mechanisms and stereochemical trends. Effects of the solvent and the leaving group. Elimination reactions. Reaction E1. Reaction E2. Competition between replacement and elimination. Reactions of aromatic compounds. Electrophilic aromatic substitution. Mechanism. Benzene halogenation. Effect of substituents. (reference books) Chimica organica essenziale. Author B. Botta. Eds. Edi-Ermes	7	CHIM/06	48	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
15607 - Microbiologia e principi di microbiologia industriale (objectives) A) OBJECTIVES To provide students with basic knowledge of the world of microorganisms (prokaryotes, in particular) such as structure and function (cytology and physiology) and genetics of the procariate cell, development and consequent growth of populations. In addition, the student will have to gain a general view of the impact of microorganisms in nature (biogeochemical cycles, for example) and their potential applications at industrial and environmental level. There will also be some basic knowledge of virology. It is also the purpose of the course to make students feel confident with some basic techniques of the Microbiology Lab. B) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS 1) Knowledge and understanding Teaching will help to gain knowledge and ability to understand and describe basic biological structures and processes in microbiology. It also aims to acquire theoretical and experimental knowledge of microbiology in terms of cellular, morphological, biochemical, physiological and genetic aspects. All this information will allow the student to understand basic elements of both microbiology and those interdisciplinary. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding The student will be able to translate practical theoretical knowledge and arguing issues in the field of general microbiology and above all industrial and environmental. Through lab activities, students will acquire the ability to apply theoretical knowledge on a practical basis by implementing basic techniques typical of the microbiology laboratory. 3) Making judgments The student will have the ability to interpret autonomously both basic and applied knowledge of microbiology. This ability will be captured, in particular, thanks to the frequency of practical activities and classroom and laboratory exercises. 4) Communication skills The student who attends the teaching will be able to present, critically, the knowledge related to the general and applied microbiology, with the help of appropriate audiovisual techniques. This ability will also be achieved through the extensive use of power point presentations in the classroom and the dialogue and exchange of views between the students and the teacher both during the front lessons and during the lab activities. 5) Learning skills Students will understand and acquire methods of investigation and work in the microbiological field. They will therefore be able to deepen their knowledge and skills independently. This skill will be developed through the active involvement of students through oral class discussions on specific subjects of teaching and laboratory activities - PETRUCCIOLI Maurizio (syllabus) The course will take place according to the following breakdown: 1. History of Microbiology (notes): the discovery of the world of micro-organisms and the controversy over spontaneous generation; microorganisms as agents of disease and their role in the transformation of organic matter. 2. Technical basis of microbiological laboratory: the microscope, notes of optical physics; fresh and colorful slides; electron microscopy (transmission and scanning); pure culture and its achievement; general principles of microbial nutrition; preparation culture media, theory and practice of sterilization; controls sterility. 3. Cytology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell: general introduction; structure and ultrastructure of the bacterial cell; structure and function of the membrane; transport systems across membrane; cell wall and its chemical composition and characteristics; the wall of Gram + and Gram -; cell wall of archaebacteria and eukaryotes; capsule and the associated virulence; cell movement and structure for movement; chemotaxis, bacterial endospore, structure, function and importance; overview of spores of eukaryotes and the alternation of generation; mitochondria and respiratory function; overview of the arrangement of DNA and cell division. 4. Cell physiology: brief review of cellular chemistry and biochemistry (activation energy, catalysis and enzymes, biological redox reactions, hydrogen and electron transport; phosphate molecules with energy bonds); production of energy in biological systems; glycolysis and similar ways; re-oxidation of NADH: fermentation and respiration; alcoholic and lactic fermentations, aerobic respiration, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport system; energy balance of catabolism; notes on anaerobic respiration, biosynthesis of cellular material. 5. Microbial growth of a single cell and a microbial population; measure of growth and related curve; catabolic repression and diauxia; effect of cultivation conditions on microbial growth. 6. Principles of molecular genetics and bacterial genetics: references to the structure of DNA; action of restriction enzymes; DNA replication; genetic elements; rearrangement of genes; transposons; transcription process; structure and function of mRNA and tRNA; translation process and protein synthesis; the genetic code; mutagens and mutations; recombination in bacteria; transformation, transduction and conjugation; plasmids and their biological significance. 7. Virology: the nature of the viral particle; viral count; general characteristics of viral reproduction; principles of genetics of viruses; bacteriophage RNA; icosahedral single-stranded DNA bacteriophages; double-stranded DNA viruses; the temperate bacterial viruses and lysogeny;, the main families of animal viruses (notes). 