Degree Course: Landscape and environmental planning and design Syllabus for A.Y. 2019/2020  

Introduction to study plant-environment interactions; morpho-functional organization of plants from cell to individual level (plant cell organization, growth and differentiation, notes on plant histology, organization, function and adaptation of plant organs); notes on plant functional processes (photosynthesis, mineral nutrition and transport); notes on plant reproduction; the origin of plant diversity; concept of species and speciation; classification methods; elements of systematics and taxonomy; ecological factors affecting the plant distribution; biomes, areal, chorotypes, biological forms; concept of flora, vegetation and landscape.

Sadava D., Hillis D.M., Heller H.C., Hacker S.D. - La Biologia delle Piante (Vol. 4)- Zanichelli
Pasqua G., Abbate G. & Forni C. -Botanica generale e Diversità vegetale (Chapter 25) - Piccin

Pdf files showed in the classroom will be available for the students. Moreover, teaching material (handouts), scientific and information will be provided by the teacher.

Introduction and review of basic mathematical notions. Natural numbers, sum and product of natural numbers. Neutral element and inverses. Relative numbers and rational numbers. Irrational and real numbers. Consistency and density of the real numbers. Units of measurement and conversion factors. Intervals. Operations. Scientific notation. Approximations. Equations and inequalities. Sets, inclusion relation, set representation with Eulero-Venn diagrams. Intersection, union, difference. Complement operation and cartesian product. Properties of the set operations.
Functions and Properties of function. Injective, surjective, bijective functions. Real Functions of a Real Variable and their Geometrical Representation: graph, domain, codomain and image. Symmetry. Increasing and decreasing functions. Dependent and independent variables. Functional notation. Range and domain. The graph of a function. Function transformations: shifting, stretching, reflecting, sum, product and composition. Inverse functions. One-to-one and invertible functions. Determining the graph and equation of the inverse.
Algebraic functions. Linear functions, quadratic functions, polynomial, power and rational functions. Transcendental functions: exponential and logarithmic functions. Introduction to trigonometric functions. Function composition. The inverse function.
Limits and Continuity. Definition of limits, properties and calculating the limits. Limits of functions, continuity and asymptotes.
Derivatives The Tangent to a Curve and the Derivative of a Function. Definition and calculation of derivative: algebraic and transcendental functions. The First and Second Derivatives. Left and right derivatives, higher order derivatives. Necessary condition of differentiability (with proof). Non differentiable functions.. Global and local maximum and minimum. Extreme value theorem. Differentiability and monotonicity. Differentiability and local extremes. Concavity and inflection points (with proofs). Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of inflection points (with proofs). De l’Hospital Theorem.
Integration. Definite integration. Integrable and non integrable functions. Properties of the definite integral. Indefinite integration and antiderivatives. The fundamental theorem of calculus. Integration formulas. Integration by part and substitution.

Linear algebra. Vectors, vector spaces, geometric representation of vectors, linear dependence and independence. Matrices and properties. Determinants. Properties of determinants. Rank of a matrix. Matrix operations. Systems of linear equations. Rouché-Capelli theorem. Cramer rule. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Statistics. Notions of descriptive statistics: variables, categories and statistical units. Frequency distribution and graphical representations. Position measures: mean, median and mode. Variability and shape of a distribution. Analysis of the association between two characters, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. Introduction to the linear regression models.
Introduction to probability. Notion of event. Probability distributions. Axioms of probability. Independent events and incompatible events. Conditional probability. Bayes theorem. Random variables and probability distributions. Introduction to statistical inference and the theory of hypothesis testing.

REFERENCE TEXTS (currently being defined):
-Guerraggio A. (2018) Matematica per le scienze. Pearson
- Bodine et al (2017) Matematica per le scienze della vita. UTET

-Slides of the course and exercises made available in the student's portal.

1. Introduction to the course
2. Main environmental issues and human impact on natural environment: ari, water and soil pollution. Organic and inorganic pollutants, Heavy metals.
3. Main environmental issues and human impact on natural environment: the greenhouse effect and global warming. Carbon (C) cycle changes and their implications in global changes.
4. Soil as the foundation of the landscape. The polyphasic system. General information on its physical, chemical and biological properties. Soil ecological and socio-economical functions. Soil threats: main factors of soil degradation.

