Degree Course: Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Syllabus for A.Y. 2022/2023

Scienze agrarie e ambientali

Percorso STANDARD

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
17937 - Botany (objectives) The course aims to provide the basic knowledge of the main botanical disciplines in a single teaching with reference to the agricultural context and therefore also with a preparatory purpose for the future acquisition of knowledge and skills and applied understanding in the management of plant production. It also aims to encourage motivation to study and interest in biological subject related to botany and plant science, to refine an efficient study method, to promote critical analysis, judgements making, in-depth analysis, independent study, correct finding of literature sources and to foster communication skills. - SANTI Luca (syllabus) The course is structured into three main sections: the first focuses on the basic aspects of plant biology, the second on plant diversity and the evolutionary relationships of plants and the third on the botanical aspects of the main crops. During the course two practical classes are also are planned. In the first section after an introduction on the general concepts of cytology, peculiarities of the plant cell are illustrated, then the different levels of organization are addressed, the morphological and anatomical structure of plants, the mechanisms of development and reproduction, highlighting the relationship between cytological, histological and morphological aspects. In particular at cellular level the following topics will be discussed: the plant cell, the cell wall, the cytoskeleton, the endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus), the vacuole, plastids and the nucleus including also cell cycle and an introduction to mitosis and meiosis. At tissue level, meristematic, parenchymal, mechanical, tegumental, conducting, and secretory tissues, while at the organ level, the stem, leaf and root. Finally, reproduction, seeds and fruits are addressed at organisms level. In the second part, devoted to plant diversity, is illustrated in detail the theory of evolution and the main lines of evolution of the plant kingdom with particular reference to the main morphological, biological, phylogenetic and adaptive aspects of plants. In particular this section of the course covers the main general features, modality of reproduction and systematic of the major plant evolutionary lines: cyanobacteria, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms, both dicotyledons and monocotyledons. The third section considers the botanical aspects of the major crop plants grown in Italy (wheat, rice, tomato, olive, apple, corn, potato, vitis and citrus fruits) but also abroad (soybean, cotton and canola). In this section plants as producers of bioactive molecules, plants as environmental purifiers and plants producing allergens are also shortly introduced. The course also includes a guided visit to the University Botanical Garden "Angelo Rambelli", the visit is intended to illustrate the importance of Botanical Gardens and the underlying principles followed in their design and establishment, particular importance is reserved to explaination of the different recreated biomes. (reference books) Botanica generale e diversità vegetale. Gabriella Pasqua, Giovanna Abbate, Cinzia Forni. Piccin For insights: Biologia delle piante di Raven. Ray F Evert, Susan E Eichhorn. Zanichelli	8	BIO/03	60	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17863 - Organic chemistry and principles of general chemistry (objectives) The course is structured to provide students with a basic knowledge of general chemistry and organic chemistry and to achieve the following learning objectives: 1) Knowledge and ability to understand: to provide a basic knowledge of the structure, nomenclature, properties and reactivity of the main inorganic and organic compounds. 2) Applied knowledge and understanding: to develop the ability to connect the course topics and also to be able to explain phenomena related to everyday life issues. 3) Autonomy of judgement: develop the ability to analyse data, interpret them and solve exercises. 4) Communication skills: to develop the ability to describe the topics covered with properties of language, clarity of exposition, ability to synthesise, critical sense. 5) Learning skills: learning the tools to be used for problem solving. - BERNINI Roberta (syllabus) The course program includes two parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of General Chemistry, useful for understanding the second part of the course, devoted to Organic Chemistry, which is the predominant part of the course. The following are the topics covered. (1) Elements of General Chemistry. Atoms. Isotopes. Orbitals. Electronic configuration of the elements. Periodic table. Periodic properties. Valence electrons. Rule of the octet. Chemical bonds. Moles. Avogadro's number. Balancing of chemical reactions. Chemical behaviour of the most common inorganic compounds. Stoichiometric calculations. Solutions. Units of concentration measurement. Dilution and mixing of solutions. Colligative properties. Theories of acids and bases. Strong and weak acids and bases. pH. Oxidation-reduction reactions. (2) Organic Chemistry. Classes of compounds. Functional groups. Hybridization. Alkanes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Structural isomers. Conformational isomers. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Cis-trans isomers, E/Z. Alkynes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Halogenated compounds: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aromatic hydrocarbons: structure, nomenclature and properties. Huckel rule. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene derivatives. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Alcohols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Phenols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Ethers: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aldehydes and ketones: structure, nomenclature and properties. Carboxylic acids: structure, nomenclature and properties. Saturated and unsaturated fats. Dicarboxylic acids. Acidity. Amines: structure, nomenclature and properties. Heterocyclic amines. Basicity. Stereoisomerism. Enantiomers and diasteromers. Chiral carbon. Properties of chiral molecules. Notation R, S. Reactions in organic chemistry. Carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, peptides, proteins, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids: structure, nomenclature and properties. (reference books) It is recommended to study the topics of the course using the lecturer's slides, made available on the Moodle platform, deepening the topics and doing the exercises available in the textbooks. The proposed texts are as follows: (1) Fondamenti di Chimica Generale - R. Chang, K. Goldsby, McGraw-Hill Education (2) Chimica Organica Essenziale - B. Botta, Edi-ermes	8	CHIM/06	64	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14618 - Mathematics and principles of physics (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide mathematical and physical formalization and modeling tools, which can be used in various application contexts. The expected learning outcomes are as follows. 1. Knowledge and understanding: knowing and understanding the mathematical models, the laws of physics and the algorithmic methods used in the description and solution of application problems. 2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: to be able to solve application problems using the methods studied. 3. Autonomy of judgment: knowing how to use the acquired knowledge to express autonomous evaluation in the different application contexts. 4. Communication skills: acquire the rigorous language typical of mathematics and physics to communicate clearly and without ambiguity with specialist and non-specialist interlocutors. 5. Learning skills: develop adequate skills that allow you to autonomously explore mathematical and physical issues in the contexts in which you will be working. - Nobili Paolo (syllabus) MATHEMATICS Elements of Combinatorics: Arrangements, permutations and simple combinations, binomial coefficients, definitions and properties. Matrices and Determinants: Definitions and properties of matrices, diagonal matrices, transposed, opposite and inverse matrices. Operations on matrices, determinants, Laplace's theorems, Sarrus' rule, general properties of determinants, minor and rank or characteristic of a matrix. Systems of Linear Equations: Generalities on systems of linear equations, Rouchè-Capelli theorem, Cramer's theorem, systems of m equations in n unknowns, homogeneous systems. Real Variable Functions: Trigonometric functions, compound functions, inverse functions, limits of a function, theorems on limits, the uniqueness of the limit, theorem of the permanence of the sign, theorem of comparison, limit of the sum, of the product, of the quotient, etc. .. of functions, notable limits. Continuous Functions: Definitions and first properties, continuity, Neper's number, maxima and minima, inverse function. Derivatives: Definition and geometric meaning of the derivative, operations on derivatives and derivation rules, derivation of trigonometric functions, derivation of compound and inverse functions, differentiability and continuity, differential, successive derivatives, relative maxima and minima, asymptotes, concavity and convexity, inflections, graphs of functions. Theorems of Rolle, Cauchy, Lagrange, De L'Hopital, indeterminate forms. Trascendent Functions: Inverse trigonometric functions, logarithm function, exponential function, hyperbolic functions. Imtegration: Indefinite integral, definition and properties, relationship between integrability and derivability, immediate integrals, definite integral. ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS Description of reality: models, theories, laws and measures; The international system of measurement; Scalar quantities and vector quantities; sum and difference of vectors; decomposition of vectors along assigned directions; dot product, vector product, mixed product. Kinematics: Generality. Motion of the material point. Coordinate systems. Linear speed and acceleration. Uniform and varied circular motion; speed and angular acceleration. Dynamics: Newton's laws (I, II and III) and their applications. Dynamics of the material point. Friction forces. Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces. Potential energy; conservation of energy. Power. dissipative forces. Momentum and its conservation; bumps and their classification. Motion of rigid systems and equilibrium conditions. Moment of inertia and angular momentum for rotations about a fixed axis; moment of forces; second cardinal law of system mechanics. Kinetic energy; rolling and the role of friction. Work and Power. Fluids: Fluid statics and applications. Fluid dynamics: flow, law of conservation of flow. Bernoulli's theorem and applications. Real fluids: surface tension and capillarity. (reference books) A. M. Bigatti, L. Robbiano. Matematica di base. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana (Milano). D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker. Fondamenti di Fisica. (Volume I, Meccanica e Termologia). Casa Editrice Ambrosiana (Milano).	8	MAT/05	48	16	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14789 - English Language (objectives) EDUCATIONAL AIMS: The course aims to develop language skills at a pre-intermediate level (B1 in The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), focusing on building essential grammatical and lexical foundations. Lectures are partly organised in in-class practice tests coherent with the International Preliminary English Test (PET). A selection of scientific texts, uploaded to the Moodle page of the course, will be analyzed so that to build lexical knowledge and debating skills related to Natural Sciences subjects. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The student can: - understand texts that consist mainly of high-frequency everyday or job-related language; - understand the description of events, feelings, and wishes in personal letters; - understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters; - enter into a conversation on topics that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life; - connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and events, his/her dreams, hopes and ambitions; - briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions related to scientific topics as well; - write simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest; - write personal letters describing experiences and impressions, and short stories sticking to specific hints. - HERNANDEZ BORRAYO Elizabeth (syllabus) PROGRAM:: B1 Grammar topics These are topics you need to study to pass an exam at the B1 level, such as Cambridge English Preliminary: Adverbs Both, either, neither A broader range of intensifiers; So, such, too, enough Comparatives and superlatives Question tags Conditionals: 0, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Connecting words expressing cause and effect, contrast, etc. (Linking words) Embedded questions Future (present simple, present continuous, going to+verb, will/shall), Will and going to, for prediction Modals - must/can’t, a deduction Modals – might, may, will, probably Modals – should have/might have/etc Modals: must/have to Present simple/present continuous Past simple/Past continuous Present Perfect/Past perfect Present/Future and Past tense responses Phrasal verbs, extended Prepositions of place and movement Present perfect continuous Present perfect/past simple Reported speech (range of tenses) Passive and Active voice: simple passive Wh- questions in the present, future, and past You can also see which grammar topics are associated with other CEF levels. Vocabulary Topics All the words in this section are in the Cambridge PET word list. These are the important words you need to know to pass an exam at B1 level. Appliances \| Buildings \| Clothes \| Colours \| Education \| Entertainment and Media \| Environment \| Food and Drink \| Health, Medicine and Exercise \| Hobbies and Leisure \| House and Home \| Language \| Personal Feelings, Opinions and Experiences \| Places: Countryside \| Places: Town and City \| Services \| Shopping \| Sport \| Technology and Communications \| The Natural World \| Travel and Transport \| Weather \| Work and Jobs Vocabulary learning tips Read as much as possible. If you come across a word you don't know, write it down or look it up. Use a dictionary. Many browsers include dictionaries. If you are reading online, you may be able to right-click on a word to look it up. Sign up for a 'word a day' email. Think of ways of remembering words. Do they sound like a word in your own language? Remember words are often used together with other words. Try to learn these 'collocations'. (reference books) Bibliography - Texts: 1. Barbara Centi (Autore). "ECOF@RMING. Farming practices for a Green World", ISBN 99788820366421. HOEPLI Editore. 