8. Microbial ecology: references to traditional techniques for isolation and identification of microorganisms; interactions between microbial populations and with other organisms; microbial communities and ecosystems, the main biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, iron, etc.); role of microorganisms on environmental decontamination; aerobic and anaerobic catabolism of organic contaminants and wastewaters treatment; 9. Microbial biotechnology: microorganisms of industrial interest; screening from natural environments and collections, the bioreactors, geometry and applications; scale-up process; primary and secondary metabolites; notes on production of antibiotics, enzymes, aminoacids and on immobilization techniques. The laboratory practices cover the following topics: 1. The pure culture and its isolation: spreading and crawling, the re-isolation; the enrichment cultures; 2. Microscopy and microscopic observation; observations of fresh samples; simple and differential staining and observations of stained preparations; 3. Cultivation of microorganisms and measurement of microbial growth (direct and cultural counts, dry weight, turbidimetry). (reference books) Suggested texts to choose from: - Brock, Biologia dei microrganismi - Microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale 14/E - di Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, David A. Stahl, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley - Pearson, 2015. - Biologia dei microrganismi di G. Dehò e E. Galli, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, nuova edizione (3^ edizione), 2018. - Microbiologia di D.R. Wessner, D. Dupont e T.C. Charles, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2015. - Brock, Biologia dei Microrganismi di M.T. Madigan e J.M. Martinko, D.A. Stahl, D.P. Clark, Pearson, 2012. Volumi 1 e 2. - Brock, Biologia dei Microrganismi di M.T. Madigan e J.M. Martinko, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Volumi 1 e 2A. - Biologia dei microrgaismi di G. Dehò e E. Galli, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2012.	9	BIO/19	64	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17532 - Genetica e principi di ingegneria genetica - NATONI Alessandro	9	BIO/18	64	8	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15611 - STRUMENTI BIOINFORMATICI PER LA GENOMICA (objectives) Knowledge of the bioinformatics tools most used for the study of the genome. Access to biological databases, knowledge of DNA sequencing techniques, use of codes for aligning and assembling DNA sequences, study of gene expression from the analysis of RNAseq data - Chillemi Giovanni (syllabus) The complexity of genomes. Nucleic acid high throughput investigation techniques. Algorithms and software for assembling DNA sequences. Databases of biological interest. Bioinformatic methods for quality control of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) reads. Database query principles. RNA-seq analysis. Alignment algorithms. Manipulation of nucleic acid sequences and DB queries in Python (reference books) Teaching materials: slide and video on moodle Optional text: "Fondamenti di bioinformatica" di Manuela Helmer Citterich, Fabrizio Ferrè, Giulio Pavesi, Graziano Pesole, Chiara Romualdi".	6	AGR/17	40	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18427 - Fisiologia (objectives) a) FORMATIVE OBJECTIVES Understanding the basic elements of the body and in particular be able to describe: the fundamental principles of cellular physiology and electrophysiology; the elemental interactions of cells; the organization and general functionality of the nervous system; the mechanisms of sensory transduction and muscle contractility; the key vegetative systems supporting body homeostasis. b) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS (Dublin Descriptors) KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY: To pass the exam, the student will have to demonstrate that she/he has gained a knowledge and ability to understand the issues related to the functioning of the body and nervous or non excitable cells that will allow her/him to set the discussion of theoretical issues in logical and complete way. CAPACITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: The student will have to demonstrate how to set up applicative problems in the field of general and integrative Physiology. AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT: The student must have acquired such knowledge as to enable her/him to describe the mechanisms underlying the cell and body functions and to independently and reasonably evaluate possible different opinions on possible issues. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: At the end of the course, the student must have reached an appropriate organization of one's own thinking concerning the various subjects of the course, allowing her/him to expose the topics in an organic and appropriate scientific language. LEARNING CAPACITIES: The student must be able to examine and understand texts and scientific material, so that they can be used in daily contexts for the profession and for the research. - CERVIA Davide (syllabus) Cell physiology: cell membrane and transports, active and passive electrical properties, synaptic transmission and signal conduction, cellular communication. General organization of the nervous system, cell types. Sensory function: somatosensory, visual, auditory, vestibular, taste, olfactory system. Skeletal muscle physiology. Physiology of the heart and circulatory system. Physiology of the respiratory system. Physiology of the renal system. Endocrine regulation. (reference books) - “Fisiologia, dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati”, Carbone, Cicirata, Aicardi (EdiSES) - “Fisiologia Umana”, Stuart Ira Fox (PICCIN) - “Fisiologia Umana, Fondamenti”, various Authors (Edi-Ermes) - however, other general Physiology texts can also be used as long as they are updated - “slides” of the lessons made available by the teacher in the website (as valuable tools describing the program)	8	BIO/09	56	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18428 - Chimica biologica (objectives) The course will be focused on the relation between structure and function of different biomolecules (amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) and