Basic elements of general, inorganic and organic chemistry will be provided to facilitate the comprehension of the environmental phenomena presented during the course.

Denniston K. J. , Topping J. J., Caret R. L. - 2012 - Chimica Generale. Chimica Organica. Propedeutica Biochimica. McGraw-Hill
oppure
Bettelheim F.A., Brown W.H., Campbell M.K., Farrel S.O., Torres O.J.- 2014. Chimica e propedeutica Biochimica. EdiSES II.
(per chi non dispone di un testo di riferimento di Chimica)

Baird C., Cann M., Chimica ambientale - Zanichelli 2013.
Capitoli: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.
Disponibile in biblioteca
Per il livello di approfondimento di ciascun capitolo si rimanda agli argomenti trattati in classe (pdf delle lezioni)

AA. VV. Fondamenti di Chimica del Suolo, coordinatori Paolo Sequi, Claudio Ciavatta, Teodoro Miano. Patron Editore 2017.
Disponibile in biblioteca
Capitoli: 1, 2 (2.1, 2.2, 2.4), 3 cenni, 4 (4.2 e 4.6 cenni), 5, 6 (6.1, 6.2. 6.3.1), 7 (7.1), 8 (cenni), 9.

Pdf delle lezioni

Topics of interest will be proposed by the teacher as well as by the students and, if possible, supported by TIC.
- The protagonists of Landscape Architecture
- Design: technical terms and processes
- Environment and environment protection
- Sustainability
- Any other subject of interest
Grammar contents:
Articles;personal and possessive adj and pronouns , present and past tense, present and past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, futures,1st-2nd-3rd conditionals, passive ,prepositions and adverbs, comparatives and superlatives, modals, used, used to. Wquestions, quantifiers, relative clauses, for-since-still-yet; reported speech; Formal and informal structures, sentence manipulation, word formation, nominalization, compound sentences, etc.etc.

Plant Functional Types; Plant adaptative strategies and resource use; plant phenology; exotic species; urban greening.

Sadava D., Hillis D.M., Heller H.C., Hacker S.D. – L’ Ecologia (Vol. 6) – Zanichelli
Gratani L. – Appunti di Ecologia Vegetale- Aracne Editrice

Pdf files showed in the classroom will be available for the students. Moreover, teaching material (handouts), scientific and information will be provided by the teacher.

Introduction to the course: the sector of tree crops systems. Principles of fruit tree biology, the biological system as integration of organs and functions; correlativity of organ development and vegetative-productive cycle of the tree.
Agro-biodiversity: varietal panoramas and outline of genetic improvement (objectives, means and results). The main tree species, minor and wild species.
Tree architecture, form determinism, dimension determinism.
Architecture of the orchard and of the agro-ecosystems (orchards, groves, vineyards). Design and planting criteria: structural and functional diversity of the main types of tree crop systems.

Relation tree-environment. The concept of environmental suitability and basis of eco-physiology; role of environmental factors (climate-soil) in the development of the fruit tree; adaptation to climate change and climate change mitigation role. Field crops and protected crops.
The use of environmental resources in agronomical techniques (water, elements of soil fertility, light): main techniques of soil management and use of water resources in arboriculture. The impact of crops on the healthiness of the environment: use of bioregulators, agro-chemicals, fertilizers. Conventional, sustainable, biological production models.

Relation on tree crop system-landscape. Definition of the concept of terroire and of agricultural landscape. Notes on the meaning and evolution of the landscape of the fruit tree. Definition of the relationship between quality production (DOP, IGP) and territory; the landscape as an added value of productions. Arboriculture landscapes: constitutive characters. Notes on the diversity of the structure, function and significance of tree crop landscapes. The new landscapes of arboriculture in urban space. The multi-functionality of arboreal systems; ecosystem services.
Crop and environmental classification of tree crop species in the Mediterranean and in Italy and their landscapes.

- Teaching material by the teacher.

In-depth text:
AA.VV. Nuove frontiere dell'arboricoltura italiana, 2009. (S. Sansavini, a cura di) Oasi A. Perdisa, Bologna.