2. Helen Stephenson (Autore), Paul Dummett (Autore), John Hughes, "LIFE PRE-INTERMEDIATE 2nd. Edition". Student's book and workbook; Student's book Build Up con CD, DVD-ROM, con e-book e con espansione online e contenuto digitale per download e accesso on line. Editore: ELI, Collana:Inglese corsi ESP, Data di Pubblicazione:2018, EAN:9788853625144, ISBN:8853625147 - (3 Books). 3. Raymond Murphy (Author), Lelio Pallini (Author); "Essential Grammar in Use, con soluzioni ed eBook, Quarta edizione. Grammatica di base della lingua inglese". ISBN 9781316509029. 4. B1 Preliminary for Schools practice tests, for Revised exam from 2020 con CD-Audio e file audio per il download. ISBN 9788853627872. Editore: ELI, Collana: Certificazioni, Data di Pubblicazione:2020. EAN: 9788853627872, ISBN: 8853627875. 176 pages. 5. Dispense di Grammatica livello A2-B1+. "Bringing National Geographic to Life" - https://eltngl.com/sites/Life2e/NGLandLife	6	L-LIN/12	48	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14787 - Agricultural Genetics (objectives) The AGRICULTURAL GENETICS course aims to provide the information necessary for understanding the theoretical and experimental bases of classical and modern genetics, with particular reference to: 1) structure and function of the hereditary material (DNA, genes, chromosomes and genomes), both in model organisms and of agricultural interest; 2) flow of genetic information (from DNA to proteins) and its regulation; 3) chromosomal bases of heredity (chromosome structure; cell cycle; mitosis; meiosis); 4) inheritance of simple and complex traits (Mendelian and quantitative genetics); 5) genetic variability as the basis for species evolution and genetic improvement (mutations, recombination, hybridization). These fundamental topics of biology (as well as genetics) will be treated in order to make it understood, among other things: - the temporal evolution of scientific thought that led to the discoveries; - the value of intuition and, at the same time, of experimental verification; - the universality of many of the principles on which biological evolution is based; - the logical connection between structure and function; - the transferability of principles and knowledge from model organisms to organisms of agricultural interest; - the importance of knowledge of other fundamental disciplines (e.g. mathematics, statistics, chemistry) for the correct interpretation of the results of a biological experimentation; - the importance of using appropriate and specific language in the exposition; - the importance of comparison and verification of knowledge (between learners and learner-teacher). - CEOLONI Carla (syllabus) - Introduction to Genetics. - The genetic material: chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids. Chromatin and chromosomes; structure of eukaryotic chromosome. - DNA replication. - From DNA to proteins: transcription; genetic code; translation and protein synthesis. - Control of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. - Brief outline of genomics: size, types of sequences and organization of eukaryotic genomes (examples of sequenced animal and plant genomes, as compared to prokaryotic genomes). Chromosomes and chromatin; structure of the eukaryotic chromosome, karyotypes; chromatin organization: nucleosomes and super-coiling and effect on transcription; eu- and heterochromatin, banding. - Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. - Genetics and inheritance of simple traits: Mendel's laws - dominance and recessiveness, segregation in monohybrids and dihybrids, independent assortment, testcross, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and codominance. Chromosome theory of inheritance. - Linkage and recombination; genetic maps. - Mutations: point mutations; chromosome rearrangements, transposable elements, genomic variations: polyploidy, aploidy, aneuploidy. - Brief outline of genetics of quantitative traits: continuous variation, mean and variance. Experiments by Nilsson-Ehle and Emerson-East. Heritability estimates, response to selection. (reference books) Advised textbook: Russell PJ .: Genetics - A molecular approach, Pearson publisher (or similar textbooks, preferably by the same author)	6	AGR/07	42	6	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14790 - Principles of Agriculture Economics (objectives) To learn the basic elements to understand how the economic system works, the ways in which prices are formed, how markets works and the reasons for their "failure". To learn also the essential elements of the economy of the firm. - SENNI Saverio (syllabus) Theories and models in economics • The market mechanism • Individual and aggregate demand • The offer of the single company is aggregated • Market equilibrium and its alterations • Substitute and complementary goods • Price of supply and demand • Income elasticity of demand • State intervention: taxes and regulated prices • Elements of production theory: the production function, • Types and classification of production costs • Implicit, explicit and opportunity cost • Fixed and variable costs, average cost and marginal cost • Maximum profit of the company in perfect competition • Externalities • Public goods (reference books) Gregory MANKIW, Essential of Economics or other equivalent text	6	AGR/01	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14791 - Biology and breeding of domestic animals
- Zootecnica speciale: tecnologie per l'allevamento (objectives) Knowledge and understanding To provide students with basic knowledge regarding the performance of livestock animals, their monitoring and management. In particular, students are expected to gain basic knowledge on animal welfare, environmental impact of livestock farms, genetic improvement, nutrition and breeding techniques. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge gained will enable the student to have a greater awareness of the main breeding systems, which will also include aspects related to their management. Making judgements The skills and knowledge acquired will ensure that the student will embark on a path aimed at acquiring judgment skills in order to make reasoned choices in the field of animal husbandry. Communication skills The knowledge gained by the student will enable him or her to communicate with other stakeholders (breeders, zoonomi, agronomists, veterinarians, etc.). Learning skills The skills acquired will enable the student to learn from past experiences through the development of his or her own critical capacity that will allow for greater flexibility in the various professional contexts he or she will face. - LACETERA Nicola (syllabus) Parameters and indices of zootechnical interest: growth, reproduction and lactation. The intrinsic quality of products of animal origin. Animal welfare. The environmental impact of breeding activities. Genetic improvement of farm animals. Notions of nutrition and feeding of farm animals. The breeding of dairy cattle. Pig breeding. Breeding of poultry species. (reference books) - Sandrucci A., Trevisi, E. 2022. Produzioni animali. EdiSES Edizioni S.r.l., Napoli. - Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. 2009. Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici. Edagricole, Bologna. - Fondamenti di Zootecnia. Miglioramento genetico, Nutrizione e Alimentazione. 2007. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Tecniche di Produzione Animale. 2005. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Materiale messo a disposizione dal docente.	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Biologia animale e zootecnia generale (objectives) Knowledge and understanding Students will have to acquire the main elements regarding the physiology and anatomy of livestock as well as elements of general zootechnics. Specifically, they will acquire knowledge on the anatomy and functioning of the main organs, tissues and systems that make up the body of livestock, on livestock demography and on the main species and breeds raised. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge acquired will allow the student to have a greater awareness and understanding of the different zootechnical disciplines in the university and professional fields. Making judgements The skills and knowledge acquired in practice will guarantee the student the ability to make good judgment in order to make reasoned choices in the specific sector. Communication skills The knowledge acquired by the student will allow him to have a correct communication ability with other stakeholders (breeders, veterinarians, agronomists, etc.). Learning skills The skills acquired by the student will allow him to learn from past experiences through the development of his own critical capacity which will allow greater flexibility in the different professional contexts he will find himself facing. - Vitali Andrea (syllabus) Levels of organization of the animal body: concept of cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus. Elements of morphology and physiology of the main tissues. Morpho-functional aspects of the Skeletal, Articular and Muscular System. Digestive system of monogastric and polygastric animals; Male and female reproductive systems; Mammary gland and lactation physiology. Endocrine system, Physiology of thermoregulation. Immune response. Natural and instrumental mating, innovative biotechnology of reproduction. Body conformation, production attitudes/capacity and distribution of the main livestock species and breeds. (reference books) Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. - Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici, Edagricole Bologna Bittante G. , I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin, Tecniche di produzione animale, Liviana Editrice, Padova Aguggini G., Beghelli V., Giulio L.F. Fisiologia degli Animali Domestici con Elementi di Etologia. UTET, Torino	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14799 - Optional Subject	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA
14774 - Physiology and Principles of Plant Biotechnology (objectives) The course aims to provide the fundamental bases of plant physiology and biotechnology as well as to facilitate their learning. - Savatin Daniel Valentin (syllabus) General characteristics of the plant Cell wall: composition, structure and functions. Plasmodesmata: structure and function. Vacuole: structure and functions. Transport of water and solutes Water and plant: water importance for the plant. Water characteristics. Water movement from the ground to the atmosphere: diffusion, mass flow and osmosis. Electrochemical potential of water and water potential. Components of water potential. Use of water potential and experimental methods for measuring water potential (psychrometer and pressure chamber). The movement of water in the plant: anatomy of the xylem; radical absorption; root pressure; transpiration; relative humidity; stomata and stomatal regulation. Theory of tension-cohesion. Absorption of solutes: plasma membrane. Active and passive transport. Potential of Nerst (outline). Channels: carriers and pumps; K+ channel and sucrose-proton carrier. Photosynthesis and phloem transport Photosynthesis: light-dependent reactions and carbon reactions. Biosynthesis of starch and sucrose. Photorespiration. Photoinhibition. Site of action of diuron and paraquat herbicides. CO2 concentration mechanisms: C4 plants and CAM plants. Transpiration ratio. The transport of photosynthates: phloem anatomy; characteristics of phloem transport; definition of source and sink organs. Phloem loading and unloading. Pressure flow hypothesis. Assimilate allocation and distribution. Growth, development and defence Importance of light as an environmental signal. Plant responses regulated by blue light and red light. Action spectrum and absorption spectrum. Skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Photoreceptors. Phytochrome characteristics: pr and pfr forms of phytochromes; phytochrome function and its role in the shadow perception in heliophilous plants; importance of the phytochrome in seed germination; photoperiodism; long- and short-day plants. Importance of night duration in the photoperiodic response; demonstration of the phytochrome involvement in the photoperiodic response. Vernalization. Signal perception in leaves. Plant hormones: what is and how a plant hormone acts. Physiological aspects of hormonal activities: multiple responses induced by different hormones. Auxins: auxin polar transport; cell distension and the acid growth hypothesis; phototropism. Gibberellins: induction of alpha-amylase in seed germination; growth of the stem (cell distension) and effect on the cell wall. Cytokinins: stimulation of cell division. Abscisic acid: regulation of stomata the closure. Ethylene: regulation of fruit ripening. Brassinosteroids (brief). The defence response of plants: secondary metabolites; constitutive and induced defence responses, including the acquired systemic response (outline). Plant biotechnology Plant biotechnology: definition. Essential steps for the production of transgenic plants. Importance of knowledge of physiological processes for the manipulation of the traits of interest: Case study: fruit softening process in tomato. GM plant cultivation. (reference books) Recommended textbooks Taiz L. and Zeiger E. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2013), Piccin Rascio et al. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2012), EdiSES Pupillo P., Cervone F., Cresti M, Rascio N., 2003. Biologia vegetale. Zanichelli Teaching material provided by the professor	6	BIO/04	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15180 - Agronomy (objectives)

