Degree Course: Landscape and environmental planning and design Syllabus for A.Y. 2021/2022  

Other texts will be suggested to students from time to time.

l_Riccardo Migliari. 2009. Geometria descrittiva, metodi e costruzioni - voi. I. Novara: Citt Studi.
2_Mario Docci, Diego Maestri, Marco Gaiani. 2011. Scienza del disegno. Novara: Citt Studi.
3_Mario Docci. 1999. Manuale di disegno architettonico. Bari: Laterza.
During the lessons more texts will be suggested to students.

Module 1 (8 hours) Morpho-functional organization of plants from cell to individual level: distinctive characteristics of plant cell (wall cell, plastids, vacuole), elements of plant growth and differentiation, notes on plant histology, organization, function and adaptation of plant organs (root, stem and leaf).
Module 2 (4 hours) Life processes of plants: notes on photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition and transport.
Module 3 (6 hours) Plant origin and diversity: plant evolution, concept of species, elements of systematics and taxonomy, main groups of plants, concept of biodiversity, evaluation and conservation of the biodiversity, plant biodiversity, threats to plant biodiversity.
Module 4 (6 hours) Plant Reproduction: distinctive characteristics of vegetative and sexual reproduction with particularly attention for reproduction in Angiosperms, flower elements, notes on pollination; fecundation, seed germination, fruit development and seed dispersal.
Module 5 (4 hours) Plant architecture: plant form and branching, trees, shrubs, size and characteristics of plant canopy in tree species.
Module 6 (8 hours) Plant Functional Types: concept of plant functional types and plant functional traits, evergreen species, deciduous species, drought-semideciduous species, grass and woody plants, annual, biennial and perennial species.
Module 7 (6 hours) Factors affecting terrestrial plant distribution: areal and chorotypes, biomes, biological forms, exotic species.
Module 8 (6 hours) Environmental plant adaptation: plant response to main environmental stress factors (drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, flooding, pollution).

- Sadava D., Hillis D.M., Heller H.C., Hacker S.D. - La Biologia delle Piante (Vol. 4)- Zanichelli

- Pasqua G., Abbate G. & Forni C. -Botanica generale e Diversità vegetale (Capitoli 25 e 26) - Piccin

Introduction and review of basic mathematical notions. Natural numbers, sum and product of natural numbers. Neutral element and inverses. Relative numbers and rational numbers. Irrational and real numbers. Consistency and density of the real numbers. Units of measurement and conversion factors. Intervals. Operations. Scientific notation. Approximations. Equations and inequalities. Sets, inclusion relation, set representation with Eulero-Venn diagrams. Intersection, union, difference. Complement operation and cartesian product. Properties of the set operations.
Functions and Properties of function. Injective, surjective, bijective functions. Real Functions of a Real Variable and their Geometrical Representation: graph, domain, codomain and image. Symmetry. Increasing and decreasing functions. Dependent and independent variables. Functional notation. Range and domain. The graph of a function. Function transformations: shifting, stretching, reflecting, sum, product and composition. Inverse functions. One-to-one and invertible functions. Determining the graph and equation of the inverse.
Algebraic functions. Linear functions, quadratic functions, polynomial, power and rational functions. Transcendental functions: exponential and logarithmic functions. Introduction to trigonometric functions. Function composition. The inverse function.
Limits and Continuity. Definition of limits, properties and calculating the limits. Limits of functions, continuity and asymptotes.
Derivatives The Tangent to a Curve and the Derivative of a Function. Definition and calculation of derivative: algebraic and transcendental functions. The First and Second Derivatives. Left and right derivatives, higher order derivatives. Necessary condition of differentiability (with proof). Non differentiable functions.. Global and local maximum and minimum. Extreme value theorem. Differentiability and monotonicity. Differentiability and local extremes. Concavity and inflection points (with proofs). Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of inflection points (with proofs). De l’Hospital Theorem.
Integration. Definite integration. Integrable and non integrable functions. Properties of the definite integral. Indefinite integration and antiderivatives. The fundamental theorem of calculus. Integration formulas. Integration by part and substitution.

Linear algebra. Vectors, vector spaces, geometric representation of vectors, linear dependence and independence. Matrices and properties. Determinants. Properties of determinants. Rank of a matrix. Matrix operations. Systems of linear equations. Rouché-Capelli theorem. Cramer rule. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Statistics. Notions of descriptive statistics: variables, categories and statistical units. Frequency distribution and graphical representations. Position measures: mean, median and mode. Variability and shape of a distribution. Analysis of the association between two characters, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. Introduction to the linear regression models.
Introduction to probability. Notion of event. Probability distributions. Axioms of probability. Independent events and incompatible events. Conditional probability. Bayes theorem. Random variables and probability distributions. Introduction to statistical inference and the theory of hypothesis testing.

REFERENCE TEXTS:

-Guerraggio A. (2018) Matematica per le scienze. Pearson
- Bodine et al (2017) Matematica per le scienze della vita. UTET

-Slides of the course and exercises made available in the student's portal.

1. Introduction to the course
2. Main environmental issues and human impact on natural environment: ari, water and soil pollution. Organic and inorganic pollutants, Heavy metals.
3. Main environmental issues and human impact on natural environment: the greenhouse effect and global warming. Carbon (C) cycle changes and their implications in global changes.
4. Soil as the foundation of the landscape. The polyphasic system. General information on its physical, chemical and biological properties. Soil ecological and socio-economical functions. Soil threats: main factors of soil degradation.

Basic elements of general, inorganic and organic chemistry will be provided to facilitate the comprehension of the environmental phenomena presented during the course.