The program is developed in three parts:
- the first concerns the reading of the national and regional legislation for the governance of the territory in the urban and landscape area, the planning tools through the in-depth study of "case studies" of the PRG of Rome and the PTPR of the Lazio Region, the comparison with the planning system in Europe;
- the second part deals the transformation of the city, through the examination of the regulatory plans of Rome from the unification of Italy to today and the analysis of the development of the European city from the second post-war period to the present, up to the recent case studies of the neighborhoods sustainable in Europe.
- The third part of the program consists of the laboratory activity, developed on the morphological analysis of a marginal place in the urban-rural area: the area of the Cervelletta Natural Park in the IV Municipality of Rome.
1) The introduction of urban planning and territorial planning, its definition and recent innovations:
The definition of urban planning between art and science
• The legislative system of urban and territorial planning and landscape protection, the articulation of the purposes and the different areas of application:
- territorial and landscape planning (the territorial coordination plan, the regional landscape plan)
- general level planning (the General Town Plan and the NTAs)
- the implementation level planning (the detailed Plan, the Development Plan, Area Plans L.167 / 62, the integrated intervention Programs, the Urban Recovery Programs, the Urban Redevelopment Plans).
• Landscape-urbanism innovation and new approaches to planning: from the European Landscape Convention, "the whole territory is landscape", to Spatial Planning and Design for Climate Change
2) The examination of the development of the European city since the second post-war period:
• Notes on the urban and territorial planning system in Europe. Objectives and timing of regional, municipal and implementation level planning in France, Spain, Germany, England
• The expansion and transformation of the European city in the second half of the 1900s:
- The English new towns
- The French Villes nouvelles
- Amsterdam: urban quality and neighborhood design
- Barcelona: the public space project (PERI)
• Rome: the shape of the city and plans from the Unification of Italy to today
• Rome form and plans: the current PRG
• The sustainable city: "The world of 2050" by Oliver Cooper
- Notes on the EU's agenda for sustainable urban development
- The new sustainable neighborhoods in Europe:
The Vauban district, Freiburg (Germany)
HafenCity, Hamburg (Germany)
Greenwich Millenium Village, London (Great Britain)
Hammarby, Stockholm (Sweden)
3) Laboratory Activities: urban planning analysis of a marginal place in the urban-rural area: the area of the Cervelletta Natural Park and the surrounding urbanized areas in Rome.
• The historical evolution of the settlement:
- TAV. 1- Historical evolution of the settlement and the settlement principle
- analysis of the construction periods of the area
- analysis of the settlement principle up to the current configuration
• The elements of the urban form:
- TAV. 2 [/ 2a] - Structure of the settlement and the urban environment
- the characteristics of the environmental, settlement and infrastructural systems:
- site morphology and landscape features
- the historical pre-existences
- the urban margins
- infrastructure networks, neighborhood roads, public space
- the residential fabric, perimeter of homogeneous areas
• Layout scheme
- TAV. 3 - Problems, Potentiality / Resources