- Casa Raffaele (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/02

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15184 - Horticulture and Floriculture (objectives)

- COLLA Giuseppe (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/04

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Insegnamenti di profilo - (show)

15185 - Agrochemistry (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate mastership of general scientific principles and methods as well as the acquisition of some specific professional knowledge. The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge on the chemical, physical and biochemical processes functioning within soil systems particularly focusing on the chemical composition and fertility of soil materials. The student is thus expected to be able to define the chemical factors influencing the fate of elements (contaminant and nutrient) within soils and the soil-plant-system. In particular, based on chemical and physical characteristics of soils, the student is expected to evaluate its fertility and interpret the data. - ASTOLFI Stefania (syllabus) Soil The definition of soil The components of soil The physical properties of soil Texture Structure Density and porosity Consistency, temperature, colour Movement of water in the soil Water-soil relationships Water potential in the soil Available water in the soil The movement of water in the soil The physico-chemical properties of soil Cation and anion exchange Soil pH and its measurement Buffer power of soil Oxidation-reduction reactions Organic matter Constituents of organic matter Humic substances Humification Extraction of humic substances Immobilisation and mineralisation of organic matter The nutrient cycle in the soil-plant system The nutrients - macroelements - microelements Movement of nutrients towards the roots - interception - mass flow - diffusion Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur cycle: - reserves and forms - inputs - removals The rhizosphere Anomalous soils (reference books) Sequi P., Ciavatta C., Miano T. "Fondamenti di chimica del suolo" Pàtron Radaelli e Calamai "Chimica del terreno" Piccin Sequi "Chimica del suolo" Patron Hand-outs from lessons	6	AGR/13	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
15188 - Animal welfare and health and environmental impact of livestock (objectives) Provide students with knowledge to prevent and evaluate the establishment of conditions of poor well-being and health in farm animals. Provide students with knowledge on the environmental impact of livestock farming activities. Provide students with knowledge on the legislative context of reference in the fields of animal health and welfare and environmental impact of livestock farming. - LACETERA Nicola (syllabus) ANIMAL WELFARE: definitions; critical points; indicators; regulations referring to breeding, transport and slaughter. ANIMAL HEALTH: notions of epidemiology; causes of illness; communicable diseases; spread of diseases; prophylaxis, prevention, control and eradication; main diseases of ruminants, pig, horse and avian species. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANIMAL BREEDING ACTIVITIES: sustainable development concept; environmental impact upstream of the farm; environmental impact of farming activities; environmental impact downstream of the farm; structural, food and management strategies to reduce the environmental impact of farming activities. (reference books) - Nicola Montemurro. 2002. Igiene zootecnica. Come favorire la salute e il benessere degli animali in allevamento. Il Sole 24 Ore Edagricole. - Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali. 2001. Liquami zootecnici. Manuale per l'utilizzazione agronomica. Edizioni L'Informatore Agrario. - Material made available by the teacher.	6	AGR/19	34	-	6	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
16318 - Landuse planning lab (objectives) The course aims at the learning of territorial planning principles with a systemic approach considering the socio-ecological complexity of urban, industrial and rural systems, their impacts and interactions on at landscape scale. The teaching, carried out largely in practical mode, is aimed at students acquiring the ability to analyze and evaluate the systems under study through a spatial approach and GIS tools. Furthermore, the interaction between students in groups aimed at problem-solving in decision-making processes will be stimulated. - PETROSELLI ANNA RITA (syllabus) Hints of traditional and digital cartography Photointerpretation and Applications Graphic and Digital Representation (QGIS) Territorial Planning: Tools, Plans, Constraints Territorial Analysis. SWOT analysis Systems and models of analysis Applications of analysis systems Exercise on a topic chosen during the course of study (reference books) Handouts distributed during the lessons	6	ICAR/20	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17589 - Quality certification of plant production and processes - CAMPIGLIA Enio (syllabus) 1- General aspects on the quality and safety of vegetable production 2 - Quality in vegetable production 3 - The different forms of quality 4 - The certification 5 - The labeling 6 - Quality in the farm 7 - Biological and biodynamic production (outline) 8 - Integrated agriculture 9 - Certifications of origin 10 - The hygienic-sanitary quality - HACCP (outline) 11 - European quality certifications - GlobalGap 12 - ISO standards Certifications for vegetarians and vegans (outline) 13 – ISO standards (outline) (reference books) - Ferrucci D. 2018. La certificazione dei prodotti biologici. Un analisi tecnico-giuridica del segno e dei contenuti. Edizione Associazione di Agraria.org. pp. 117 - Ferrucci D. 2020. Qualità e certificazione dei prodotti agroalimentari. Edizione Associazione di Agraria.org. pp. 127 - Ferrucci D., Passeri N., Salusti P. 2022. Esercizi di Filiera Corta. Edizione Associazione di Agraria.org. pp. 127 Lecture notes and teaching material provided during the course.	6	AGR/02	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

15179 - Agricultural Hydraulics and Mechanisation

15179-1 - Ingegneria delle acque (objectives)

- PETROSELLI Andrea (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/08

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15179-2 - Meccanica agraria (objectives)

- MONARCA Danilo (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/09

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15193 - Training stage

Other activities

ITA

Second semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15181 - Rural Tectonics and topography (objectives)

- Derived from 118629_2 Costruzioni forestali e rilievo del territorio in Gestione sostenibile delle foreste e del verde urbano L-25 Marucci Alvaro

AGR/10

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15182 - Herbaceous crops

- CAMPIGLIA Enio (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/02

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15183 - Pomology (objectives)

- MULEO Rosario (syllabus)

The tree as a complex biological system which integrates organs and functions, with properties to adapt to the ambient. Organography of cultivated fruit crop species. The correlative relationships among organs and development of the tree's epigeal organs and growth patterns. Natural skeleton and architecture of canopy of tree crop plants, determinism of form and size. The role of anthropic actions on fruit culture and evolution of forms of cultivated canopies. Physiognomy and development of root systems.
Physiological and genetic regulation of flowering: factors controlling flower morphogenesis and fruit set. Sterility and self-incompatibility in fruit tree plants. Fruit development and ripening: growth patterns, biochemical dynamic of fruit components. Fruit quality characteristics of different species; ripening indexes and evaluation methods of quality parameters.
Fruit tree crop canopies managements: pruning and tilling techniques for controlling fruit development and ripening.
Physiological and genetic molecular bases and techniques of adventitious rooting and agamic fruit crop propagation. Organization of nursery and control of true-to-type identity and sanity.
Plant and environment interaction. The concept of environmental vocation and suitability and hints of eco-physiology (role of environmental factors in the development of the tree). The use of environmental resources in the cultivation technique (water, fertility elements, light). Soil management techniques. Fruit quality and the influence of terroir. Conventional and sustainable production models. The orchard system, training management and functional diversity. Multifunctionality of tree production systems.
Monographic treatment of the main tree crops: vine, olive, actinidia, stone fruit, pome fruit, chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, citrus and minor fruit trees. For each species are synthetically considered: botanical and biological peculiarities; pedo-climatic needs; cultivation problems; varietal panorama; propagation; cultivation techniques (planting, foliage, ripening and post-harvest management).

(reference books)

AGR/03

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Insegnamenti di profilo - (show)

15187 - Livestock Feeding and Nutrition (objectives) In line with the educational objectives of the CdL in 'Agricultural and Environmental Sciences' the teaching given has the general objective of acquiring knowledge on the nutritional principles of feeds and on the bases of feeding of animals in livestock production. Expected learning outcomes At the end of the course, students will be able to: - know the nutritional and nutritional value of food (feed and fodder) intended for animal feed; - evaluate food for animals also through chemical analyzes; - set up the calculation of a ration for ruminates and monogastrics. - BERNABUCCI Umberto (syllabus) Course program: 1. Feed and nutritional principles 2. Evaluation of feed for zootechnical use 3. Feeds to. Fodder b. Concentrate 4. Rationing: theoretical and practical bases 5. Seminars held by experts on specific topics 6. Exercises on the farm: visit to agro-zootechnical farms 7. Laboratory exercises: feed analysis (reference books) Power point files: Moodle - DropBox ANTONGIOVANNI M., GUALTIERI M. Nutrizione e alimentazione animale, Il Sole 24 Ore Edagricole, Bologna, 1998. ANTONGIOVANNI M. Nutrizione degli animali in produzione zootecnica, Edagricole, Bologna, 2004. Nutrizione e Alimentazione del cane e del gatto, Edagricole, Bologna, 2021. Manuale di nutrizione dei ruminanti da latte, EdiSESS Università, Napoli, 2020. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding, 5th Edition, Wilson G. Pond, David B. Church et al., WileyCDA, December 2004 INRA feeding system for ruminants, Wageningen Academic. Editors: Daniel Sauvant, Luc Delaby, Pierre Nozière, Published: 2017 Pages: 300 ISBN: 978-90-8686-292-4	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
16319 - Landscape architecture lab - Ripa Maria Nicolina (syllabus) Landscape: definitions and regulatory framework (national and European law) Landscape plan Methods and tools for landscape analysis Landscape dynamics Landscape structural and functional analysis Elements of environmental design Ecological networks, Vegetated Filter Strips, Ecological infrastructures) Elements of drawing and design (reference books) Notes provided by professor	6	ICAR/15	24	-	24	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17590 - Quality certification of animal production and processes (objectives) a) Educational Goals In line with the educational objectives of the degree course in 'Agricultural and Environmental Sciences' teaching imparted to students who choose the profile 'Certification of product quality and agricultural processes', has the general objective to acquire basic knowledge and application on concept of total quality of food of animal origin and the certification systems. b) Expected results At the end, students will be able to: - Recognize and discuss the parameters that express the concepts of total quality; - Be able to understand what environmental and genetic factors are responsible for the quality changes; - Gain knowledge about systems of certification and traceability of animal products. - Danieli Pierpaolo (syllabus) As for the theme of the “Quality and the certification of animal food products”, the programme is organized aroud the following points: - evolution of the concept of quality for the animal food products; - intrinsic quality (bromatological, nutritional, organoleptic, technological and safety-related); - extrinsic quality (animal welfare, environmental impact of livestock farming and industry) of animal food product; - relevant issues and study cases for the main animal food products: eggs, meat, milk and dairy products, seafoods, hive products and insects for feed/food; (reference books) Study materials suggested: - Mele M., Pulina G., - Alimenti di origine animale e salute. - EDITORE Francoangeli, 2016. - Bernardi E., Capri E., Pulina G. -La sostenibilità delle carni e dei salumi in Italia. Salute, sicurezza, ambiente, benessere animale, economia circolare e lotta allo spreco. -EDITORE Francoangeli, 2018. - Contessi A., Le api. Biologia, allevamento, prodotti – Edagricole - EFSA, 2021. Safety of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA Journal. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6343 Other study materials can be suggested by the teacher at lesson.	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
119060 - . (objectives) Course objectives The course of Ecology and Agroecology principles aims to provide basic applying knowledge and understanding tools for the analysis of agroecosystems through a systemic approach. The course aims to provide the main agroecology tools including a basic knowledge of general ecology. The knowledge gained in the course aim to provide learning skills, skillsm making judgements, communication skills in analysis, design and management of sustainable agricultural systems studied in his systematic unit. - MANCINELLI Roberto (syllabus) Course contents Lectures in the class: 40 hours. Origins of Ecology as scientific discipline. Systemic approach to ecological scince as bridge between the disciplines. The holistic application to reality: the concept of ecosystem. The organization of the living organisms. The ecosystem: structure, components, interactions, ecological successions, seral and climax stages, organisms and their functions, ecological niche, etc. Analysis of ecological systems and ecological efficiencies between and within the trophic levels. Classes of systems: natural and anthropogenic, relations between ecosystem and agroecosystem. Resources: the agricultural meteorology and climatology references and relationships between climate factors and living organisms. Systemic approach applied to the agricultural world: the concept of agro-ecosystem; agroecosystem properties (productivity, stability, sustainability). The farm as agro-ecosystem. Energy transfers and rationalization of input auxiliary energy in the agroecosystems. Influence of agronomic interventions on biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. Soil carbon fluxes in different cropping systems. Importance of legume species in the agroecosystems. Environmental effects related to the water cycle. The management of agro-ecosystems for reducting the erosion and for defense of soil fertility. Importance of the agroecosystem biodiversity and mixed farming for soil fertility. Importance of structural complexity between and within the fields: hedges and polyculture. Relations between agriculture and society: traditional farming systems, conventional and alternative. Environmental impact of agriculture: pollution and loss of biodiversity. The diffusion of pollutants from agricultural sources in the environment. The organic and ecological agriculture: legislative nods and agrotechnical applications aimed at reducing negative environmental impacts. Field exercises: 8 hours. Some concrete situations will be observed on field of aspects dealt in classroom concerning some agronomic applications addressed to the sustainable management of agroecosystems. (reference books) - Lesson slides, available on Dropbox at link provided by the teacher, - Caporali F., Campiglia E., Mancinelli R., 2010. Agroecologia: Teoria e pratica degli agroecosistemi. De Agostini Scuola SpA, Novara. 222 pp. ISBN: 978-88-251-7352-9. - Bullini L., Pignatti S., Virzo De Santo A., 1998. Ecologia generale. UTET, Torino. 519 pp.	6	AGR/02	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15190 - Crop Protection