on their behaviour in an aqueous environment. Moreover, the fundamental aspects of the enzyme kinetic and the cellular metabolism will be discussed. - BUONOCORE Francesco (syllabus) PROTEINS, ENZYMES and COENZYMES Chemistry of living tissues. Role and properties of water in biological processes. Hydrogen bond and other secondary interactions. The weak interactions and their role in biomolecules. Ionization of protein amino acids, proteins and nucleotides. Buffers and their use in pratical biochemistry. -forming amino acids: structure and properties. Peptide bond: formation and geometry; structural organizations of proteins (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures). Protein functions. Examples of structure/function relationships in globular (i.e: myoglobin and hemoglobin), fibrous (i.e: collagen, alfa- and beta-keratins) and membrane proteins. Role and classification of enzymes. Vitamins and coenzymes. Enzyme kinetics and thermodynamics; Michaelis-Menten equation; significance and determination of kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, Turnover Number). Enzyme regulation: basic principles. Structure and function of nucleotides. METABOLISM General aspects of metabolism: eso- and endoergonic reactions; high energy compounds; coupled reactions; catabolic and anabolic patways. Carbohydrates. Structure and general properties of the principal carbohydrates. The glycolytic pathway. Pyruvate fermentation. Fate of pyruvate under aerobic conditions. The phosphogluconate pathway. Gluconeogenesis. Degradative metabolism of disaccharides and polysaccharides (starch and glicogen). Glicogen biosynthesis. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Lipids. Chemistry and metabolism of simple and complex lipids. Structure and properties of: fatty acids; triacyl-glicerols; membrane lipids. Catabolism of triacyl-glicerols: lipases and beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Metabolism of propionate and formation of ketone bodies. Proteins. Protein degradation and protein turnover. Ubiquitin and proteasome complex. Proteolytic enzymes and protein digestion. Fate of amino acid alfa-amino groups and urea cycle. General aspects of amino acid catabolism; fate of aminoacid carbon atoms. The generation of energy in the central metabolism: citric acid cycle, mitochondrial electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. (reference books) VOET, VOET, PRATT: Fundamentals of Biochemistry NELSON, COX: Lehninger principles of biochemistry	8	BIO/10	56	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18429 - Biologia molecolare (objectives) Formative objectives (in terms of expected learning outcomes) At the end of the course, the student possesses adequate knowledge of the fundamental principles and basic mechanisms of molecular biology. In particular, the student is able to understand and discuss the structure of nucleic acids, genome and chromatin; the molecular mechanisms of replication, transcription, gene regulation and protein synthesis. Finally, he knows the principles underlying the main molecular biology techniques such as DNA cloning, PCR and DNA sequencing for practical applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, industrial and plant domains. - FICCA Anna Grazia (syllabus) Program Historical aspects : from the discovery of DNA to the genetic code and structure of nucleic acids. a) Structure of DNA and RNA: nucleotides, conformations of helices A, B , C , denaturation and renaturation of the double helix. b) Organization of DNA supercoiling , the histone proteins and the levels of organization of chromatin : nucleosome . Analysis of chromatin by enzymatic digestion with nuclease . c) DNA replication : replicon model , identification of the origin of replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes : structural and functional characteristics of the proteins involved in the process of replication, Okazaki fragments , the primers , the DNA polymerase I -II-III . Transcription . a) The Control of Transcription in prokaryotes . Structure of ”Operon” . Operator Sites and Promoters ( strong and weak promoters ). RNA polymerase and sigma factors . b ) Repressors and activators : the Lac operon and the operon araBAD c) The attenuation : the Trp operon . d)Control of gene expression in bacteriophage lambda e) The RNA polymerase in eukaryotes : structure, promoters, initiation, elongation and termination. d) The eukaryotic mRNA : capping, the tails of poly ( A), mRNA splicing . Translation a) The genetic code b) Transfer RNA : structure, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases , proofreading and correction, the pairing oscillating , the suppressor mutation no sense . c) Ribosomes : composition, structure , antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis. d ) Beginning the translation: GTP , the Shine- Dalgarno sequence , the initiation codon , the protein factors e) The elongation : the binding of tRNA , the transpeptidation , translocation , protein elongation factors . f) Termination The study of genes : cloning techniques ; the cloning vectors , gene amplification (PCR ) ; DNA sequencing ; analysis of the promoters ( use of reporter genes ) (reference books) Amaldi F., Benedetti P. Pesole G., Plevani P., "Biologia molecolare" terza ed. (2018) ed. Casa editrice Ambrosiana Zlatanova J., van Holde K.E. Biologia molecolare Struttura e dinamica di genomi e proteomi prima ed. (2018) ed. Zanichelli Capranico G., Martegani E., Musci., Raugei G., Russo T., Zambrano N., Zappavigna. (2016) "Biologia Molecolare" ed. EdiSES Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M. Losick R. "Biologia molecolare del gene" sesta ed (2014) ed. Zanichelli For further information: Michael M. Cox, Jennifer A. Doudna, Michael O'Donnel: Biologia molecolare principi e tecniche. (2013) ed. Zanichelli Nancy L. Craig et al. Biologia molecolare principi si funzionamento del genoma. (2013) ed. Pearson (capitoli: 2,4,6,7,8,9,15) Lizabeth A. Allison Fondamenti di biologia molecolare ed. Zanichelli (capitoli 8,9)	8	BIO/11	56	8	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