Didactic material of the course
1) Bruno Zevi, La nuova dimensione della paesaggistica, in Pretesti di critica architettonica, Ed. Enaudi
2) Prof. Arch. Claudia Mattogno, Le definizioni di Urbanistica
3) Glossario termini urbanistici ricorrenti
4A) Prof. Zetti , Glossario degli strumenti urbanistici - La legge urbanistica e gli standard
4B) Legislazione Urbanistica - Legge1150-1942
4C) Glossario e strumenti urbanistici - Pianificazione e paesaggio
4D) MIBAC - Beni paesaggistici
4E) Tutela Paesaggistica Approfondimenti - Legge Galasso 431- 85
5) La pianificazione urbanistica e territoriale
5A) Prof. Antonio Cappuccitti, in Strumenti urbanistici innovativi e concertazione urbanistica
5B) Programmi complessi e Urbanistica concertata_Zone O
5C) Legge urbanistica e Leggi di tutela del paesaggio
6) Arch. Daniela Gualdi - Relazione di verifica urbanistica nel IV Municipio – Esercitazione
6A) Il PRG di Roma_IV municipio_ stralcio
6B) Il PTPR di Roma_IV Municipio_ stralcio
6C) Il PTP Roma_Aniene n. 15_9_stralcio
7) Arch. Flavio Trinca, Il Landscape Urbanism
7B) Arch. Flavio Trinca, Bibliografia Sintetica sul Landscape Urbanism
7C) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Il paesaggio che salva la città. La poetica di Turenscape
8) Prof. Arch. Claudia Mattogno, Il sistema della pianificazione in Europa
9) Mamoli, Trebbi, in Storia dell'urbanistica. L’europa del secondo II dopoguerra, Ed. Laterza
10) Prof. Antonio Cappuccitti, Roma forma e piani 2018
10A) Il PRG di Roma_NTA
10B) Il PRG di ROMA_Guida Qualità Interventi
10C) Leonardo Benovolo, in Roma dal 1870 al 1990, Ed. Laterza
10D) Italo Insolera, in Roma, Ed. Laterza
10E) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Gli elementi strutturanti della forma della città in Roma capitale – in Linee di Ricerca
10F) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Il verde nei piani regolatori di Roma Capitale dal 1870 ad oggi
11) Barcellona il progetto degli spazi pubblici
11A) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Barcellona trasformazione di una città, in AR
12) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi, L'analisi di un luogo di margine in ambito urbano-rurale: l'area del Parco regionale della Cervelletta
12A) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_Basi cartografiche area Parco Cervelletta
12B) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_PRG_Area Parco Cervelletta
12C) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_L'esempio del PRU di San Basilio
13) Link “Il mondo del 2050” di Oliver Cooper
13A) Lo sviluppo urbano sostenibile dell’Europa unita
13B) Agenda sviluppo urbano sostenibile_2014
13C) C. Mazzoleni, Amburgo, Hafencity. Rinnovamneto di una città
13D) Londra, Greenwich Millenium Village
13E) A. Cappuccitti, Stoccolma. Quartiere di Hammarby
13F) D.Gualdi, La trasformazione urbana in Europa
Reference Bibliography
- Ash Amin, Europa, terra di estranei, ed. Mimesis, 2016
- Leonardo Benovolo, Le origini dell’urbanistica moderna, ed. Laterza, 1963
- Leonardo Benovolo, Roma dal 1870 al 1990, ed. Laterza, 1992
- Italo Insolera, Roma. Le città nella storia d’Italia, ed. Laterza, 1980
- M. Mamoli, G. Trebbi, Storia dell'urbanistica. L’Europa del secondo II dopoguerra, ed. Laterza, 1988
- Bruno Zevi, Saper vedere l’Urbanistica, ed. Enaudi, 1971
- Web-site of the MIBAC
- Web-site of the INU

§ Elements of Cartography: Reference systems and the main systems of map projection, Geographic coordinates, Representation systems: UTM and Gauss Boaga, Altimetry and digital terrain models, Italian Cartography IGM, Map reading
§ Introduction to GIS
§ Identification and characterization of the structural elements of natural and human factors.
§ Rurality, naturalness and vulnerability of territory: definitions, methods, indicators.
§ Transformation of rural areas: changes in land use, development of the settlement system and infrastructure characterization of "sprawl".
§ Regulatory instruments for environmental protection. (Habitats and Birds Directives, Ground water protection, etc.)

Notes of the classroom available on the Google classroom platform

Program
1. Introduction to geopedology: definition and role in the environment and spatial landscape planning. (1 ECTS)
2. The concept of soil. Definition of “soil”, soil formation and evolution, the factors state and Jenny model. The pedon: definition and description of the components heterogeneity. The soil genesis and evolution. The pedosequence. (1 ECTS)
3. Soil properties: cation exchange capacity, anion adsorption, molecular retention, texture and structure, porosity, color, temperature, reaction (pH) and buffering capacity. (1 ECTS)
4. The soil formation factors: climate, vegetation, lithology, morphology, anthropic, time. (1 ECTS)
- The climate. Temperature and rainfall, ratios and charts thermo-precipitation, water regimes and thermal soil.
- The rock. Classification of rocks exogenous and endogenous, the primary and secondary minerals. Mineral crystalline and amorphous. Silicates and phyllosilicates. Oxides and hydroxides of Al, Fe, Ti, allophane The igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, physical disintegration and chemical alteration, rock chemistry and pedogenetic formation of the substrate.
- The vegetation. The types of vegetation cover, the constituents and the cycle of soil organic matter. Humification: definition and theories. Humic substances: composition and properties, humus forms and their ecological significance, formation of surface horizons.
- Morphology. Spot heights and contour lines, by altitude, slope and aspect, shallow and medium depth water system, modeling of the Earth's surface for actions water, ice, wind and pyroclastic.
5. The pedogenic processes. Formation and evolution of the soil and the steady state, the processes of transformation, translocation, addition and removal of materials, environmental contexts and dominant pedogenetic processes (1 ECTS)
6. The main soil types and their distribution. Soils according to international classification systems and their distribution to global and national levels. The causes of soil degradation and changes the landscape. Erosion: definition and types. RUSLE equation. (1 ECTS)