15190-1 - Entomologia agraria (objectives)

- Rossini Luca (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/11

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15023 - Agrarian Industries (objectives)

- Liburdi Katia (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/15

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15191 - Agricultural Economics (objectives)

- DONO Gabriele (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/01

Related or supplementary learning activities

ITA

Optional group: Laboratorio di profilo - (show)

16391 - Geographic Information system lab (objectives)

- Recanatesi Fabio (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/10

Other activities

ITA

Second semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15190 - Crop Protection

15190-2 - Patologia vegetale (objectives)

- BALESTRA Giorgio mariano (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/12

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15189 - Rural appraisal (objectives)

- COLETTA Attilio (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/01

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Laboratorio di profilo - (show)

15194 - Energy and environment lab (objectives)

The fundamental objective of the "Energy and Environment Laboratory" course is to provide the student with the knowledge and technical and practical skills for the choice, rough sizing and development of plant solutions aimed at producing energy from renewable energy sources. .
1) knowledge and understanding: the expected learning outcomes are the knowledge of the criteria and strategies aimed at choosing, analyzing and optimizing aspects related to energy and the environment, with a view to sustainable development ;
2) applied knowledge and understanding: theoretical and practical notions associated with the energy cycle, with the types of fossil fuels compared to those from renewable sources with obvious references to the dynamics of environmental pollution, biomass, biochemical processes of energy production (biochemical processes, in particular anaerobic digestion with biogas upgrading and thermochemical processes, in particular the gasification process), geothermal energy with low enthalpy plants, solar energy (both thermal and photovoltaic), bioliquids and biofuels. In addition, the practical tools typically needed in the energy characterization of biomasses at accredited laboratories will be discussed;
3) independent judgment: at the end of the course the student will have practical and theoretical notions relating to the main types of plants for the exploitation of renewable energy sources, strengthening the skills already developed in the three-year degree course and having the ability to solve related problems to issues, even new ones or which require multidisciplinary approaches, in any case deriving from the sector under study.
4) communication skills: at the end of the course the student will be able to communicate his conclusions in a clear and unambiguous way to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors operating in the renewable energy sector;
5) ability to learn: among the expected results is the student's development of a learning ability that allows him to deepen the issues addressed independently, adapting to the needs he will encounter in the workplace.

- Derived from 15194 Laboratorio energia e ambiente in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 CARLINI Maurizio (syllabus) (reference books)

ING-IND/09

Other activities

ITA

15192 - Final examination

Final examination and foreign language test

ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

17009 - English language B2 - Derived from 119638 Lingua inglese B2 in BIOTECNOLOGIE PER LA SICUREZZA E LA QUALITA' AGRO-ALIMENTARE (LM-7) LM-7 HOBSON Julie anne	6		48	-	-	-	-	ITA
18353 - d	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-		ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-		ITA
119343 - Forest ecology	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-		ITA
118339 - Relevant bacterial plant diseases	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-		ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Legislation and case studies for professional agronomists - COLETTA Attilio - Cardarelli Alberto	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	- -	ITA
15099 - Computer Aided Design - ARCANGELETTI ETTORE	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-		ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-		ITA
118344 - Forest soils	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-		ITA