Denniston K. J. , Topping J. J., Caret R. L. - 2012 - Chimica Generale. Chimica Organica. Propedeutica Biochimica. McGraw-Hill
oppure
Bettelheim F.A., Brown W.H., Campbell M.K., Farrel S.O., Torres O.J.- 2014. Chimica e propedeutica Biochimica. EdiSES II.
(per chi non dispone di un testo di riferimento di Chimica)

Baird C., Cann M., Chimica ambientale - Zanichelli 2013.
Capitoli: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.
Available at the Dept. library


AA. VV. Fondamenti di Chimica del Suolo, coordinatori Paolo Sequi, Claudio Ciavatta, Teodoro Miano. Patron Editore 2017.
Disponibile in biblioteca
Capitoli: 1, 2 (2.1, 2.2, 2.4), 3 cenni, 4 (4.2 e 4.6 cenni), 5, 6 (6.1, 6.2. 6.3.1), 7 (7.1), 8 (cenni), 9.

Course slides may be used only as a guide to prepare the exam.

The topics covered in the course are collected according to the following thematic groups:
Introduction.
Physical geography and relations with the landscape.

Elements of General Geography. Earth's environmental spheres: Earth systems open, closed, interconnected, in equilibrium. Position detection systems on the terrestrial sphere: definition of longitude and latitude grids (meridians and parallels).
Cartographic representations of the earth's surface. Types of maps, concept of scale of representation, projection systems and properties. Three-dimensional representation of the Landscape: isolines, relief, digital terrain models (DTM). Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Remote sensing: aerial photos, orthophotos, satellite images (visible light, and multispectral and thermal bands). Geographic Information Systems as tools for landscape management.

Geomorphology. Aims, methods and fields of study. Cycles, processes and modeling agents of the terrestrial relief. Internal and External Geomorphic Processes. Biostasia and resistance. Cycles of the troposphere: rocks and minerals, hydrological and biogeochemical.
Ecosystems and Biomes, carbon cycles,
oxygen, nitrogen.

Climate, morphology and biota interaction: Distribution of ecosystems (biomes). b) Meteoric degradation (Mechanical breakdown; chemical alteration and dissolution, action of organisms). Denudation processes. The modeling of the slopes.
Processes and forms of erosion, transport and storage. Accelerated soil erosion and / or slow movements in the regolith (soil creep, soliflow, debris aquifers and cones, landslides).

River morphology. Characteristics of riverbeds in relation to river dynamics. Processes and forms of river erosion; River storage processes and forms; conoids; floodplains. River meanders. River valleys: genesis, evolution and forms. River terraces.

Glaciers and glacial morphology. Feeding and glacial ablation. Movement of glaciers. Glacial erosion and related forms: montonate rocks, cirques, glacial valleys and their distinctive features; fjords. Transport and glacial deposition: mobile moraines and deposited moraines. Frost conditions in the ground; permafrost. Modeling forms related to permafrost. Cryoturbation and geliflux.

Karst and karst morphology. Conditions necessary for the setting and development of karst phenomena. The climate and karst morphogenesis. Epigean karst forms: Karren, sinkholes, uvala, polje, karst valleys. Genesis and evolution of forms in relation to structural conditions.

Aeolian morphology. Wind action; deflation and corruption. Rocky deserts (hamada) and pebble deserts (serir); sebkha. Forms of wind accumulation; dunes and their evolution; loess. Sandy deserts (ergs).

The movements of the sea and the coastal morphology. Other processes and factors of coastal morphogenesis. Marine erosion; ripe and abrasion platforms. High coasts and their evolution. Beaches; coastal transport of materials and beach evolution (beach erosion in Italy). Coastal cordons. Lagoons and coastal lakes. Delta and estuaries. Relative level variations between sea and land: marine terraces.

Volcanic landscapes. Main elementary forms due to volcanic activity. Volcanic buildings. Forms of erosion of volcanic reliefs. Italian volcano systems.
Anthropic forms. The influence of anthropogenic activities in the modeling of the terrestrial relief. Urban and peri-urban landscapes.

During the course, various materials, appropriately selected by the teacher, will be presented and summarized in the slides and summary materials used during the lessons.
The following have been selected from the reference texts:

Hess D.. Tasa D., (2014) McKnight's Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Eleventh Edition. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE.

Huggett R.J. (2017) Fundamentals of Geomorphology - Fourth Edition. Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group (eds) 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN.

Goudie S.A. and Viles H.A. (2016). Geomorphology in the Anthropocene. Cambridge University Press. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom.

Shroder J.F.(ed.) - Treatise on Geomorphology. 14 vols.-Academic Press (2013)

Zinck J.A., Metternicht G., Bocco G., Del Valle H.F.(eds.) (2016) Geopedology_ An Integration of Geomorphology and Pedology for Soil and Landscape Studies. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

Schaetzl R. and Anderson S. (2005). Soils - Genesis and Geomorphology. Cambridge University Press. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom.

DRIESSEN P. M., DECKERS J., SPAARGAREN O., 2001. Lecture notes on the major soils of the world. World Soil Resources Reports, FAO, Rome, Vol. 94.

IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.

The activity of Landscape Architecture module will be organized into three thematic sections:
1. Key concepts This section will address some significant issues and themes of the cultural debate on landscape and landscape design, in their historical development and contemporary relevance. Basic concepts are useful to the development of references shared by all students. Some issues to be discussed are:- Landscapes and climate , landsacpe and sustainable mobility, landscape and social inclusion
This section is organized through lectures and in-depth bibliography.
2.tools
This section includes the basic tools necessary to the analysis and interpretation of landscapes in order to to recognize specificities and differences through a transdisciplinary approach , dealing with the physical and social space. This section is intended to enable each student to develop his own specific toolkit through lectures and exercises concerning: morphologies; ecologies; historical stratifications; people and behaviors.
3. design explorations
In this third section, highly integrated with the Composition module, design exercises will be carried out to measure and verify, in a specific lanscape the key concepts and tools
.The three sections do not follow a hierarchical sequence or timeline but they tend to outline a dynamic process with a circular feedback.

in the laboratory it will be provided a fundamental bibliography for in-depth analysis

Module 1 (6 hours) Elements of Ecology: concept of ecosystem and its functioning, ecological factors, climate and phytoclimate, climate and plant distribution.
Module 2 (14 hours) Relationship between environmental diversity and vegetation: the concept and definition of the landscape, the landscape from an ecological point of view, rudiments of the vegetation analysis, ecological succession and vegetation dynamism, concept of the potential vegetation, landscape interpretation through the vegetation maps.
Module 3 (12 hours) The plant use for the landscape project: species selection criteria, ecosystem services and green infrastructures.