The use of material distributed by the lecturer made available online and lecture notes will be fundamental.
For further details we recommend:
Foundations of Pedology, C. Dazzi, Le Penseur 2013
Basics of Pedology, G. Certini and F.U. Ugolini, Edagricole 2010

The main projection systems (Conic, cylindrical, planar; concepts of Equivalence, Equidistance and Isogony, UTM Projections, Gauss Boaga, Cassini-Soldner).
Elements of cartography (Concepts of Geodesy, Topography, Areophotogrammetry and Remote and GPS, Scale concepts and cartographic representation at various scales). Geographic data (Type of data; vector data and geometric primitives; characteristics of raster and classified raster data; alphanumeric attributes of geographical data; Georeferencing); Numerical cartography (Map and GIS - Oriented)
The main GIS operators (Buffer; Clip; Dissolve; Merge; Geographic selection; Topological overlay and overlay types - union, intersection, identity - Spatial and tabular Join; Query). data export: general concepts; Interface; the view, the table, the layout, the chart, the script; the project; the Shapefile; the Theme, the Editing; Prints and Graphics.
The GIS in support of the decision-making phase: multi-criteria analysis and fuzzy logic.
Remote sensing for land monitoring: aerial photos and satellite images.
Remote sensing for landscape analysis and land use classification.
The zoning of the territory and the supervised classifications.

Territorial Information Systems - principles and applications. Federica Migliaccio, Daniela Carino. UTET editions.

Lecture notes - practical activity performed in the classroom of geomatics.

During the course the lecturer will provide students with scientific papers for the study of some issues.

- Definitions, objectives, and methodologies of Naturalistic Engineering;

- The water cycle; hydro-meteorological data; hydrological catchments and water systems; analysis of precipitation; river floods and extreme events; basics of river hydraulics;

- Plant analysis; technical and biological characteristics of plants; use and methods of plants in Naturalistic Engineering;

- Geological and geotechnical analysis of landscape; hydraulic ecosystem analysis; fundamentals of Naturalistic Engineering design; materials of Naturalistic Engineering;

- Design of major Naturalistic Engineering solutions and structures: streams and rivers, stream banks, hillslopes. Case studies and examples;

- Team experiences with collaborative discussion and presentations. Visits to Naturalistic Engineering structures.

- Compendio di Ingegneria Naturalistica (P. Cornelini, G. Sauli): http://www.regione.lazio.it/prl_ingegneria_naturalistica/?vw=newsDettaglio&id=58

- PODIS – Manuale di Indirizzo delle scelte progettuali per interventi di Ingegneria Naturalistica: http://www3.regione.molise.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/3277

Material in English will be made available upon request.

The teaching program includes the following topic:
a) Morphological, ecological characters and silvicultural aspects of the main species within 1) Italian forest stands and 2) tree rows, urban parks and gardens.
b) Basic concepts of forest mensuration related to management purposes to describe quantitatively forest stands and ornamental trees ( growth related to wood production, tree structure and its mechanical integrity.
c) Basic concepts about trees and forest functions in rural and urban context; silviculture, arboriculture, urban forestry: definitions and goals; woodlands in urban context, "urban forest" meaning.
d) Practical activities:
- visit the Botanical Garden "Angelo Rambelli" - University of Tuscia,
- observations on samples of dried plants
- field trip in urban and periurban green areas.

- Reference texts:

Romano Gellini e Paolo Grossoni. Botanica forestale. Gimnosperme (vol. I), Angiosperme (vol.II).
Editore CEDAM.
- Notes from lectures and additional readings.