Biotecnologie agrarie

Percorso STANDARD

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14618 - Mathematics and principles of physics (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide mathematical and physical formalization and modeling tools, which can be used in various application contexts. The expected learning outcomes are as follows. 1. Knowledge and understanding: knowing and understanding the mathematical models, the laws of physics and the algorithmic methods used in the description and solution of application problems. 2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: to be able to solve application problems using the methods studied. 3. Autonomy of judgment: knowing how to use the acquired knowledge to express autonomous evaluation in the different application contexts. 4. Communication skills: acquire the rigorous language typical of mathematics and physics to communicate clearly and without ambiguity with specialist and non-specialist interlocutors. 5. Learning skills: develop adequate skills that allow you to autonomously explore mathematical and physical issues in the contexts in which you will be working. - Nobili Paolo (syllabus) MATHEMATICS Elements of Combinatorics: Arrangements, permutations and simple combinations, binomial coefficients, definitions and properties. Matrices and Determinants: Definitions and properties of matrices, diagonal matrices, transposed, opposite and inverse matrices. Operations on matrices, determinants, Laplace's theorems, Sarrus' rule, general properties of determinants, minor and rank or characteristic of a matrix. Systems of Linear Equations: Generalities on systems of linear equations, Rouchè-Capelli theorem, Cramer's theorem, systems of m equations in n unknowns, homogeneous systems. Real Variable Functions: Trigonometric functions, compound functions, inverse functions, limits of a function, theorems on limits, the uniqueness of the limit, theorem of the permanence of the sign, theorem of comparison, limit of the sum, of the product, of the quotient, etc. .. of functions, notable limits. Continuous Functions: Definitions and first properties, continuity, Neper's number, maxima and minima, inverse function. Derivatives: Definition and geometric meaning of the derivative, operations on derivatives and derivation rules, derivation of trigonometric functions, derivation of compound and inverse functions, differentiability and continuity, differential, successive derivatives, relative maxima and minima, asymptotes, concavity and convexity, inflections, graphs of functions. Theorems of Rolle, Cauchy, Lagrange, De L'Hopital, indeterminate forms. Trascendent Functions: Inverse trigonometric functions, logarithm function, exponential function, hyperbolic functions. Imtegration: Indefinite integral, definition and properties, relationship between integrability and derivability, immediate integrals, definite integral. ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS Description of reality: models, theories, laws and measures; The international system of measurement; Scalar quantities and vector quantities; sum and difference of vectors; decomposition of vectors along assigned directions; dot product, vector product, mixed product. Kinematics: Generality. Motion of the material point. Coordinate systems. Linear speed and acceleration. Uniform and varied circular motion; speed and angular acceleration. Dynamics: Newton's laws (I, II and III) and their applications. Dynamics of the material point. Friction forces. Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces. Potential energy; conservation of energy. Power. dissipative forces. Momentum and its conservation; bumps and their classification. Motion of rigid systems and equilibrium conditions. Moment of inertia and angular momentum for rotations about a fixed axis; moment of forces; second cardinal law of system mechanics. Kinetic energy; rolling and the role of friction. Work and Power. Fluids: Fluid statics and applications. Fluid dynamics: flow, law of conservation of flow. Bernoulli's theorem and applications. Real fluids: surface tension and capillarity. (reference books) A. M. Bigatti, L. Robbiano. Matematica di base. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana (Milano). D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker. Fondamenti di Fisica. (Volume I, Meccanica e Termologia). Casa Editrice Ambrosiana (Milano).	8	MAT/05	48	16	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17863 - Organic chemistry and principles of general chemistry (objectives) The course is structured to provide students with a basic knowledge of general chemistry and organic chemistry and to achieve the following learning objectives: 1) Knowledge and ability to understand: to provide a basic knowledge of the structure, nomenclature, properties and reactivity of the main inorganic and organic compounds. 2) Applied knowledge and understanding: to develop the ability to connect the course topics and also to be able to explain phenomena related to everyday life issues. 3) Autonomy of judgement: develop the ability to analyse data, interpret them and solve exercises. 4) Communication skills: to develop the ability to describe the topics covered with properties of language, clarity of exposition, ability to synthesise, critical sense. 5) Learning skills: learning the tools to be used for problem solving. - BERNINI Roberta (syllabus) The course program includes two parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of General Chemistry, useful for understanding the second part of the course, devoted to Organic Chemistry, which is the predominant part of the course. The following are the topics covered. (1) Elements of General Chemistry. Atoms. Isotopes. Orbitals. Electronic configuration of the elements. Periodic table. Periodic properties. Valence electrons. Rule of the octet. Chemical bonds. Moles. Avogadro's number. Balancing of chemical reactions. Chemical behaviour of the most common inorganic compounds. Stoichiometric calculations. Solutions. Units of concentration measurement. Dilution and mixing of solutions. Colligative properties. Theories of acids and bases. Strong and weak acids and bases. pH. Oxidation-reduction reactions. (2) Organic Chemistry. Classes of compounds. Functional groups. Hybridization. Alkanes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Structural isomers. Conformational isomers. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Cis-trans isomers, E/Z. Alkynes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Halogenated compounds: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aromatic hydrocarbons: structure, nomenclature and properties. Huckel rule. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene derivatives. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Alcohols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Phenols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Ethers: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aldehydes and ketones: structure, nomenclature and properties. Carboxylic acids: structure, nomenclature and properties. Saturated and unsaturated fats. Dicarboxylic acids. Acidity. Amines: structure, nomenclature and properties. Heterocyclic amines. Basicity. Stereoisomerism. Enantiomers and diasteromers. Chiral carbon. Properties of chiral molecules. Notation R, S. Reactions in organic chemistry. Carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, peptides, proteins, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids: structure, nomenclature and properties. (reference books) It is recommended to study the topics of the course using the lecturer's slides, made available on the Moodle platform, deepening the topics and doing the exercises available in the textbooks. The proposed texts are as follows: (1) Fondamenti di Chimica Generale - R. Chang, K. Goldsby, McGraw-Hill Education (2) Chimica Organica Essenziale - B. Botta, Edi-ermes	8	CHIM/06	64	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17937 - Botany (objectives) The course aims to provide the basic knowledge of the main botanical disciplines in a single teaching with reference to the agricultural context and therefore also with a preparatory purpose for the future acquisition of knowledge and skills and applied understanding in the management of plant production. It also aims to encourage motivation to study and interest in biological subject related to botany and plant science, to refine an efficient study method, to promote critical analysis, judgements making, in-depth analysis, independent study, correct finding of literature sources and to foster communication skills. - SANTI Luca (syllabus) The course is structured into three main sections: the first focuses on the basic aspects of plant biology, the second on plant diversity and the evolutionary relationships of plants and the third on the botanical aspects of the main crops. During the course two practical classes are also are planned. In the first section after an introduction on the general concepts of cytology, peculiarities of the plant cell are illustrated, then the different levels of organization are addressed, the morphological and anatomical structure of plants, the mechanisms of development and reproduction, highlighting the relationship between cytological, histological and morphological aspects. In particular at cellular level the following topics will be discussed: the plant cell, the cell wall, the cytoskeleton, the endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus), the vacuole, plastids and the nucleus including also cell cycle and an introduction to mitosis and meiosis. At tissue level, meristematic, parenchymal, mechanical, tegumental, conducting, and secretory tissues, while at the organ level, the stem, leaf and root. Finally, reproduction, seeds and fruits are addressed at organisms level. In the second part, devoted to plant diversity, is illustrated in detail the theory of evolution and the main lines of evolution of the plant kingdom with particular reference to the main morphological, biological, phylogenetic and adaptive aspects of plants. In particular this section of the course covers the main general features, modality of reproduction and systematic of the major plant evolutionary lines: cyanobacteria, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms, both dicotyledons and monocotyledons. The third section considers the botanical aspects of the major crop plants grown in Italy (wheat, rice, tomato, olive, apple, corn, potato, vitis and citrus fruits) but also abroad (soybean, cotton and canola). In this section plants as producers of bioactive molecules, plants as environmental purifiers and plants producing allergens are also shortly introduced. The course also includes a guided visit to the University Botanical Garden "Angelo Rambelli", the visit is intended to illustrate the importance of Botanical Gardens and the underlying principles followed in their design and establishment, particular importance is reserved to explaination of the different recreated biomes. (reference books) Botanica generale e diversità vegetale. Gabriella Pasqua, Giovanna Abbate, Cinzia Forni. Piccin For insights: Biologia delle piante di Raven. Ray F Evert, Susan E Eichhorn. Zanichelli	8	BIO/03	60	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14789 - English Language (objectives) EDUCATIONAL AIMS: The course aims to develop language skills at a pre-intermediate level (B1 in The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), focusing on building essential grammatical and lexical foundations. Lectures are partly organised in in-class practice tests coherent with the International Preliminary English Test (PET). A selection of scientific texts, uploaded to the Moodle page of the course, will be analyzed so that to build lexical knowledge and debating skills related to Natural Sciences subjects. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The student can: - understand texts that consist mainly of high-frequency everyday or job-related language; - understand the description of events, feelings, and wishes in personal letters; - understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters; - enter into a conversation on topics that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life; - connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and events, his/her dreams, hopes and ambitions; - briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions related to scientific topics as well; - write simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest; - write personal letters describing experiences and impressions, and short stories sticking to specific hints. - HERNANDEZ BORRAYO Elizabeth (syllabus) PROGRAM:: B1 Grammar topics These are topics you need to study to pass an exam at the B1 level, such as Cambridge English Preliminary: Adverbs Both, either, neither A broader range of intensifiers; So, such, too, enough Comparatives and superlatives Question tags Conditionals: 0, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Connecting words expressing cause and effect, contrast, etc. (Linking words) Embedded questions Future (present simple, present continuous, going to+verb, will/shall), Will and going to, for prediction Modals - must/can’t, a deduction Modals – might, may, will, probably Modals – should have/might have/etc Modals: must/have to Present simple/present continuous Past simple/Past continuous Present Perfect/Past perfect Present/Future and Past tense responses Phrasal verbs, extended Prepositions of place and movement Present perfect continuous Present perfect/past simple Reported speech (range of tenses) Passive and Active voice: simple passive Wh- questions in the present, future, and past You can also see which grammar topics are associated with other CEF levels. Vocabulary Topics All the words in this section are in the Cambridge PET word list. These are the important words you need to know to pass an exam at B1 level. Appliances \| Buildings \| Clothes \| Colours \| Education \| Entertainment and Media \| Environment \| Food and Drink \| Health, Medicine and Exercise \| Hobbies and Leisure \| House and Home \| Language \| Personal Feelings, Opinions and Experiences \| Places: Countryside \| Places: Town and City \| Services \| Shopping \| Sport \| Technology and Communications \| The Natural World \| Travel and Transport \| Weather \| Work and Jobs Vocabulary learning tips Read as much as possible. If you come across a word you don't know, write it down or look it up. Use a dictionary. Many browsers include dictionaries. If you are reading online, you may be able to right-click on a word to look it up. Sign up for a 'word a day' email. Think of ways of remembering words. Do they sound like a word in your own language? Remember words are often used together with other words. Try to learn these 'collocations'. (reference books) Bibliography - Texts: 1. Barbara Centi (Autore). "ECOF@RMING. Farming practices for a Green World", ISBN 99788820366421. HOEPLI Editore. 2. Helen Stephenson (Autore), Paul Dummett (Autore), John Hughes, "LIFE PRE-INTERMEDIATE 2nd. Edition". Student's book and workbook; Student's book Build Up con CD, DVD-ROM, con e-book e con espansione online e contenuto digitale per download e accesso on line. Editore: ELI, Collana:Inglese corsi ESP, Data di Pubblicazione:2018, EAN:9788853625144, ISBN:8853625147 - (3 Books). 3. Raymond Murphy (Author), Lelio Pallini (Author); "Essential Grammar in Use, con soluzioni ed eBook, Quarta edizione. Grammatica di base della lingua inglese". ISBN 9781316509029. 4. B1 Preliminary for Schools practice tests, for Revised exam from 2020 con CD-Audio e file audio per il download. ISBN 9788853627872. Editore: ELI, Collana: Certificazioni, Data di Pubblicazione:2020. EAN: 9788853627872, ISBN: 8853627875. 176 pages. 