- Ercoli et al. 2010 Analisi e progettazione botanica per gli interventi di mitigazione degli impatti delle infrastrutture lineari, Manuali e linee guida ISPRA 65.3/2010

- Ecosystems and agroecosystems
- Agricultural systems and productivity factors
- Definition and structure of cropping systems
- Crop ecology (climatic and soil factors)
- Crop physiology (photosynthesis, crop growth, development and production, competition between plants and between plant organs, morphological plasticity, and production components)
- Classification of herbaceous crops and description of the peculiar characteristics (morphological, biological, and cultural) of the different groups: autumn-winter cereals, summer cereals, grain legumes, oilseeds, industrial crops, field vegetables, turf.
- Basic elements of crop science. Problems of current crops and related cultivation operations.
- Relevant aspects of conventional and organic production systems
- Urban and peri-urban agriculture

Main sources for exam preparation are:

Lecture notes, scientific papers, and technical material provided by the lecturer during the course. In addition, the following reference texts are recommended for general preparation:

- Baldoni R., Giardini L., 2002: Coltivazioni erbacee Vol. I, II e III. Patron Editore, Bologna.
- Ceccon P., Fagnano M., Grignani C., Monti M., Orlandini S., 2017: Agronomia. EdiSES Università.

For in-depth study:
- Altieri M.A., Nicholls C.I., Ponti L., 2015: Agroecologia - una via percorribile per un pianeta in crisi. Edagricole.
- Bertolini A., Sinigaglia E., 2011: Tappeti erbosi - realizzazione, manutenzione, problematiche. Dario Flaccovio Editore.

Introduction to the course: the tree systems compartment. Principles of fruit tree biology, integrated biological system of organs and functions; correlation of organ development and vegetative-productive cycle of the tree.
Agro-biodiversity: varietal overviews and mention of varietal improvement (objectives, means and results). Main tree species, minor and wild species. (12 hours)

Tree plant architecture, shape determinism, size determinism. Architecture of the orchard and agroecosystems in general. Design and planting criteria: structural and functional diversity of the main types of tree systems. (8 hours)

Relationship between tree systems and the environment. The concept of environmental suitability and hints of eco-physiology; role of environmental factors (climate-soil) in the development of the fruit tree; adaptation to climate change and role of climate change mitigation. Field and protected crops.
The use of environmental resources in the cultivation technique (water, soil fertility elements, light): main techniques of soil management and use of water resources in arboriculture. The impact of crops on environmental health: use of bioregulators, agro-pharmaceuticals, fertilizers. Conventional, sustainable and organic production models. (7 hours)

Relationship between tree and landscape systems. Definition of the concept of terroir and agricultural landscape. Notes on the meaning and evolution of the landscape of the fruit tree. Definition of the relationship between quality productions (DOP, IGP) and territory; landscape as added value of productions. Arboricultural landscapes: constitutive characters. Notes on the diversity of structure, function and meaning of arboricultural landscapes. The new landscapes of arboriculture in urban space. The multifunctionality of tree systems; ecosystem services. Cultivation and environmental framework of woody species of agricultural interest in the Mediterranean and Italy and their landscapes. (8 hours)

The course (5CFU) consists of 40 hours of frontal lectures, 5 of which are dedicated to a technical visit.
Attendance at the course is not mandatory, but nevertheless strongly recommended for learning knowledge and skills essential for subsequent Landscape Design and Planning Studios.

Material in English provided by the teacher (documents and videolectures).

In-depth text:
Articles provided by the teacher.

Rural Areas
§ Elements of cartography: Reference systems and main cartographic projection systems, Geographic coordinates: UTM and Gauss Boaga, IGM Cartography and Regional Technical Cartography, Numerical Cartography, Elevation and digital terrain models (8 hrs).
§ Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Introduction to GIS, Geographical data representation models: raster and vector (8hrs)
§ Rural territory mapping in land use and land cover cartography: Corine Land Cover and Urban Atlas (6 hrs)
§ Rural landscape conservation status classification (4 hrs)
§ Transformations of the rural territory: land use changes, land take (8 hrs)
§ Application of analysis and classification of the landscape mosaic to case studies (8 hrs)




Urban Planning
The program is developed in three parts:
- the first concerns the reading of the national and regional legislation for the governance of the territory in the urban and landscape area, the planning tools through the in-depth study of "case studies" of the PRG of Rome and the PTPR of the Lazio Region, the comparison with the planning system in Europe;
- the second part deals the transformation of the city, through the examination of the regulatory plans of Rome from the unification of Italy to today and the analysis of the development of the European city from the second post-war period to the present, up to the recent case studies of the neighborhoods sustainable in Europe.
- The third part of the program consists of the laboratory activity, developed on the morphological analysis of a marginal place in the urban-rural area: the area of the Cervelletta Natural Park in the IV Municipality of Rome.
1) The introduction of urban planning and territorial planning, its definition and recent innovations:
The definition of urban planning between art and science
• The legislative system of urban and territorial planning and landscape protection, the articulation of the purposes and the different areas of application:
- territorial and landscape planning (the territorial coordination plan, the regional landscape plan)
- general level planning (the General Town Plan and the NTAs)
- the implementation level planning (the detailed Plan, the Development Plan, Area Plans L.167 / 62, the integrated intervention Programs, the Urban Recovery Programs, the Urban Redevelopment Plans).
• Landscape-urbanism innovation and new approaches to planning: from the European Landscape Convention, "the whole territory is landscape", to Spatial Planning and Design for Climate Change
2) The examination of the development of the European city since the second post-war period:
• Notes on the urban and territorial planning system in Europe. Objectives and timing of regional, municipal and implementation level planning in France, Spain, Germany, England
• The expansion and transformation of the European city in the second half of the 1900s:
- The English new towns
- The French Villes nouvelles
- Amsterdam: urban quality and neighborhood design
- Barcelona: the public space project (PERI)
• Rome: the shape of the city and plans from the Unification of Italy to today
• Rome form and plans: the current PRG
• The sustainable city: "The world of 2050" by Oliver Cooper
- Notes on the EU's agenda for sustainable urban development
- The new sustainable neighborhoods in Europe:
The Vauban district, Freiburg (Germany)
HafenCity, Hamburg (Germany)
Greenwich Millenium Village, London (Great Britain)
Hammarby, Stockholm (Sweden)
3) Laboratory Activities: urban planning analysis of a marginal place in the urban-rural area: the area of the Cervelletta Natural Park and the surrounding urbanized areas in Rome.
• The historical evolution of the settlement:
- TAV. 1- Historical evolution of the settlement and the settlement principle
- analysis of the construction periods of the area
- analysis of the settlement principle up to the current configuration
• The elements of the urban form:
- TAV. 2 [/ 2a] - Structure of the settlement and the urban environment
- the characteristics of the environmental, settlement and infrastructural systems:
- site morphology and landscape features
- the historical pre-existences
- the urban margins
- infrastructure networks, neighborhood roads, public space
- the residential fabric, perimeter of homogeneous areas
• Layout scheme
- TAV. 3 - Problems, Potentiality / Resources