16177 - CHIMICA FISICA BIOLOGICA

- PORCELLI Fernando (syllabus) (reference books)

CHIM/02

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Esami a scelta del Gruppo A11 - Percorso STANDARD - (show)

17720 - Principi di scienze omiche (objectives)

- TIMPERIO Anna Maria (syllabus) (reference books)

BIO/11

Related or supplementary learning activities

ITA

Optional group: Esami a scelta del Gruppo A12 - Percorso STANDARD - (show)

16180 - CHIMICA E BIOTECNOLOGIE DELLE FERMENTAZIONI (objectives)

- RUZZI Maurizio (syllabus) (reference books)

- CROGNALE Silvia

BIO/19

Attività formative affini ed integrative

CHIM/11

Attività formative affini ed integrative

ITA

16223 - Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali (objectives)

- Derived from 15595_1 Biotecnologie genetiche in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 MASCI Stefania (syllabus)

The course starts with the basic principles of recombinant DNA illustrating the mechanism of action of of restriction and modification enzymes, and gene cloning through host-vector systems.
The mechanism of action of standard and quantitative PCR is presented in detail, but particular importance is given to applications of such methodologies, through specific examples.
Among the different methods of DNA sequencing only the Sanger method is reported, both in its manual and automated versions.
The various techniques of analysis of nucleic acids and proteins, including electrophoresis on agarose and polyacrylamide and through blotting (Southern, Northern and Western blotting), and the different fields of application of these techniques are presented.
In regard to libreries, both the construction process, and the analysis of the genomic, cDNA and expression libraries are shown, with an emphasis on information obtained from their use.
The Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens genome projects are presented, explaining the criteria of choice of model organisms, and information obtained by the complete knowledge of these genomes.
Structural, functional and comparative genomics, as well as the technologies related to each of these branches, are presented. In particular, technologies related to structural genomics, through analysis of the genomic libraries for the sequencing of extended portions of DNA, and to functional genomics, through the main techniques of analysis of transcriptome and proteome, are explained.
Finally, genetically modified plants are presented: how they are realized through the two main systems (biolistic and Agrobacterium), by illustrating advantages and disadvantages of both these methods; how a genetic construct for expression in plants is made, which genetically modified plants are present on the market, with hints related to the issue of their acceptability.

Practical classes:
• Bacterial transformation using a recombinant plasmid vector, which is extracted in a subsequent practical class and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis
• Standard PCR to determine the presence of a specific transgene in plants of GM wheats
• SDS-PAGE to analyze the protein composition of wheat kernels
• The use of the spectrophotometer to determine the amount of DNA and proteins

If the students are more than 30, practical classes are performed in turns.