5. Dispense di Grammatica livello A2-B1+. "Bringing National Geographic to Life" - https://eltngl.com/sites/Life2e/NGLandLife	6	L-LIN/12	48	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14787 - Agricultural Genetics (objectives) The AGRICULTURAL GENETICS course aims to provide the information necessary for understanding the theoretical and experimental bases of classical and modern genetics, with particular reference to: 1) structure and function of the hereditary material (DNA, genes, chromosomes and genomes), both in model organisms and of agricultural interest; 2) flow of genetic information (from DNA to proteins) and its regulation; 3) chromosomal bases of heredity (chromosome structure; cell cycle; mitosis; meiosis); 4) inheritance of simple and complex traits (Mendelian and quantitative genetics); 5) genetic variability as the basis for species evolution and genetic improvement (mutations, recombination, hybridization). These fundamental topics of biology (as well as genetics) will be treated in order to make it understood, among other things: - the temporal evolution of scientific thought that led to the discoveries; - the value of intuition and, at the same time, of experimental verification; - the universality of many of the principles on which biological evolution is based; - the logical connection between structure and function; - the transferability of principles and knowledge from model organisms to organisms of agricultural interest; - the importance of knowledge of other fundamental disciplines (e.g. mathematics, statistics, chemistry) for the correct interpretation of the results of a biological experimentation; - the importance of using appropriate and specific language in the exposition; - the importance of comparison and verification of knowledge (between learners and learner-teacher). - CEOLONI Carla (syllabus) - Introduction to Genetics. - The genetic material: chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids. Chromatin and chromosomes; structure of eukaryotic chromosome. - DNA replication. - From DNA to proteins: transcription; genetic code; translation and protein synthesis. - Control of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. - Brief outline of genomics: size, types of sequences and organization of eukaryotic genomes (examples of sequenced animal and plant genomes, as compared to prokaryotic genomes). Chromosomes and chromatin; structure of the eukaryotic chromosome, karyotypes; chromatin organization: nucleosomes and super-coiling and effect on transcription; eu- and heterochromatin, banding. - Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. - Genetics and inheritance of simple traits: Mendel's laws - dominance and recessiveness, segregation in monohybrids and dihybrids, independent assortment, testcross, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and codominance. Chromosome theory of inheritance. - Linkage and recombination; genetic maps. - Mutations: point mutations; chromosome rearrangements, transposable elements, genomic variations: polyploidy, aploidy, aneuploidy. - Brief outline of genetics of quantitative traits: continuous variation, mean and variance. Experiments by Nilsson-Ehle and Emerson-East. Heritability estimates, response to selection. (reference books) Advised textbook: Russell PJ .: Genetics - A molecular approach, Pearson publisher (or similar textbooks, preferably by the same author)	6	AGR/07	42	6	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14790 - Principles of Agriculture Economics (objectives) To learn the basic elements to understand how the economic system works, the ways in which prices are formed, how markets works and the reasons for their "failure". To learn also the essential elements of the economy of the firm. - SENNI Saverio (syllabus) Theories and models in economics • The market mechanism • Individual and aggregate demand • The offer of the single company is aggregated • Market equilibrium and its alterations • Substitute and complementary goods • Price of supply and demand • Income elasticity of demand • State intervention: taxes and regulated prices • Elements of production theory: the production function, • Types and classification of production costs • Implicit, explicit and opportunity cost • Fixed and variable costs, average cost and marginal cost • Maximum profit of the company in perfect competition • Externalities • Public goods (reference books) Gregory MANKIW, Essential of Economics or other equivalent text	6	AGR/01	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14791 - Biology and breeding of domestic animals
- Zootecnica speciale: tecnologie per l'allevamento (objectives) Knowledge and understanding To provide students with basic knowledge regarding the performance of livestock animals, their monitoring and management. In particular, students are expected to gain basic knowledge on animal welfare, environmental impact of livestock farms, genetic improvement, nutrition and breeding techniques. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge gained will enable the student to have a greater awareness of the main breeding systems, which will also include aspects related to their management. Making judgements The skills and knowledge acquired will ensure that the student will embark on a path aimed at acquiring judgment skills in order to make reasoned choices in the field of animal husbandry. Communication skills The knowledge gained by the student will enable him or her to communicate with other stakeholders (breeders, zoonomi, agronomists, veterinarians, etc.). Learning skills The skills acquired will enable the student to learn from past experiences through the development of his or her own critical capacity that will allow for greater flexibility in the various professional contexts he or she will face. - LACETERA Nicola (syllabus) Parameters and indices of zootechnical interest: growth, reproduction and lactation. The intrinsic quality of products of animal origin. Animal welfare. The environmental impact of breeding activities. Genetic improvement of farm animals. Notions of nutrition and feeding of farm animals. The breeding of dairy cattle. Pig breeding. Breeding of poultry species. (reference books) - Sandrucci A., Trevisi, E. 2022. Produzioni animali. EdiSES Edizioni S.r.l., Napoli. - Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. 2009. Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici. Edagricole, Bologna. - Fondamenti di Zootecnia. Miglioramento genetico, Nutrizione e Alimentazione. 2007. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Tecniche di Produzione Animale. 2005. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Materiale messo a disposizione dal docente.	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Biologia animale e zootecnia generale (objectives) Knowledge and understanding Students will have to acquire the main elements regarding the physiology and anatomy of livestock as well as elements of general zootechnics. Specifically, they will acquire knowledge on the anatomy and functioning of the main organs, tissues and systems that make up the body of livestock, on livestock demography and on the main species and breeds raised. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge acquired will allow the student to have a greater awareness and understanding of the different zootechnical disciplines in the university and professional fields. Making judgements The skills and knowledge acquired in practice will guarantee the student the ability to make good judgment in order to make reasoned choices in the specific sector. Communication skills The knowledge acquired by the student will allow him to have a correct communication ability with other stakeholders (breeders, veterinarians, agronomists, etc.). Learning skills The skills acquired by the student will allow him to learn from past experiences through the development of his own critical capacity which will allow greater flexibility in the different professional contexts he will find himself facing. - Vitali Andrea (syllabus) Levels of organization of the animal body: concept of cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus. Elements of morphology and physiology of the main tissues. Morpho-functional aspects of the Skeletal, Articular and Muscular System. Digestive system of monogastric and polygastric animals; Male and female reproductive systems; Mammary gland and lactation physiology. Endocrine system, Physiology of thermoregulation. Immune response. Natural and instrumental mating, innovative biotechnology of reproduction. Body conformation, production attitudes/capacity and distribution of the main livestock species and breeds. (reference books) Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. - Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici, Edagricole Bologna Bittante G. , I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin, Tecniche di produzione animale, Liviana Editrice, Padova Aguggini G., Beghelli V., Giulio L.F. Fisiologia degli Animali Domestici con Elementi di Etologia. UTET, Torino	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14799 - Optional Subject	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA
14774 - Physiology and Principles of Plant Biotechnology (objectives) The course aims to provide the fundamental bases of plant physiology and biotechnology as well as to facilitate their learning. - Savatin Daniel Valentin (syllabus) General characteristics of the plant Cell wall: composition, structure and functions. Plasmodesmata: structure and function. Vacuole: structure and functions. Transport of water and solutes Water and plant: water importance for the plant. Water characteristics. Water movement from the ground to the atmosphere: diffusion, mass flow and osmosis. Electrochemical potential of water and water potential. Components of water potential. Use of water potential and experimental methods for measuring water potential (psychrometer and pressure chamber). The movement of water in the plant: anatomy of the xylem; radical absorption; root pressure; transpiration; relative humidity; stomata and stomatal regulation. Theory of tension-cohesion. Absorption of solutes: plasma membrane. Active and passive transport. Potential of Nerst (outline). Channels: carriers and pumps; K+ channel and sucrose-proton carrier. Photosynthesis and phloem transport Photosynthesis: light-dependent reactions and carbon reactions. Biosynthesis of starch and sucrose. Photorespiration. Photoinhibition. Site of action of diuron and paraquat herbicides. CO2 concentration mechanisms: C4 plants and CAM plants. Transpiration ratio. The transport of photosynthates: phloem anatomy; characteristics of phloem transport; definition of source and sink organs. Phloem loading and unloading. Pressure flow hypothesis. Assimilate allocation and distribution. Growth, development and defence Importance of light as an environmental signal. Plant responses regulated by blue light and red light. Action spectrum and absorption spectrum. Skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Photoreceptors. Phytochrome characteristics: pr and pfr forms of phytochromes; phytochrome function and its role in the shadow perception in heliophilous plants; importance of the phytochrome in seed germination; photoperiodism; long- and short-day plants. Importance of night duration in the photoperiodic response; demonstration of the phytochrome involvement in the photoperiodic response. Vernalization. Signal perception in leaves. Plant hormones: what is and how a plant hormone acts. Physiological aspects of hormonal activities: multiple responses induced by different hormones. Auxins: auxin polar transport; cell distension and the acid growth hypothesis; phototropism. Gibberellins: induction of alpha-amylase in seed germination; growth of the stem (cell distension) and effect on the cell wall. Cytokinins: stimulation of cell division. Abscisic acid: regulation of stomata the closure. Ethylene: regulation of fruit ripening. Brassinosteroids (brief). The defence response of plants: secondary metabolites; constitutive and induced defence responses, including the acquired systemic response (outline). Plant biotechnology Plant biotechnology: definition. Essential steps for the production of transgenic plants. Importance of knowledge of physiological processes for the manipulation of the traits of interest: Case study: fruit softening process in tomato. GM plant cultivation. (reference books) Recommended textbooks Taiz L. and Zeiger E. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2013), Piccin Rascio et al. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2012), EdiSES Pupillo P., Cervone F., Cresti M, Rascio N., 2003. Biologia vegetale. Zanichelli Teaching material provided by the professor	6	BIO/04	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15180 - Agronomy (objectives) The objectives of the course of Agronomy are those of providing the students with the tools to understand and critically assess the functioning and the management of the agroecosystem and have an understanding of the expected effect on the system of the principal components of the typical husbandry pattern of arable and horticultural cropping systems. The course is structured into two parts. In the first part the functioning of the agroecosystem is analyzed, with the aim of providing a basic knowledge of the main aspects of the biophysical factors of the system, i.e. those related to climate, soil and water. In the second part, the operations typically carried out for the management of the agroecosystem are analyzed e.g. soil tillage, irrigation, fertilization, crop sequence and weed management. - Casa Raffaele (syllabus) First part: agroecosystems biophysical factors The agricultural crop (growth indices). Climate and agricultural crops: solar radiation; evapotranspiration; temeperature; rainfall; effective rainfall. Cultivated and natural soils: definition, functions, composition; soil profile; fertility and productivity. Soil texture and particle size distribution: stony soils; sandy soils; silty soils; clay soils; loam. Soil structure: general aspects and structure types; role of soil structure; assemblage and size of aggregates; stability of aggregates; porosity; factors acting on soil structure. Soil chemical and physico-chemical properties: composition; soil solution and cation exchange capacity; soil pH; salinity anomalies. Soil water: measuring soil moisture; soil water potential; water retention curve and its determination. Second part: agroecosystem management Soil tillage. Irrigation: irrigation variables; watering rate; water use efficiency; irrigation timing; seasonal crop water requirements; irrigation methods; irrigation water quality. Soil organic matter (SOM) and organic fertilizers: types of organic matter and their origin; soil transformations and humic balance; factor acting on SOM transformations; SOM functions; organic fertilization; commercial organic fertilizers. Mineral fertilization: classification and market requirements of mineral fertilizers; nitrogen fertilizers; phosphate fertilizers; potassium fertilizers; composite mineral fertilizers; crop response to fertilizers; optimal fertilization rate; farm requirements and environmental constraints; fertilization plans; yield quality response to fertilization. Weed management: preventive measures; physical direct means; chemical weed management. Cropping systems: species sequence and rotations. (reference books) Textbook: Authors: P. Ceccon, M. Fagnano, C. Grignani, M. Monti, S. Orlandini title: AGRONOMIA edition: EDISES 2017 (http://www.edises.it/universitario/agronomia.html) Lesson slides, recordings and other material made available by the professor	7	AGR/02	24	32	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15184 - Horticulture and Floriculture (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide knowledge about general aspects of vegetable crop production and floriculture, and specific knowledge on design and management of the main production chains of vegetable and flower crops. - COLLA Giuseppe (syllabus) General part - Importance of vegetable crop production and floriculture in Italy and in the World - Classification of vegetable crops and flower crops - Quality of products (vegetables and flowers) - Propagation and nursery - Protected cultivation (greenhouses, tunnels) - Planning productions and crop rotations - Cultural techniques: soil preparation, planting, mulching, irrigation, fertilization, weed control, growth regulators, harvest. Special Part Economic importance, botanical characteristics, pedo-climatic needs, agronomic techniques, low-input and organic production, utilization of edible product in the main vegetable crops (asparagus, artichoke, cawliflower, lettuce, melon, processing tomato and fresh-market tomato) and flower crops (chirsantemum, gerbera, lilium). (reference books) Orticoltura. Principi e pratica. di A. Pardossi, G. Prosdocimi Gianquinto, P. Santamaria, 2018. Edagricole-New Business Media	6	AGR/04	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15193 - Training stage	13		-	-	-	-	Other activities		ITA
15596 - In vitro culture techniques (objectives) - Knowledge and understanding: Students will gain knowledge on the technical bases relating to in vitro culture and applications of plant tissue culture. - Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will have to acquire knowledge on the technological aspects of production of the propagation materials, and aplplication of modern systems of plant tissue culture - Making judgements: Students will acquire the ability to weigh the operational choices with an interdisciplinary approach - Communication skills: Students will acquire technical language and the ability to develop technical documents using appropriate terminology - Learning skills: Students will acquire the ability to consult and use bibliographic sources for updating and critical analysis of knowledge in the field of propagation - SILVESTRI Cristian (syllabus) Plant propagation and nursery industries. Plant organs and tissues. Certification of plant materials, patents and novelties. Organization of a micropropagation lab, culture media, components, physiological and morphogenic response of explants, choice of plant material. Multiplication and de novo shoot organogenesis. Cell culture and their application. In vitro culture and germplasm preservation. Embryo rescue, Embryo culture and techniques to overcome incompatibility (mentor pollen, in vitro pollination ecc…). In vitro culture for breeding and genetics (somaclonal variation, protoplast fusion, hybrids, molecules for selective pressure, elicitors). Genetic engineering: a) Agrobacterium spp., b) PEG, c) electroporation d) biolostic, e) analysis of scientific paper (reference books) - Material provided by the teacher - Pierik R. L. 1999, In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants , Kluwer Academic Publishers - Triggiano et al 2010, English version - Hartman e Kester Propagazione delle piante. EDAGRICOLE	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