1) Bruno Zevi, La nuova dimensione della paesaggistica, in Pretesti di critica architettonica, Ed. Enaudi
2) Prof. Arch. Claudia Mattogno, Le definizioni di Urbanistica
3) Glossario termini urbanistici ricorrenti
4A) Prof. Zetti , Glossario degli strumenti urbanistici - La legge urbanistica e gli standard
4B) Legislazione Urbanistica - Legge1150-1942
4C) Glossario e strumenti urbanistici - Pianificazione e paesaggio
4D) MIBAC - Beni paesaggistici
4E) Tutela Paesaggistica Approfondimenti - Legge Galasso 431- 85
5) La pianificazione urbanistica e territoriale
5A) Prof. Antonio Cappuccitti, in Strumenti urbanistici innovativi e concertazione urbanistica
5B) Programmi complessi e Urbanistica concertata_Zone O
5C) Legge urbanistica e Leggi di tutela del paesaggio
6) Arch. Daniela Gualdi - Relazione di verifica urbanistica nel IV Municipio – Esercitazione
6A) Il PRG di Roma_IV municipio_ stralcio
6B) Il PTPR di Roma_IV Municipio_ stralcio
6C) Il PTP Roma_Aniene n. 15_9_stralcio
7) Arch. Flavio Trinca, Il Landscape Urbanism
7B) Arch. Flavio Trinca, Bibliografia Sintetica sul Landscape Urbanism
7C) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Il paesaggio che salva la città. La poetica di Turenscape
8) Prof. Arch. Claudia Mattogno, Il sistema della pianificazione in Europa
9) Mamoli, Trebbi, in Storia dell'urbanistica. L’europa del secondo II dopoguerra, Ed. Laterza
10) Prof. Antonio Cappuccitti, Roma forma e piani 2018
10A) Il PRG di Roma_NTA
10B) Il PRG di ROMA_Guida Qualità Interventi
10C) Leonardo Benovolo, in Roma dal 1870 al 1990, Ed. Laterza
10D) Italo Insolera, in Roma, Ed. Laterza
10E) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Gli elementi strutturanti della forma della città in Roma capitale – in Linee di Ricerca
10F) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Il verde nei piani regolatori di Roma Capitale dal 1870 ad oggi
11) Barcellona il progetto degli spazi pubblici
11A) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Barcellona trasformazione di una città, in AR
12) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi, L'analisi di un luogo di margine in ambito urbano-rurale: l'area del Parco regionale della Cervelletta
12A) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_Basi cartografiche area Parco Cervelletta
12B) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_PRG_Area Parco Cervelletta
12C) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_L'esempio del PRU di San Basilio
13) Link “Il mondo del 2050” di Oliver Cooper
13A) Lo sviluppo urbano sostenibile dell’Europa unita
13B) Agenda sviluppo urbano sostenibile_2014
13C) C. Mazzoleni, Amburgo, Hafencity. Rinnovamneto di una città
13D) Londra, Greenwich Millenium Village
13E) A. Cappuccitti, Stoccolma. Quartiere di Hammarby
13F) D.Gualdi, La trasformazione urbana in Europa
Bibliografia di riferimento
- Ash Amin, Europa, terra di estranei, ed. Mimesis, 2016
- Leonardo Benovolo, Le origini dell’urbanistica moderna, ed. Laterza, 1963
- Leonardo Benovolo, Roma dal 1870 al 1990, ed. Laterza, 1992
- Italo Insolera, Roma. Le città nella storia d’Italia, ed. Laterza, 1980
- M. Mamoli, G. Trebbi, Storia dell'urbanistica. L’Europa del secondo II dopoguerra, ed. Laterza, 1988
- Bruno Zevi, Saper vedere l’Urbanistica, ed. Enaudi, 1971
- Sito web del MIBAC
- Sito web dell’INU

§ Elements of cartography: Reference systems and main cartographic projection systems, Geographic coordinates: UTM and Gauss Boaga, IGM Cartography and Regional Technical Cartography, Numerical Cartography, Elevation and digital terrain models (8 hrs).
§ Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Introduction to GIS, Geographical data representation models: raster and vector (8hrs)
§ Rural territory mapping in land use and land cover cartography: Corine Land Cover and Urban Atlas (6 hrs)
§ Rural landscape conservation status classification (4 hrs)
§ Transformations of the rural territory: land use changes, land take (8 hrs)
§ Application of analysis and classification of the landscape mosaic to case studies (8 hrs)

Mauro Agnoletti, 2010. Paesaggio rurale Strumenti per la pianificazione strategica. Edagricole

Introduction to GIS; vector and raster representation. The georeferenced data and the main reference systems. The database in a GIS environment. The main data of the territory: land use map, altitudes, slopes and exposure; analysis of the territory in a GIS environment. Photo interpretation and creation of georeferenced polygons. Main editing operations in the creation of information layers. The project in a GIS environment, how it is carried out and how the cartography and the database are exported. Landscape analysis in GIS environment, application of the main indices of landscape ecology on a large scale. Vulnerability analysis of landscape patterns at the scale of the catchment area.