Other reference texts:
- Trees of Europe, by PoluninOleg. Oxford University Press

The student will be introduced to the concepts of degradation, preservation and restoration of the various materials. It will focus on the main technologies and techniques of use of each class of material, the performance aspects of devices and systems, environmental issues and opportunities, including from a "life cycle assessment" perspective.
Through the study of case studies, the theoretical and practical aspects of the materials, technologies, devices and systems used in the landscape project, redevelopment, enhancement and environmental restoration will be addressed.
• earth, lime, draining pavements
• wood
• stones and marbles
• bricks and clinker
• asphalt, concrete
• ceramics, grès, glass
• iron, steel and metal alloys
• polymers and composites
• special materials
• "nature-based" solutions

All lessons are available for students on the e-learning platform.

Il corso intende fornire le nozioni base per una storia del paesaggio e delle sue trasformazioni in Italia e in Europa, con eventuali confronti con altre realtà culturali. L’arco cronologico preso in considerazione va dall’antichità al contemporaneo, con particolare riguardo all’epoca moderna.
Il corso è svolto in co-docenza con la prof. Paola Zampa
Argomenti delle lezioni
• Introduzione.
• Fonti e strumenti per lo studio del paesaggio storico.
• Paesaggio e giardino nel mondo antico.
• L’età medievale: paesaggio e rovine urbane. I giardini monastici.
• Il paesaggio e la villa suburbana tra XV e XVI secolo.
• Rapporto tra natura e architettura.
• Il paesaggio e le grandi residenze tra XVII e XVIII secolo.
• Il giardino alla francese.
• Il giardino inglese nel XVIII secolo.
• Bath, Londra, John Nash a Regent Park.
• Rivoluzione industriale e trasformazione del territorio.
• Trasformazione della città tra XIX e XX secolo: nascita ed evoluzione del parco urbano.
• Il giardino nell’architettura contemporanea.

Testi consigliati

C. TOSCO, Storia dei giardini. Dalla Bibbia al giardino all’italiana, Bologna 2018.

C. TOSCO, Il paesaggio come storia, Bologna (2007) 2017.

L’architettura dei giardini d’occidente. Dal Rinascimento al Novecento, a cura di M. Mosser e G. Teissot, Milano 1990.

Viaggio nei giardini d’Europa, catalogo della mostra, Torino 2019.

F. ZAGARI, L’architettura del giardino contemporaneo, Milano 1988.

M. AZZI VISENTINI, La villa in Italia. Quattrocento e Cinquecento, Milano 1995.

R. SAMPERI, La città delle vigne, dei giardini e delle ville (fine XV-XVI secolo), in Roma. Le trasformazioni urbane nel Cinquecento, a cura di G. Simoncini, vol. II, Dalla città al territorio, Firenze 2011, pp. 105-158.

A. CERUTTI FUSCO, Roma moderna descritta e rappresentata nelle guide del Ciquecento: itinerari e paesaggi urbani, in Roma. Le trasformazioni urbane nel Cinquecento, a cura di G. Simoncini, vol. II, Dalla città al territorio, Firenze 2011, pp. 159-219.

J.S. ACKERMAN, Palladio, (1966), Torino 1972.

L’arte dei giardini: scritti teorici e pratici dal XIV al XIX secolo, a cura di M. Azzi Visentini, Milano 1999.

Topiaria. Architetture e sculture vegetali nel giardino occidentale dall’antichità a oggi, a cura di M. Azzi Visentini, Treviso 2004.

Ulteriori indicazioni bibliografiche su temi specifici saranno fornite durante le lezioni

The lessons will critically address issues and problems of the contemporary city and the management of the territory, with particular reference to environmental issues and the role of landscape and environmental planning in the current context. An overview of the town planning tools in force will be provided with the aim of providing students with knowledge of the operational procedures of landscape planning; but also a regulatory and knowledge reference scenario to develop project strategies on a local scale. The lessons will include the following topics: definitions of landscape, environment, territory; Current reference framework for Urban, Environmental and Landscape Planning. Basic cartography; the PTPR of the Lazio Region; Different urban-territorial plans; Basin and hydrogeological plans, Landscape Plan, Protected Area Plan. Territorial constraints: hydrogeological and related national and regional legislation. Environmental constraints Environmental, strategic and impact assessment of "SIC areas" and "ZPS areas" (VIA, VAS and VINCA). Climate as a tool in the design of open spaces. Landscape concept and systemic approach to landscape design; Green infrastructures. Plan of the Green.

During the lessons, bibliographical references relevant to the different topics will be provided.