15595 - Biotecnologies of crop production
- Biotecnologie genetiche (objectives) 1) Knowledge and understanding: the course aims to provide the student with the basic principles of advanced technologies applicable to crop breeding . The aim is to provide the student with a basic understanding of the issues related to the use of biotechnological approaches for crop breeding. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding: Basic biotechnological methodologies are introduced with reference to genetic engineering, in vitro culture, diagnostics and traceability, study of genetic variability, techniques for obtaining interspecific hybrids. The course will provide students with the basic knowledge necessary to deal with more complex technologies than those described in lessons. 3) Making judgements: the advantages and disadvantages of each technology presented are illustrated, in order to develop the student's critical sense. 4) Communication skills: students are asked questions during the lessons, both to keep their attention, but also to teach them to ask questions and give adequate answers. 5) Learning skills: the theoretical bases of the different genetic biotechnologies presented in the lessons are provided and, for some of them, also the practical bases, through laboratory exercises. The examination will also consist of testing the ability to make connections and real-life examples. - Palombieri Samuela (syllabus) The course starts with the basic principles of recombinant DNA illustrating the mechanism of action of of restriction and modification enzymes, and gene cloning through host-vector systems. The mechanism of action of standard and quantitative PCR is presented in detail, but particular importance is given to applications of such methodologies, through specific examples. Among the different methods of DNA sequencing only the Sanger method is reported, both in its manual and automated versions. The various techniques of analysis of nucleic acids and proteins, including electrophoresis on agarose and polyacrylamide and through blotting (Southern, Northern and Western blotting), and the different fields of application of these techniques are presented. In regard to libreries, both the construction process, and the analysis of the genomic, cDNA and expression libraries are shown, with an emphasis on information obtained from their use. The Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens genome projects are presented, explaining the criteria of choice of model organisms, and information obtained by the complete knowledge of these genomes. Structural, functional and comparative genomics, as well as the technologies related to each of these branches, are presented. In particular, technologies related to structural genomics, through analysis of the genomic libraries for the sequencing of extended portions of DNA, and to functional genomics, through the main techniques of analysis of transcriptome and proteome, are explained. Finally, genetically modified plants are presented: how they are realized through the two main systems (biolistic and Agrobacterium), by illustrating advantages and disadvantages of both these methods; how a genetic construct for expression in plants is made, which genetically modified plants are present on the market, with hints related to the issue of their acceptability. Practical classes: • Bacterial transformation using a recombinant plasmid vector, which is extracted in a subsequent practical class and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis • Standard PCR to determine the presence of a specific transgene in plants of GM wheats • SDS-PAGE to analyze the protein composition of wheat kernels • The use of the spectrophotometer to determine the amount of DNA and proteins If the students are more than 30, practical classes are performed in turns. (reference books) Brown T. Molecular Biotechnology Slides and other materials will be made available to students on Moodle platform	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
- Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie (objectives) 1) Knowledge and understanding: the course aim to provide the student with the basic principles of biotechnologies applicable to crop breeding and to improve crop productivity. 2) Applied knowledge and understanding: basic biotechnological methodologies are introduced with reference to molecular marker development and in vitro culture, including those useful for the study of genetic variability and for obtaining interspecific hybrids. 3) Making judgements: the advantages and disadvantages of each presented technology are illustrated, to develop the student's critical sense. 4) Communication skills: students are asked questions during the classes, both to keep their attention and to teach them to ask questions and give adequate answers. 5) Learning skills: the theoretical bases of the different genetic biotechnologies presented are provided and, for some of them, also the practical bases, through laboratory and in silico exercises. - MAZZUCATO Andrea (syllabus) Biotechnology for the improvement of crop production. Introduction to the role of biotechnologies applied to plant production with reference to genetic engineering, in vitro cell and tissue cultures, to technologies for diagnosis and traceability, to the study of genetic variability for phylogenesis, varietal characterization and management of germplasm, to the techniques for manipulating protoplasts and obtaining interspecific hybrids. Molecular markers and genetic analysis. Concept of genetic marker and introduction to molecular polymorphism analysis. Biochemical markers. Molecular markers, hybridization and PCR, RFLP and VNTR markers, RAPD, SCAR, CAPS, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, SNP markers. Use of molecular markers Studies of formal genetics and development of association maps; search for markers associated with loci that control qualitative and quantitative characters; positional cloning of Mendelian and QTL genes; marker assisted selection for genetic improvement; linkage disequilibrium and mapping by association; genetic variability analysis, genetic distances and clustering methods; varietal characterization and gene flow analysis. Practice topics. In silico research of microsatellite markers and identification of primer pairs to amplify the SSR region. Search for single nucleotide polymorphisms from EST libraries by sequence alignment. Screening of an F2 population segregating morphological and molecular markers, phenotyping, genotyping (DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis), data analysis. (reference books) Barcaccia & Falcinelli - Genetica e genomica Vol. III - Liguori editore. Material provided by the teacher during the course.	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15181 - Rural Tectonics and topography (objectives) Provide students with the concepts, analytical tools and basic organizational instructions to be able to develop, from a systemic and company-based perspective, projects to solve engineering problems in the rural buildings sector, with the indispensable elements of topography. - Derived from 118629_2 Costruzioni forestali e rilievo del territorio in Gestione sostenibile delle foreste e del verde urbano L-25 Marucci Alvaro	8	AGR/10	50	14	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15182 - Herbaceous crops - CAMPIGLIA Enio (syllabus) General concepts regarding the herbaceous crops. Hints on the characteristics of the main Mediterranean cropping systems. Concerning the main crops, characterizing the previously described cropping systems, will be treated (to different details): origin, economic importance, botanical characteristics, ecological and phenological features. For each crop the technical itinerary will be described with particular regard to: preceding crop, soil tillage, choice of the cultivar, sowing, fertilization, irrigation, weed control, other biotic and abiotic adversities, harvesting. For the main crops will be indicated the differences between technical itineraries in conventional, integrated and biological agriculture. For the product will be evaluated: the qualitative characteristics (hints), the storage, the transformation (hints), the use (hints), while regarding the waste product will be indicated the destination. During the course the following crops will be treated: autumn-winter cereals (durum and soft wheat, barley, oats, triticale); spring-summer cereals (corn and sorghum); potato, industrial hemp, oil-protein crops (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean), grain legumes (broad bean, pea, chickpea, lupine). The main forage land will be indicated (pastures, meadows and grasses) and the following fodder crops will be treated: polyennial fodder (alfalfa, sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil,orchard grass, tall fescue), annual fodder (annual clovers and grasses). The species treated can be changed in relation to events that are not currently predictable. (reference books) - Baldoni G., Coltivazioni erbacee. Libreriauniversitaria.it, (2021). - Bonciarelli F., Coltivazioni erbacee di pieno campo, (2001). Edagricole, Bologna. - Baldoni R., Giardini L., Coltivazioni erbacee Vol I, II e III (2002). Patron Editore, Bologna. - Borin M., Bigon E., Caprera P., Atlante Fenologico (2003). Edagricole, Bologna. - Lecture notes, teaching materials provited during the course.	6	AGR/02	40	6	2	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15183 - Pomology (objectives) Students will be provided with information to understand the fruit crop trees and their peculiarities to achieve a production that guarantees quality, environmental sustainability and producers' income. - MULEO Rosario (syllabus) The tree as a complex biological system which integrates organs and functions, with properties to adapt to the ambient. Organography of cultivated fruit crop species. The correlative relationships among organs and development of the tree's epigeal organs and growth patterns. Natural skeleton and architecture of canopy of tree crop plants, determinism of form and size. The role of anthropic actions on fruit culture and evolution of forms of cultivated canopies. Physiognomy and development of root systems. Physiological and genetic regulation of flowering: factors controlling flower morphogenesis and fruit set. Sterility and self-incompatibility in fruit tree plants. Fruit development and ripening: growth patterns, biochemical dynamic of fruit components. Fruit quality characteristics of different species; ripening indexes and evaluation methods of quality parameters. Fruit tree crop canopies managements: pruning and tilling techniques for controlling fruit development and ripening. Physiological and genetic molecular bases and techniques of adventitious rooting and agamic fruit crop propagation. Organization of nursery and control of true-to-type identity and sanity. Plant and environment interaction. The concept of environmental vocation and suitability and hints of eco-physiology (role of environmental factors in the development of the tree). The use of environmental resources in the cultivation technique (water, fertility elements, light). Soil management techniques. Fruit quality and the influence of terroir. Conventional and sustainable production models. The orchard system, training management and functional diversity. Multifunctionality of tree production systems. Monographic treatment of the main tree crops: vine, olive, actinidia, stone fruit, pome fruit, chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, citrus and minor fruit trees. For each species are synthetically considered: botanical and biological peculiarities; pedo-climatic needs; cultivation problems; varietal panorama; propagation; cultivation techniques (planting, foliage, ripening and post-harvest management). (reference books) Principi di Arboricoltura. A cura di Peano Cristiana e Sottile Francesco 2019. EdiSES Editore Arboricoltura Generale. A cura di S. Sansavini et al, 2012. Patron Editore, Bologna Nuove frontiere dell'arboricoltura italiana. A cura di S. Sansavini. 2007. Alberto Perdisa Editore Materiale dato dal docente: diapositive delle lezioni e articoli di giornale, capitoli di libri e review.	6	AGR/03	38	6	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15190 - Crop Protection
15190-1 - Entomologia agraria (objectives) • To identify and describe the functions of the different parts of the external morphology and of the internal anatomy of insects • To explore the post-embryonal mechanisms of development • To recognize the main insects’ orders • To know the more adequate strategies and control methods of the main insect pests of agricultural interest, with particular attention to low toxicity and low impact methodologies • To identify and describe the characteristics of the main insect pests for fruits, vegetables, open field and greenhouse cultivations, indicating the most opportune control strategies. - Rossini Luca (syllabus) Introduction to the world of insects. Ecosystems and agroecosystems. Systematic categories. General characteristics of the insects: head, thorax, abdomen, and body. External morphology of the head: antennae, eyes, mouthparts, ocelli. External morphology of thorax: wings, legs, insects' flight, flight muscles. External morphology of the abdomen: types of abdomen, external abdominal appendixes, external male and female reproductive structures. Digestive system. Circulatory system. Respiratory system. Nervous system. Reproductive system. Secretion system and growth hormones. Direct and indirect metamorphoses. Low-impact control strategies, integrated pest management (IPM). Pest monitoring, population dynamics, tolerance threshold, damage threshold, intervention threshold. Main population density models for pest infestation prediction. Agronomical, physical and chemical control strategies. 1, 2, 3, 4- generation insecticides. Introduction and guidelines for pesticide choice and use. Miscibility of active ingredients. Use of dichotomous keys for insects' identification at order level. Lab exercitations for insects' identification. Biological life cycles and main low-impact control strategies of the main insects of agricultural and forest interest. (reference books) Slides and other documents shared on the Moodle page dedicated to this course. Supplementary readings and video available online, shared on the Moodle page dedicated to the course.	6	AGR/11	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15023 - Agrarian Industries (objectives) Acquisition of knowledge relating to the main technology processes in food production. The mechanical, microbial and biotechnological technology applied to the food processing will explain during the classes. In this context, different food chains will be addressed, such as oil (fruit and seed), meat, wine and dairy industries. For each aforementioned processes, the student will acquire specific knowledge regarding the food quality properties and its fundamental sanitary requirements, the description and evaluation of plants with the process operating conditions. The relationships between the raw-material composition and the food quality will be addressed. In this way the student will be able to evaluate and manage the transformation, through the identification of the critical points, introducing appropriate process corrections and stabilization. The use of analytical parameters to identify the food quality properties will be further addressed. - Liburdi Katia (syllabus) The teaching programme (6 CFU) is related to the main industrial agro-food chain. The main class topics are reported below: 1) General concepts (0,5 CFU); 2) Dairy industry (1,5 CFU): i) physico-chemical milk composition. Lactose (solubility, sweetening, crystallization, fermentation). Lipid fraction (fat globule structure and technological functionality). Proteins (classification and functional characteristics); ii) drinking milk, pasteurization, sterilization and other treatments; iv) rennet cheese-making process, rennet biochemical properties, cheese-making phases, influence of raw material and technology on the cheese-making process; V) production of milk derivatives (cream, butter, yogurt); vi) management and opportunities of dairy by-products 3) Industry of vegetable-based oils and fats (1 CFU): i) from olives to oil, extraction technology, discontinuous and continuous methods, qualitative and regulatory aspects, the oils classification ii) extraction of oil from seeds: seed preparation and extraction technology. Refining of crude oil, iii) the margarine industry. 