- Federica Migliaccio; Daniela Carion. SISTEMI INFORMATIVI TERRITORIALI Principi ed applicazioni (seconda edizione). Edizioni UTET.

- Lecture notes.

1. Introduction: history of pedology. The role of soil in various grassland and forest ecosystems. Definitions of soil and chemical, physical and biological characteristics (1 ECTS).
2. The causes of soil degradation and desertification. Soil erosion. The pedogenic profile and horizons. The subordinate horizons. The types of humus and their classification. The factors of pedogenesis: climate, lithology, geomorphology, biotic, anthropic factor, time. (1 ECTS)
3. The types of pedogenetic processes: alteration, translocation, addition and loss. Specific processes of formation and evolution of the soil. The profile description. Surface and deep diagnostic horizons. The soil humidity and temperature regimes. Forest soils: characteristics and classification (1 ECTS)
4. Soil morphological features, soil survey instrument and principles, soil samplig techniques and soil profile description (1 ECTS)
5. Classification of soils. Soil classification systems. The characteristics of soils belonging to the Soil Taxonomy classification orders. The hierarchy of pedopaesaggi. The soil regions in Italy. Land capability and Land suitability(1 ECTS)
6. Exercises: profile analysis and field card on excursion in urban and natural areas of particular interest. The morphological description of the pedon. Chemical-physical analysis of soil in the laboratory (1 ECTS)

Giacomo Certini and Fiorenzo Cesare Ugolini Basis of Pedology - Edagricole
Carmelo Dazzi Foundations of Pedology - Le Panseur

Material provided by the teacher - lessons

The course aims at providing the theoretical and basic knowledge on the main technological solutions that can be adopted at the urban scale, promoting the development of a critical capacity for managing complex information related to the adoption of "Green-Blue Infrastructures" (GBI) approaches and strategies, and the use of technologies, systems, components and materials for the design of open spaces and the urban envelope, according to an ecological and sustainable point of view.
The course will be organized of theoretical lessons (40 hours) aimed at providing basic knowledge and a laboratory part (8 hours) about the development of an applicative exercise aimed at verifying the correct learning.
Theoretical lessons (40 hours) will focus on the following topics:
- Introduction to ecological principles of Natural Capital and ecosystem services, to climate change phenomena and environmental risks, to technological measures and strategies for their prevention, mitigation and adaptation (2 hours);
- Classification of Green and Blue Infrastructures (GBI) and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), description of the main technologies, materials and products to be used in the design of open spaces and urban envelope (6 hours);
- Introduction to artificial and natural materials (e.g. asphalt, cement, concrete, ceramic, stoneware, beaten earth and concrete, wood, stone and marble, brick, clinker, drainage materials, advanced materials, etc.), classification principles and characteristics, structure, chemical-physical and mechanical properties, production cycle, performance aspects, dimensional characteristics and methods of use (28 hours);
- Analysis of construction details in the framework of specific realizations taken into consideration (3 hours);
- Analysis of design parameters to be used for a conscious choice of materials and products, for their technological requirements and applicability to the project (1 hour).

The Laboratory (8 hours) will concern a pratical exercise:
- Introduction to technical information on building materials and products;
- Technological analysis of some realized works, selected to facilitate the reading of technological solutions adopted and of the design stratigraphies. Analysis of materials used in the project, and return of technical and graphic information, also through the use of product data sheets.
The exercise will be useful to initiate students to the organization of design information for a conscious choice of materials and products and to correct graphic processing.

Text-books

Andreucci, M. B. (2017). Progettare Green Infrastructure. Milano: Wolters Kluwer.

Andreucci, M. B. (2019). Progettare l’involucro urbano: casi studio di progettazione tecnologica ambientale. Milano: Wolters Kluwer.

Dessì, V.; Farnè, E.; Ravanello, L.; Salomoni, M. T. (2017). Rigenerare la città con la natura. Santarcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli Editore.

References

Arbizzani, E. (2021) Progettazione Tecnologica dell’Architettura. Santarcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli Editore.

Baratta, A. (2020). Materiali per l'architettura. Napoli: Clean Edizioni.

Benedetti, C.; Bacigalupi, V. (2005). Materiali e progetto. Roma: Edizioni Kappa.

Della Mura, C., Simonato, E. (2012). Architettura e nanotecnologie. Small size, high performance. Padova: Libreria Universitaria Edizioni.

Sposito A.; Sposito, C. (2011). Architettura sistemica. Materiali ed elementi costruttivi. Santarcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli Editore.

Sposito, C. (2012). Sul recupero delle aree industriali dismesse. Santarcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli Editore.

Torricelli M.C.; Del Nord R.; Felli P. (2001). Materiali e tecnologie dell’Architettura. Bari: Editori Laterza.

Course lessons and documents on specific topics.

Course on Dendrology (4 CFU, MG. Agrimi)
For the interpretation of the forms of the forest landscape, the course aims to provide - together with some basic theoretical principles - the cognitive tools necessary to acquire skills in relation to the following aspects:
a) Recognition of the main tree species of forest interest in Italy: morphological characteristics of leaves, fruits, seeds and bark; hints of autoecology of species; distribution areas.
b) Introduction to forestry measures and the analysis of forest structures; the shapes of the trees, the parts of the tree and their functions, morphological aspects, production aspects, aspects relating to stability.