The transformations of the Italian landscape since the fifties: the consumption of soil and the increase in the forest area.
Main statistical data on Italian forest. The forest area in Europe and worldwide.
What is forest and what is not forest. Forest as a set of trees, forest as a complex system, forest as an economic resource.
Sustainable forest management. Planning as a forest management tool.
The ecological approach to land planning. The stages of forest planning.
The hierarchy of forest planning in Italy.
The goals of forest planning: maximizing land income; maximization of the total economic value.
The emergence of a new goal: to make forests suitable for dealing with global change.
The information needed for forest planning.
The functions of the forest: production, protection, conservation, recreation, landscape, culture.
How to recognize the functions of the forest and quantify their importance in the landscape.
Forest landscape planning: methods and results.
Protected areas in Italy. Institutional bodies and management tools. The Park Plan.
The Natura 2000 network. Features, development in Italy, management tools.

Bayram Cemil Bilgili and Ercan Gökyer (2012). Urban Green Space System Planning, Landscape Planning, Dr.
Murat Ozyavuz (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0654-8, InTech, Available from:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/landscape-planning/urban-green-space-system-planning

The design course is organized in four different sections:


1-Inquiring

The aim of this section is being able to keep up with and understand International policies which engage contemporary landscape design, such as:

- green infrastructure, European Union strategy for Biodiversity 2020

-Natural capital and Italian National strategy for urban green areas

-Ecological meaning of urban green areas ( Cfr. Carlo Blasi)


2- Orienting

The aim of this section is being able to orient oneself in the contemporary production of landscape design. The assignment is to study and describe, through a report card with pictures and drawings, one recent project for each and every one of the following design themes:
-Moving
-Coltivating
-Foresting
-Meeting
-Telling


3- Describing

The aim of this section is to establish the importance of description in the formation of the landscape designer.
Describing comes through:
- Individual perceptions of the area during site visits
- Images of the landscape produced by other authors ( Images, drawings, movies, etc.)


4- Designing

The design becomes a creative integration of the previous sections, and is organized in five different parts:

4.1 Parts
The aim is to frame and identify characteristics, similarities or differences of specific parts of the landscape. This happens through the use of morphology, idrography and ecologies and their entanglements and reciprocal relationships.

4.2 Demands:
Problems, desires and aspirations by different part of the community which inhabits the site of the project. Mapping can come as second hand source material ( web analysis, online journals, locals associations blogs, etc.) or first hand source material such as interviews.

4.3 Strategy: concept/site plan.
It is about defining the strategy of the project through a summarized image that caters the idea of the project.

4.4 Evolutions:
It is about choosing a specific element of the project, which can be considered significant, and developing a study about its spatial and temporal evolution.

4.5 Design specifications
It is about the description of specific parts of the project which helps to better understand and communicate the general landscape design strategy.

G. Buccini, Ghetti, Milano 2019
V. Calzolari, Storia e natura come sistema: un progetto per il territorio libero dell’area romana, Roma 1999
G. Celati, Verso la foce, Milano 2013
G. Clement, Giardiniere planetario, Milano 2008
R. Mancini, Le mura aureliane di Roma. Atlante di un palinsesto murario, Roma 2001

The bibliography will be integrated during lectures and seminars held in the classroom.

The urban and peri-urban area and its relation to agriculture. The phenomenon of urban gardens in the history and contemporaneity. The urban garden as multifunctional spaces.
Constitutive elements of urban gardens. Principles of designing open spaces for urban agriculture and application in landscape design.

Teaching material provided by the teacher.

Course program

- The sources of environmental law
- The landscape, the territory and the environment in the Constitution
- The urban planning law of 1942
- The 1967 reform and the 1968 DM
- The constitutionalisation of agricultural interest
- Regionalization and separation agriculture – production and agriculture-protection
- The 80s - European reforms and regional legislation
- The new century - the reform of Title V of the Constitution and the new CAP
- The environmental code
- Public goods
- Urban planning negotiated in agricultural areas
- Environmental administrative procedures

F. Albisinni, Diritto Agrario territoriale, Ed. Tellus, Roma, 2004.

Il capitolo di G. Dimitrio , Le regole di destinazione e di uso edilizio dei suoli agricoli, in Urbani, P., Scoca, F. G., Stella Richter, P. (a cura di), Trattato di diritto del territorio, Torino, 2018.