4) Meat industry (1,25 CFU): i) meat muscle transformation techniques; ii) the tenderization phase; iii) conservation; iv) cured meats. 5) Eggs and egg-products (0,25 CFU): i) the egg composition; ii) shell, egg white and yolk; III) official methods for egg analysis; iv) product classes; v) egg products and related sectors of application. 5) Wine industry (1,5 CFU): i) classification of alcoholic beverages, ii) biochemistry of the winemaking process, notes on red and white winemaking; iii) sparkling wine, classic and Charmat methods. (reference books) a) Chimica degli alimenti (Cabras e Martelli)- editore: Piccin. b) Scienza del latte (Charles Alais)- editore: Tecniche Nuove.	6	AGR/15	38	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15597 - Animal Biotechnology (objectives) Educational goals The course's objectives are to provide knowledge of the main biotechnology techniques applied to the animal production. They will therefore address issues related to animal experimentation and possible alternative techniques, basic theoretical knowledge on in vitro cultures of cells and animal tissues and their applications, methodologies related to the production of transgenic animals and the most used technologies in quality and traceability of animal products, in the control of genetic improvement and in the maintenance of animal biodiversity. Methods such as extraction of nucleic acids, Polymerase Chain Reaction, sanger and new generation sequencing, microarrays, will be discussed to analyze topics such as the use of markers useful for diagnostic and selective purposes, gene expression analysis, Polymorphisms associated with genetic improvement through molecular genetic techniques, traceability of animal products. Expected learning outcomes KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. At the end of the course the student will acquire specific knowledge about the biotechnology aspects of animals, the theoretical bases of animal cell culture techniques and their application as experimental models; Knowledge of the main analytical methods of gene expression in animals, knowledge of methodologies related to the production of transgenic animals, as well as molecular genetics and its applications for animal genetic improvement and traceability. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. Ability to interpret and execute broad spectrum methodological and instrumental procedures for biological and molecular research. JUDGMENT. Acquisition of conscious judgment autonomy with reference to the interpretation of protocols and the evaluation and interpretation of laboratory experimental data. COMMUNICATION SKILLS. Acquiring appropriate skills and tools for communication: data processing and presentation, ability to work in groups. - BASIRICO' Loredana (syllabus) Animal cell cultures: Background. The laboratory of cell culture: general principles on the maintenance of cell cultures. Description of main equipment of animal cell cultures laboratory. Tools and material to isolate and grow cell cultures. The main types of animal cell cultures: primary cultures and cell lines. Differences between primary and cell lines cultures. Basic techniques for immortalized cell cultures in adhesion and in suspension. Trypsinization, counted and propagation of a cell line. Analysis of cell viability. Techniques of disinfection and sterilization. Material and methods of sterilization. Contamination control. Elimination of microbial contamination in cell cultures. Safety standards in laboratory cell cultures. Techniques of cell preservation: cryopreservation. "In vitro" cytotoxicity tests. Animal transgenesis: history and application. Overview of gene transfer strategies in animal cells. DNA-mediated transformation. Transformation techniques. Transformation transient and stable transformation. The selectable markers. The reporter genes. Main expression systems in animal cells. Retroviral vectors. Methods for the production/generation of transgenic mice. Microinjection of the pronucleus. Transfection of early embryos. Transfection of ES cells. Random recombination and homologous recombination. "Gene targeting" in ES cells. Introduction of small mutations. Targeting vectors: insertion and replacement. "Gene targeting." The knock out. The knock on. Positive-negative selection of ES cells. Use of transgenic animals in biotechnology and in basic research. Animal cloning. RNA interference (RNAi). The discovery of gene interference and gene silencing with small RNAs. siRNA and miRNA. The function of miRNAs. The biochemistry of gene silencing mediated by small RNAs. Potential therapeutic applications of RNAi. Quantitative PCR (Real Time PCR); differences between QPCR endpoint and QPCR in real time; chemical fluorogenic in real time PCR "specific" and "non-specific"; absolute quantification and relative quantification. Examples of real time PCR in livestock farming. Analysis of gene expression using a micro-array. Molecular basis of microarray technology. Chip cDNA and oligonucleotide chips. Generation of microarray sequences from databases with automatic annotation. experimental design with microarray. elements of analysis. diagnostic applications. microarray applications: SNP detection arrays - to identify single nucleotide polymorphism in the genome of different populations; comparative genomic hybridization (Array CGH) - mRNA or gene expression profiling - to study the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously; Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies - to determine the binding of proteins specifc in specific portions of DNA (ChIP-on-chip technology). DNA sequencing: New DNA sequencing techniques. Technological platforms for next generation sequencing for molecular diagnostics in vitro (Solexa Illumina, Affymetrix gene-chips, Roche 454, Applied Biosystems Solid, Helicos). Applications in the livestock production. Applications of molecular markers in domestic species. Control of diseases and food safety using DNA for the traceability of animal products, crossings and improved selections, increased efficiency of livestock production, individual identification, sex identification, assessment relationship, identification of genetic markers associated with genes responsible for diseases. SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) as marker for the identification of polymorphisms in candidate genes associated to marker assisted selection. GMOs in animal feed. What is a GMO. Global area of GM crops. The GM varieties. Legislation on the use of GM plants. Assessment of risks to human and animal health. Toxicity, allergy, antibiotic resistance, presence of transgenic fragments in tissues and / or organs. Analytical methods to identify GMOs in food. Practical classes: Animal Cell culture: epithelial cells of bovine mammary gland. Trypsinization and cells counting. Cellular protein extraction and quantification by colorimetric assay. RNA extraction from cell culture and quantification using fluorometric assay, reverse transcription of RNA. Quantitative PCR (Real Time PCR) for gene expression evaluation in bovine mammary gland cells. (reference books) G.L. Mariottini et al. " Introduzione alle colture cellulari", Ed.Tecniche Nuove, 2010. J. D. Watson, A. A. Caudy, R. M. Myers, J. A. Witkowski “DNA ricombinante«, Zanichelli, 2008. Barcaccia G. e Falcinelli M. «Genetica e genomica» vol. III, Genomica e biotecnologie genetiche, capitolo 21, pag 1041-1123. Liguori editore. - Didactic material provided by the teacher.	6	AGR/18	30	-	18	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15190 - Crop Protection
15190-2 - Patologia vegetale (objectives) - Ability to recognise the important plant diseases. - Knowledge of the biology of phytopathogenic agents (bacteria, fungi, viruses). - Understanding of host-pathogen interactions: strategies of attack by plant pathogens and defense mechanisms of plants, their susceptibility, resistance, pathogenicity and virulence and their infectious process. - Knowledge of the epidemiological aspects and the influence of environmental factors on the outbreak and spread of the disease. - Preliminary knowledge of the main epidemic predictive models. - Knowledge of the plant diseases control (prevention and treatment) by chemical and organic pesticides, and by the use of innovative technologies (GIS, GPS, Drones). - BALESTRA Giorgio mariano (syllabus) Microbiology: bacteria, fungi, viruses. Plant resistance. Principal symptoms, control methods (fungicides, copper salts, agronomic techniques), case studies. (reference books) Patologia vegetale, Piccin Slides from the teacher	6	AGR/12	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15189 - Rural appraisal (objectives) The course aims to provide students with skills regarding the methods and tools for evaluating different farms' capital components . Acquisition of basic skills on land cadastre. - COLETTA Attilio (syllabus) Rural appraisal Financial mathematics I Evaluation theory -The estimative doctrine; the characrteristics of the appraisal activity; method of appraisal activitiy. - Different meanings of Value; the Price in relation to the goods to be estimated; the estimative procedure and its implications; the tangible assets subject to evaluation. -The stages of the estimate; the economic aspects of an asset; the synthetic and the analytical approach; the determination of the land benefit and the capitalization rate. Specific appraisal categories - Estimates of land improvements; the estimation of arboreal stands; the appraisal of farms. -The legal estimates: easements; insured damages; expropriation; hereditary successions. III Land Cadastre - Notes on the Land Cadastre formation and update. (reference books) Suggested readings M. Michieli, G.B. Cipollotti; Trattato di estimo, Edagricole Introduzione cap.18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 45, 47, 48, 42, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 68 M. Polelli, Nuovo trattato di estimo, Maggioli editore	6	AGR/01	44	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
17938 - Molecular biology of agricultural plants (objectives) A) COURSE OBJECTIVES The course aims to provide basic knowledge on biochemistry and molecular biology with particular reference to the agricultural context, and thus with a preparatory intend for the future acquisition of knowledge and skills in crop management. Further objectives are the improvement of the ability to learn and communication skills, i.e. the ability to expose thmes concerning the molecular biology of agricultural species with adequate terminology. - Sestili Francesco (syllabus) PROGRAM The course is organized in two main sections: the first is focused on biochemistry and the second on molecular biology. Biochemistry 1- Introduction to the course / Basics 2-Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoconjugates. 3- Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 4-Amino acids, peptides and proteins. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Function of proteins. The role of enzymes. 5-Lipids: reserve lipids, membrane lipids, lipids as signals and cofactors. Exercises: carbohydrates: determination of total starch / amylose in wheat kernels. Molecular Biology - 1-Organization of genetic material in species of agricultural interest 2- DNA replication 3- Transcription 4- Translation 5- Overview of gene regulation in plants of agricultural interest 6- Recombinant DNA technology. - Overview of Microbiology / cloning of genes isolated from plant species - Genbank and database Exercises 1- Working with E. coli (cloning of plant-isolated genes) 2- Extraction of plasmid DNA 3- Quantification of nucleic acids / DNA digestion 4- Electrophoresis. Applications of recombinant DNA technology 1- Genetic modification of plants 2- GMOs: myths and superstitions 3- Selected cases of products deriving from genetically modified plants (reference books) Biochimica e biologia molecolare. Principi e tecniche.Edizione italiana a cura di Mirella S. Pilone e Loredano Pollegioni. Raffaello Cortina Editore. Teaching materials provided by the professor. Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger. David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. Zanichelli.	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
15194 - Energy and environment lab (objectives) The fundamental objective of the "Energy and Environment Laboratory" course is to provide the student with the knowledge and technical and practical skills for the choice, rough sizing and development of plant solutions aimed at producing energy from renewable energy sources. . 1) knowledge and understanding: the expected learning outcomes are the knowledge of the criteria and strategies aimed at choosing, analyzing and optimizing aspects related to energy and the environment, with a view to sustainable development ; 2) applied knowledge and understanding: theoretical and practical notions associated with the energy cycle, with the types of fossil fuels compared to those from renewable sources with obvious references to the dynamics of environmental pollution, biomass, biochemical processes of energy production (biochemical processes, in particular anaerobic digestion with biogas upgrading and thermochemical processes, in particular the gasification process), geothermal energy with low enthalpy plants, solar energy (both thermal and photovoltaic), bioliquids and biofuels. In addition, the practical tools typically needed in the energy characterization of biomasses at accredited laboratories will be discussed; 3) independent judgment: at the end of the course the student will have practical and theoretical notions relating to the main types of plants for the exploitation of renewable energy sources, strengthening the skills already developed in the three-year degree course and having the ability to solve related problems to issues, even new ones or which require multidisciplinary approaches, in any case deriving from the sector under study. 4) communication skills: at the end of the course the student will be able to communicate his conclusions in a clear and unambiguous way to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors operating in the renewable energy sector; 5) ability to learn: among the expected results is the student's development of a learning ability that allows him to deepen the issues addressed independently, adapting to the needs he will encounter in the workplace. - CARLINI Maurizio (syllabus) Environmental pollution sources (3h). Fuels classification (3h). Biomass characterization procedures for energy purposes (3h). Biochemical and thermochemical processes for energy production by residual biomasses, selection criteria (3h). Anaerobic digestion plant sizing procedure (exercise) (3h). Biofuels production by means of residual biomasses recovery (3h). Energy production by photovoltaic plants: basic theory, PV plant configuration and types, PV plant preliminary sizing procedure (3h). Solar energy for solar thermal collectors: basic theory, plant configuration and types, solar collector preliminary sizing procedure for domestic hot water supplying (3h). (reference books) Slides and lecture notes.	3	ING-IND/09	-	-	24	-	Other activities	-	ITA
15192 - Final examination	5		-	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test		ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Legislation and case studies for professional agronomists - COLETTA Attilio - Cardarelli Alberto	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	- -	ITA
15099 - Computer Aided Design - ARCANGELETTI ETTORE	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
17009 - English language B2 - Derived from 119638 Lingua inglese B2 in BIOTECNOLOGIE PER LA SICUREZZA E LA QUALITA' AGRO-ALIMENTARE (LM-7) LM-7 HOBSON Julie anne	6		48	-	-	-	-	ITA
18353 - d	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-		ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-		ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-		ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-		ITA
118344 - Forest soils	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-		ITA
119343 - Forest ecology	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-		ITA
118339 - Relevant bacterial plant diseases	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-		ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Legislation and case studies for professional agronomists - COLETTA Attilio - Cardarelli Alberto	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	- -	ITA
15099 - Computer Aided Design - ARCANGELETTI ETTORE	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
17009 - English language B2 - Derived from 119638 Lingua inglese B2 in BIOTECNOLOGIE PER LA SICUREZZA E LA QUALITA' AGRO-ALIMENTARE (LM-7) LM-7 HOBSON Julie anne	6		48	-	-	-	-	ITA
18353 - d	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-		ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-		ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-		ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-		ITA
118344 - Forest soils	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-		ITA