Course on Forest Ecology and Silviculture (5 CFU, G. Scarascia Mugnozza)
• Definitions, objectives and methods of forest ecology, landscape and silviculture; (4 hours)
• Biodiversity and forest ecosystems. Climate and vegetation. Influences of forest ecosystems on climate and microclimate. Forests and the carbon cycle; (8 hours)
• Historical evolution of silviculture and sustainable forest management. State of forests at European and global level (FAO FRA2015); forest structure and tree crown classification. Forest dynamics and forest development stages. Spontaneous sylvogenesis; (8 hours)
• Forest succession, environmental disturbances and forest regeneration. Silviculture systems and treatment. High stand forests and coppices. Silvicultural practices in protection forests and parks. Forest transformation. Thinning and pruning; (8 hours)
• Theoretical bases and techniques of Restoration ecology. Lowland forests and Agroforestry; (12 hours)
• Field visits to forest ecosystems in different ecoregions of Italy. (8 hours of Laboratory)

- Lectures presentations (https://moodle.unitus.it/moodle/course/view.php?id=2172)
- R. Gellini e P. Grossoni, Botanica forestale. CEDAM, Padova
- M. Cappelli, Selvicoltura generale. UTET, Torino
- P. Piussi, Selvicoltura generale. UTET, Torino
- M. Paci, Ecologia forestale. Edagricole, Bologna

The teaching program of Dendrology includes the following topics:
a) Morphological, ecological characters and silvicultural aspects of the main species within 1) Italian forest stands and 2) tree rows, urban parks and gardens.
b) Basic concepts of forest mensuration related to management purposes to describe quantitatively trees and forest stands (tree size and stand density, tree spacing, tree architecture and risk management).
c) Basic concepts about trees and forest functions in rural and urban context; silviculture, arboriculture, urban forestry: definitions and goals; woodlands in urban context, "urban forest" meaning.
d) Practical activities:
- visit to the Botanic Garden "Angelo Rambelli" - University of Tuscia,
- observations of dried tree plant samples,
- field trip in urban/periurban green area.


Teaching program of Forest Ecology and Silviculture
· Definitions, objectives and methods of forest ecology, landscape and silviculture; (4 hours)

· Biodiversity and forest ecosystems. Climate and vegetation. Influences of forest ecosystems on climate and microclimate. Forests and the carbon cycle; (8 hours)

· Historical evolution of silviculture and sustainable forest management. State of forests at European and global level (FAO FRA2015); forest structure and tree crown classification. Forest dynamics and forest development stages. Spontaneous sylvogenesis; (8 hours)

· Forest succession, environmental disturbances and forest regeneration. Silviculture systems and treatment. High stand forests and coppices. Silvicultural practices in protection forests and parks. Forest transformation. Thinning and pruning; (8 hours)

· Theoretical bases and techniques of Restoration ecology. Lowland forests and Agroforestry; (12 hours)

· Field visits to forest ecosystems in different ecoregions of Italy. (8 hours of Laboratory)

- Recommended texts:

Romano Gellini e Paolo Grossoni. Botanica forestale. Gimnosperme (vol. I), Angiosperme (vol.II).
Editore CEDAM.
- PDF Files of presentations and additional readings.

Other reference texts:
- Trees of Europe, by PoluninOleg. Oxford University Press

The design course is organized in four different sections:
1-Inquiring
The aim of this section is being able to keep up with and understand International policies which engage contemporary landscape design, such as:
- Green infrastructure, European Union strategy for Biodiversity 2020
- Natural capital and Italian National strategy for urban green areas
- Ecological meaning of urban green areas (Cfr. Carlo Blasi)

2- Orienting
The aim of this section is being able to orient oneself in the contemporary production of landscape design. The assignment is to study and describe, through a report card with pictures and drawings, one recent project for each and every one of the following design themes:
- Moving
- Coltivating
- Foresting
- Meeting
- Telling

3- Describing
The aim of this section is to establish the importance of description in the formation of the landscape designer.
Describing comes through:
- Individual perceptions of the area during site visits
- Images of the landscape produced by other authors ( Images, drawings, movies, etc.)


4- Designing
The design becomes a creative integration of the previous sections, and is organized in five different parts:

4.1 Parts
The aim is to frame and identify characteristics, similarities or differences of specific parts of the landscape. This happens through the use of morphology, idrography and ecologies and their entanglements and reciprocal relationships.

4.2 Demands
Problems, desires and aspirations by different part of the community which inhabits the site of the project. Mapping can come as second hand source material ( web analysis, online journals, locals associations blogs, etc.) or first hand source material such as interviews.

4.3 Strategy: concept/site plan.
It is about defining the strategy of the project through a summarized image that caters the idea of the project.

4.4 Evolutions
It is about choosing a specific element of the project, which can be considered significant, and developing a study about its spatial and temporal evolution.

4.5 Design specifications
It is about the description of specific parts of the project which helps to better understand and communicate the general landscape design strategy.

1- Corboz A. (1985), Il territorio come palinsesto, in Casabella, n. 516

2 - Caravaggi L. (2002), Paesaggi di paesaggi, Meltemi editore, Roma

3 - AA.VV. (2004), Paesaggi della biodiversità

4 - Morin E. (1999), La testa ben fatta, Raffaello Cortina editore, Milano

5 – G.Mantione; E.Romanelli, Il Corpo della terra, da una visione egologica a una visione ecologica, Castelvecchi, 2020.

6- Clement G. (2013), Il giardiniere planetario, Quodlibet, Macerata

7 – Caravaggi L.; Imbroglini C.; Lei A. (2019), Progettare infrastrutture flessibili, in Caravaggi L.; Carpenzano O., Roma in movimento, Quodlibet, Macerata

8 – Caravaggi L.; Carpenzano O. (2019), Dispositivo Pontili, in Caravaggi L.; Carpenzano O., Roma in movimento, Quodlibet, Macerata

National, European and global context of afforestation and forest restoration programs. EU Green New Deal, International Conventions and European Strategy on Biodiversity, National Urban Green Strategy and National Reports on Natural Capital. The Roman area: Lazio agrobiodiversity and conservation projects of the landscape of the “Campagna Romana”. Most relevant global forestry and forest restoration projects. Basic elements for afforestation techniques in a rural/forest environment and in a urban/peri-urban environment. The choice of forest tree species: climate and phytoclimatic belts, real and potential vegetation. Vegetation map of Rome and forest types of Lazio. Soil preparation techniques, planting and tending of forest trees. Reforestation in the plains and in the hill/mountain areas. Production and certification of forest nursery material. Examples of afforestation projects.