Additional teaching materials will be distributed during the lessons

The courses topics are collected into the following three main thematic groups.
I. Economics: an outline of the history of economic thought, the economic system, the market, demand and supply curves, outlines of consumer theory and production theory,
II. Environmental and natural resources economics: classification of goods, concept of externality, natural resources and scarcity, market failures, social costs, private costs, taxes and subsidies, economy of forest resources and international environmental policies.
III. Economic evaluation: definition and aims of the estimate, methods and procedures, hints of financial mathematics, the value of wood and the forests values, the evaluation of pollution, fire damages, the Total Economic Value, introduction to cost and benefit analysis, estimative metric calculation and project evaluations.

Turner R.K, Pearce D.W., e Bateman I. Enviromental Economics. An Elementary Introduction. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

Topics of interest will be proposed by the teacher as well as by the students and, if possible, supported by TIC.
- The protagonists of Landscape Architecture
- Design: technical terms and processes
- Environment and environment protection
- Sustainability
- Any other subject of interest
Grammar contents:
Articles;personal and possessive adj and pronouns , present and past tense, present and past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, futures,1st-2nd-3rd conditionals, passive ,prepositions and adverbs, comparatives and superlatives, modals, used, used to. Wquestions, quantifiers, relative clauses, for-since-still-yet; reported speech; Formal and informal structures, sentence manipulation, word formation, nominalization, compound sentences, etc.etc.

The teaching program includes the following topic:
- Effects of urban sprawl on natural ecosystems
- Urban green areas (g. a.) characterization of in terms of applied ecology
- Quantitative and qualitative aspects of urban and periurban green g. a.; criteria and indicators
- Woodlands in urban and periurban context: structures and origins.
- Tree species selection criteria
- Urban and periurban g. a. inventory within GIS environment
- Urban forestry plan and u.f. municipality regulation
- Hints on Italian legislation concerning urban and periurban green areas
The course includes 16 hours of teaching activities: 12 hours in the classroom and 4 hours of seminar and practical activity.

PDF files from lectures and other bibliographic sources provided by the teacher.

The lessons will critically address issues and problems of the contemporary city and of the management of the territory, with particular reference to the role of landscape and landscape planning in the current context. An overview of the town planning tools in force will be provided with the aim of providing students with knowledge of the operational procedures of landscape planning; but also a regulatory and knowledge reference scenario to develop project strategies on a local scale.
The lessons will include the following topics: evolution of the concept of landscape in the specific landscape legislation. The current framework of landscape planning. Regional territorial landscape plan; Reading of the cartography and interpretation of the landscape aspects. Landscape constraint; from the protection of the territory to the opportunity for enhancement. Mitigation and compensation works. Environmental Impact Assessment; Incidence Assessment. Landscape Insertion Study; Landscape Report.

During the lessons, bibliographical references relevant to the different topics will be provided.

The lessons will critically address issues and problems of the contemporary city and the management of the territory, with particular reference to the role of urban planning in the current context. An overview of the town planning tools in force will be provided with the aim of providing students with knowledge on the operational procedures of planning; but also a regulatory and knowledge reference scenario to develop project strategies on a local scale.
The lessons will include the following topics: PRG and Detailed Implementation Plans. The PRG of Rome. From the PRG to the Municipal General Urban Plan (PUGC). Knowledge framework; interpretation framework; structural part of the PUG and invariant elements of the territory; programmatic part of the PUG; urban equalization. From detailed implementation plans to current strategic planning: Urban Periphery Recovery Programs; Urban Regeneration Plans; Sustainable Urban Development Strategies.

During the lessons, bibliographical references relevant to the different topics will be provided.

The teaching program includes the following topic:
- Effects of urban sprawl on natural ecosystems
- Urban green areas (g. a.) characterization of in terms of applied ecology
- Quantitative and qualitative aspects of urban and periurban green g. a.; criteria and indicators
- Woodlands in urban and periurban context: structures and origins.

- Tree species selection criteria
- Urban and periurban g. a. inventory within GIS environment
- Urban forestry plan and u.f. municipality regulation
- Hints on Italian legislation concerning urban and periurban green areas

The course includes 16 hours of teaching activities: 12 hours in the class and 4 hours of seminari and practical activities.

PDF files from lectures and other bibliographic sources provided by the teacher. Notes from lectures and additional readings.