(reference books)

- Derived from 15595_2 Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 MAZZUCATO Andrea (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/07

Related or supplementary learning activities

ITA

Second semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15054 - Patologia vegetale e principi di biotecnologie fitopatologiche

- VETTRAINO Anna maria

AGR/12

Core compulsory activities

ITA

16176 - Biologia cellulare e molecolare della cellula animale e Biotecnologie animali (objectives)

- SCAPIGLIATI Giuseppe (syllabus) (reference books)

- MICCOLI ANDREA (syllabus) (reference books)

BIO/05

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Esami a scelta del Gruppo A11 - Percorso STANDARD - (show)

16179 - BIOETICA (objectives) Lo sviluppo sostenibile è quello in cui le innovazioni scientifiche siano inglobate e incorporate nei sistemi produttivi, sociali e culturali. Questioni relative alle implicazioni etiche, legali e sociali dei progressi della biotecnologia e della scienza sono sempre in crescita sia in Italia che all'estero. La bioetica rappresenta un forte appello della coscienza a chiedersi in quale direzione l'umanità stia dirigendo il progresso scientifico e quali siano i criteri per giudicarlo bene o male. Il ruolo strategico assunto dalla scienza in ambito biotecnologico e socio-economico spinse allora gli scienziati a cercare il consenso sociale intorno alle loro attività, facendo della comunicazione pubblica “public outreach” della scienza un'assoluta necessità. Questo corso presenta le principali questioni con cui la bioetica è chiamata oggi a confrontarsi nell'ambito delle biotecnologie. Inoltre, affronta le seguenti domande: come giudicare le applicazioni biotecnologiche avanzate nel settore agro-forestale e biomedico sotto il profilo etico? Gli OGM sono sicuri e accettabili? Quali interrogativi pongono? Quali sono gli eventuali vantaggi e/o i costi di un loro eventuale utilizzo? Il corso conferisce agli studenti le conoscenze di base sul tema della bioetica. Gli studenti del corso avranno la possibilità di apprendere la realtà più significativa riguardante: le biotecnologie agro-forestali, le biotecnologie mediche, la proprietà intelletuale e gli aspetti socio-scientifici. Il corso si propone, inoltre, l'obiettivo di collegare gli studenti a riflessioni e dibattiti sulle biotecnologie. - HARFOUCHE Antoine (syllabus) Science and ethics (8 hours) • Bioethics • Bioetiches and Biotech • Agroforestry biotechnologies Bioethics in human health and medicine (8 hours) • The ethics of gene therapy • Rinunciare alla terapia genica? (caso di studio) • Bioethics and stem cells Bioetica e biotecnologia (8 hours) • Etica e ingegneria genetica nel settore agricolo e forestale • Opinione pubblica e accettazione delle biotecnologie agro-forestali • Impatto ambientale degli organismi geneticamente modificati (OGM) • Affamati di scienza: come la biotecnologia viene tenuta fuori dall'Africa? (caso di studio) Bioethics, biotechnology and intellectual propoerty (8 hours) • IPRs • Ethical concernd of IP in biotech • Biotech patent • The Harvard oncomouse • The Upjohn mouse • The ethics of entrepreneurship Bioethics Opinions (8 hours) • Ethical Issues in Human Gene Therapy • The Boy in the Plastic Bubble • Golden Rice Project Hacking biotechnology: Do-it-yourself wonders and worries (8 hours) • A Dream of Glowing Trees Is Assailed for Gene-Tinkering Are Biotech, Ethics and Intellectual Property Friends or Foes? • Can biotechnology be open-source? • BiOS, an open-source science initiative • PIPRA, enabling access to public innovation How to effectively communicate Bioscience advances (8 hours) • Storeytelling • Narratives • Bioethics retreat • The Chicago guide to communication (reference books) Google Drive and online platform	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
16981 - Biotecnologia della postraccolta dei prodotti ortofrutticoli (objectives) The course is focusing on the main preservation, biotecnological processing and packaging techniques of the postharvest fruits and vegetables, as well as providing the basic knowledge to explain the relationship between manufacturing processes and foodstuff composition. At the end,the principal food packaging techniques will be discussed. - BOTONDI Rinaldo (syllabus) Storage of plant products: causes of nutritional decay. Aim of the various storage technologies. Ethylene: climateric and non-climateric fruits. Postharvest study of the metabolism of ethylene; ripening competency of fruits; signal perception and transduction. Ethylene inhibitors. Fruit quality standards. Biochemistry of some alterations of plant foods. Features of cold storage technologies. Postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables. Controlled and modified atmospheres. New technologies: ozone technology in industrial field of fresh fruit and vegetables. (reference books) Electronic handouts/materials provided by the teacher. Conservazione degli Ortofrutticoli Autori Anelli e Mencarelli Postharvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Products. Autore Stanley J. Kays. Exon Press, Athens, GA Power Point slides	6	AGR/15	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17531 - Metodologie biochimiche - Derived from 15300 METODOLOGIE BIOCHIMICHE in SCIENZE BIOLOGICHE (L-13) L-13 0 BERTINI Laura (syllabus) Theoretical part (40 hours) Buffer systems. Ionization of amino acids and proteins as a function of pH. The principles of biochemical research. Error theory. Accuracy and precision. (2 hours) Spectrophotometry: laws and applications. Lambert-Beer law. Absorption spectrum of nuclei acids and proteins. Spectrophotometric determination of protein concentration: Biuret, Lowry and Bradford methods. Enzyme dosing. Studies on accessibility of ionizable residues in native proteins. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. (7 hours) Centrifugation. Basic principles of sedimentation. Centrifuges and their use. Rotors. Separation methods in the preparative centrifugation. Differential centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation. Analytical ultracentrifugation. (4 hours) Strategies for isolation and purification of proteins. Cellular extraction methods. Dialysis and ultrafiltration. Fractional precipitation with salts, with organic solvents, to the isoelectric point, to heat. (3 hours) Chromatographic methods: adsorption and partition chromatography, ion exchange, molecular exclusion, affinity, hydrophobic interaction, HPLC, gas chromatography. Efficiency of chromatographic procedures and selection of a convenient method. (6 hours) Electrophoresis: theory and laws. Classification of electrophoretic methods. Free phase and zonal electrophoresis. Equipment for zonal electrophoresis gel. Gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE). Application of SDS-PAGE. Western blotting. Isoelectrofocusing: principles, equipment and methods. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis. (5 hours) Studies on the structure of proteins. Determination of amino acid composition, free cysteines, amino acid sequence and disulphide bridges. (4 hours) Mass spectrometry: principles and application in modern proteomic analysis. (3 hours) Structural characterization of nucleic acids. PCR. DNA sequencing: automated Sanger method. Southern and Northern blotting. (6 hours) Practical Part (8 hours) Determination of the protein concentration of an unknown sample using the Bradford method. Construction of the calibration line both manually on millimeter paper and using the least squares method and comparison of the obtained results. Spectrophotometer display of absorption spectrum of a protein with prosthetic groups and one without and discussion of results (4 hours). Preparation of a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS (SDS-PAGE) and electrophoretic run with pre-stained molecular weight markers, in order to follow the protein mobility during the electrophoretic process. Illustration of devices for the preparation of agarose gel for nucleic acids and western blotting (4 hours). (reference books) Wilson K., Walker J. Principles and techniques of practical biochemistry. 8th ed., 2018, Cambridge University Press. Handouts are provided by the teacher for practical laboratory activities. Lessons slides can be downloaded at: https://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/course/view.php?id=627 Non-attending students are encouraged to contact the teacher for information about the program, teaching materials, and the examination mode.	6	BIO/10	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17721 - Principi di patologia e biofarmaceutica - Carota Eleonora (syllabus) The course is focused on some infectious diseases and the related vaccines, describing the path from the pathogen to the vaccine. Some pathogens are included for which vaccines are already available on the market, and other main pathogens for which vaccines are in the research and development phase. Part of the course is dedicated to mention historical and general aspects of vaccination, development, production and commercialization of vaccines: immune system effectors, non-clinical and clinical studies, current rules for animal experiments, regulatory activities, efficacy of population vaccinations. Another part of the course consists of series of lessons dedicated to the individual pathogens. In particular, the following pathogens are treated: Poliovirus, Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, meningococci. For each pathogen are treated historical aspects, relevance to the public health, elements of epidemiology, microbiology, pathology, vaccine research and development, efficacy of therapies and vaccines. Moreover, the current situation of the mandatory vaccinations in Italy is described. During the course, even on the basis of possible suggestions from the Students, further pathogens or topics of particular scientific interest and relevant to the course can be identified, to whom specific lessons can be dedicated. (reference books) The reference book is: Plotkin’s Vaccines, 7th edition, Elsevier 2017, available at the University Library.	6	BIO/13	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

16178 - Elaborato finale

Final examination and foreign language test

ITA