- Mengoli Stefano - Fare Verde urbano - Edagricole
- Ferrini, F., Van den Bosch, C. C. K., & Fini, A. (Eds.). (2017). Routledge handbook of urban forestry (Vol. 1). Routledge, Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
- notes and presentations of the lectures by the teacher

Hydrogeological risk: definitions and risk equation; statistics and events.
Floods and landslides: causes, mechanisms, classifications, impacts.
Hydrogeological risk management: tools for forecasting and prevention in the short and long term. Hydrogeological risk mitigation; risk cycle.
Planning aspects relating to hydrogeological and regulatory risk.
Conclusions and summary of the main arguments

1. Principi di geologia applicata per ingegneria civile-ambientale e scienze della Terra.
L. Scesi, M. Papini, P. Gattinoni
Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
304 pp. ISBN 978-88-08-18642-3

2. Le forme del rilievo (Atlante di Geomorfologia)
S. Ciccacci
Mondadori Università
633 pp. ISBN - 978-88-6184-734-7

- Definitions, objectives, and methodologies of Naturalistic Engineering;

- The water cycle; hydro-meteorological data; hydrological catchments and water systems; analysis of precipitation; river floods and extreme events; basics of river hydraulics;

- Plant analysis; technical and biological characteristics of plants; use and methods of plants in Naturalistic Engineering;

- Geological and geotechnical analysis of landscape; hydraulic ecosystem analysis; fundamentals of Naturalistic Engineering design; materials of Naturalistic Engineering;

- Design of major Naturalistic Engineering solutions and structures: streams and rivers, stream banks, hillslopes. Case studies and examples;

- Team experiences with collaborative discussion and presentations. Visits to Naturalistic Engineering structures.

- Compendio di Ingegneria Naturalistica (P. Cornelini, G. Sauli): http://www.regione.lazio.it/prl_ingegneria_naturalistica/?vw=newsDettaglio&id=58

- PODIS – Manuale di Indirizzo delle scelte progettuali per interventi di Ingegneria Naturalistica: http://www3.regione.molise.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/3277

Material in English will be made available upon request.

1. Introduction: goals, contents and organization.
2. Basic principles of geology: rock classification, cycle of rocks, global plate tectonics. Geological mapping
3. Principles of Engineering geology and Hydrogeology and hydrologic cycle
4. Geomorphological processes and factors. Fluvial and slope processes. Floods and landslides.
5. Field work

1. Principi di geologia applicata per ingegneria civile-ambientale e scienze della Terra.
L. Scesi, M. Papini, P. Gattinoni
Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
304 pp. ISBN 978-88-08-18642-3

2. Le forme del rilievo (Atlante di Geomorfologia)
S. Ciccacci
Mondadori Università
633 pp. ISBN - 978-88-6184-734-7

English
Component environmental landscape planning (56 hours)
- Planning and governance of the landscape, ecological planning and systems, sustainable development (4 hours)
- Ecology basic concepts (5 hours)
- National and international legislation (4 hours)
- Landscape, indicators, classification, Corine Land Cover (4 hours)
- Partecipative planning (3 hours)
- Ecological networks, connectivity (6 hours)
- Diagnostic analysis and planning tools (5 hours)
- Environmental emergencies (2 hours)
- Geografic Information Systems (4 hours)
- VIA, VAS (6 hours)
- Practical exercises over a selected area (13 hours)

Component forest and protected areas planning (40 hours)
- Biodiversity conservation: strategies; sustainable development (3 hours)
- Forest ecology basic concepts (4 hours)
- Protected areas, national and international experiences; national geoportal, Corine Land Cover (4 hours)
- Partecipative planning (2 hours)
- Ecological networks, connectivity (2 hours)
- National and international legislation (2 hours)
- Forest managent (4 hours)
- Forest planning (3 hours)
- VINCA (3 hours)
- Practical exercises over a selected area (13 hours)

Baydack, R. K., Campa, H., & Haufler, J. B. (Eds.). (1999). Practical approaches to the conservation of biological diversity. Island Press.
Monica G. Turner. Landscape Ecology in Theory & Practice: Pattern and Process 2015. Spinger
Guy R. Larocque Ecological Forest Management Handbook 2020. CRC press

Component environmental landscape planning (56 hours)
- Planning and governance of the landscape, ecological planning and systems, sustainable development (4 hours)
- Ecology basic concepts (5 hours)
- National and international legislation (4 hours)
- Landscape, indicators, classification, Corine Land Cover (4 hours)
- Partecipative planning (3 hours)
- Ecological networks, connectivity (6 hours)
- Diagnostic analysis and planning tools (5 hours)
- Environmental emergencies (2 hours)
- Geografic Information Systems (4 hours)
- VIA, VAS (6 hours)
- Practical exercises over a selected area (13 hours)

Component forest and protected areas planning (40 hours)
- Biodiversity conservation: strategies; sustainable development (3 hours)
- Forest ecology basic concepts (4 hours)
- Protected areas, national and international experiences; national geoportal, Corine Land Cover (4 hours)
- Partecipative planning (2 hours)
- Ecological networks, connectivity (2 hours)
- National and international legislation (2 hours)
- Forest managent (4 hours)
- Forest planning (3 hours)
- VINCA (3 hours)
- Practical exercises over a selected area (13 hours)

Baydack, R. K., Campa, H., & Haufler, J. B. (Eds.). (1999). Practical approaches to the conservation of biological diversity. Island Press.
Monica G. Turner. Landscape Ecology in Theory & Practice: Pattern and Process 2015. Spinger
Guy R. Larocque Ecological Forest Management Handbook 2020. CRC press

Course program
- The sources of environmental law (2 hours)
- The landscape, the territory and the environment in the Constitution (2 hours)
- The land use planning in environmental law (4 hours)
- The urban planning law of 1942 (4 horus)
- The 1967 reform and the 1968 DM (4 hours)
- The constitutionalisation of agricultural interest (4 hours)
- Regionalization and separation agriculture – production and agriculture-protection (4 hours)
- The 80s - European reforms and regional legislation (4 hours)
- The new century - the reform of Title V of the Constitution and the new CAP (4 hours)
- The environmental code (4 hours)
- Public goods (4 hours)
- Urban planning negotiated in green areas (4 hours)
- Environmental administrative procedures (4 hours)

Books:
F. Albisinni, Diritto Agrario territoriale, Ed. Tellus, Roma, 2004.

CAPITOLI da studiare:

Il capitolo I - Il territorio tra agricoltura e ruralità;
il capitolo VIII - La disciplina urbanistica delle zone agricole;
il capitolo IX - Gli interessi agricolo e la corte costituzionale;
Il capitolo X - Attività, i parchi il capitolo 11 aree protette e sviluppo rurale;
Il capitolo capitolo XII - Il dialogo tra fonti per un dito grande territoriale.

G. Dimitrio, Le regole di destinazione e di uso edilizio dei suoli agricoli. Capitolo presente nel
Trattato di Diritto del Territorio, (a cura di) F. G. Scoca, P. Stella Richter, P.
Urbani, Torino, 2018.

And other material during the lessons

The courses topics are collected into the following three main thematic groups.
I. Economics: an outline of the history of economic thought, the economic system, the market, demand and supply curves, outlines of consumer theory and production theory,
II. Environmental and natural resources economics: classification of goods, concept of externality, natural resources and scarcity, market failures, social costs, private costs, taxes and subsidies, economy of forest resources and international environmental policies.
III. Economic evaluation: definition and aims of the estimate, methods and procedures, hints of financial mathematics, the value of wood and the forests values, the evaluation of pollution, fire damages, the Total Economic Value, introduction to cost and benefit analysis, estimative metric calculation and project evaluations.

Turner R.K, Pearce D.W., e Bateman I. Enviromental Economics. An Elementary Introduction. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

The lessons, grouped into four cycles, will focus on the following subjects:

The fundamentals of architectural restoration
- Basic terminology
- Key elements of the history and theory of restoration
- Extension of the disciplinary field of restoration; from the ‘individual’ and ‘unique’ monument to the whole anthropised territory
- Concept of environment and protection of the landscape

Knowledge as the indispensable premise behind every preservative action
- Main knowledge-gathering methods and tools

From recognition of the ‘values’ to be safeguarded to the project: use of the acquired knowledge to define the guidelines of the intervention
- Dialectics between conservation and development
- Disciplinary and interdisciplinary links
- Landscape aspects and planning of the territory
- Historical reasons and contemporary requirements

Current legislation

Implementation: all acquired knowledge will be put into practice during a hands-on exercise on a topic proposed by the lecturer.

E Turri, La conoscenza del territorio. Metodologia per un’analisi storico-geografica, Venezia 20092.
P. Baldeschi, Paesaggio e territorio, Firenze 2019.
E. Sereni, Storia del paesaggio agrario italiano, Bari-Roma, Biblioteca Storica Laterza, 2020.

The course aims to promote critical reflection and design experimentation focused on the landscape dimension of the contemporary habitat.
The course consists of ex cathedra theoretical communications and of an applied design experimentation. The latter one relates to the system of open spaces of the Roman area and aimes at their enhancement and/or redevelopment.
The design experimentation has its focus on the ability to interpret and re-elaborate the criticalities of the context of intervention, by experimenting innovative methods of investigation in order to identify points, layers, characters and conditions of the place which can be potentialities for the project and in order to allow a change of meaning by making small and discreet transformations.
Particular attention will be paid to the vegetation project in relation to the existing one, its characteristics and potentials for interaction with the social dimension.
The course proposes an experimentation strongly oriented towards the evolution of people's behavior in their habitat as a starting point for the development of new functions and new expressive characteristics.

There are no texts adopted

With a final landscape workshop (annual) in the third year, the student is preparing to conclude the didactic cycle training related to theoretical practice and operational practice of landscape design of the route triennial. For the students this is the moment in which to summarize the acquired knowledge and experiences previously carried out relating to the theoretical-cognitive and practical-design dimension of the architecture of the landscape.
The laboratory intends to implement and test the methodological tools provided aimed at the knowledge of material and immaterial reality of the anthropized environment with particular reference to the components of the landscape within which the project operates. In this form the
relations of the contemporary landscape project with the history of the territory, with the use of the urban scene and with the expressive domain of techniques in the relationship between architecture and environment, the predominant landscape natural characterization and urban built landscape.
The key issues on which the student will be asked to exercise their sensitivity and to refine their baggage technical are the following: observation and reading of the landscape, knowledge of the materials of the places, plots and geometry of the territories, change in the landscape and in the project, dialectic between architecture and nature, dialectic of internal-external relationships in the interaction between architecture and landscape, dialectic between figure and background, aspects
kinematics of the composition in the landscape project.
In particular, the relationships between the site's topography and anthropogenic actions and configuration will be studied in depth of empty spaces and urban morphologies, traces of historical memory contained in that territory and modifications recent, environmental, ecological, urban, social, role of that space. The work of interpretation reading e design will mainly focus on the urban landscape and will also find inspiration in other sectors disciplines starting from the visual arts.
The module aims to offer in-depth analysis and analysis of national case studies and "good practices" e international landscapes on urban and non-urban landscapes, which can also be of support to the choices for the development of various experiments that the student will carry out over the following years in the various fields characterizing the School of Landscape Architecture.

During the course, a bibliography will be provided which is necessary for the in-depth study of the topics covered.

Definition and characterization of ecosystem services linked to agricultural and forestry lands. Landscape ecology and ecological networks: applicative aspects in landscape design. The assessment of: (i) ecosystem services in the final landscape project: (i) the vulnerability factors of the landscape and (iii) risk of degradation. Ecological-environmental role of agroforestry systems contained in landscape design and management project.

Material provided by the teacher
Vittorio Ingegnoli (auth.) - Bionomia del paesaggio_ L’ecologia del paesaggio biologico-integrata per la formazione di un «medico» dei sistemi ecologici (2011, Springer Milan)
material provided by the teacher at the link https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/ Articolo/moodle by connecting to folder 118592 - Final landscape workshop
DIBAF - LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND DESIGN (L-21) Ecosystem services and project.