Degree Course: Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Syllabus for A.Y. 2021/2022

Scienze agrarie e ambientali

Percorso STANDARD

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
17937 - Botany (objectives) The course aims to provide the basic knowledge of the main botanical disciplines in a single teaching with reference to the agricultural context and therefore also with a preparatory purpose for the future acquisition of knowledge and skills in the management of plant production. It also aims to encourage motivation to study and interest in biological subject related to botany and plant science, to refine an efficient study method, to promote critical analysis, in-depth analysis, independent study and the correct finding of sources. - SANTI Luca (syllabus) The course is structured into three main sections: the first focuses on the basic aspects of plant biology, the second on plant diversity and the evolutionary relationships of plants and the third on the botanical aspects of the main crops. During the course two practical classes are also are planned. In the first section after an introduction on the general concepts of cytology, peculiarities of the plant cell are illustrated, then the different levels of organization are addressed, the morphological and anatomical structure of plants, the mechanisms of development and reproduction, highlighting the relationship between cytological, histological and morphological aspects. In particular at cellular level the following topics will be discussed: the plant cell, the cell wall, the cytoskeleton, the endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus), the vacuole, plastids and the nucleus including also cell cycle and an introduction to mitosis and meiosis. At tissue level, meristematic, parenchymal, mechanical, tegumental, conducting, and secretory tissues, while at the organ level, the stem, leaf and root. Finally, reproduction, seeds and fruits are addressed at organisms level. In the second part, devoted to plant diversity, is illustrated in detail the theory of evolution and the main lines of evolution of the plant kingdom with particular reference to the main morphological, biological, phylogenetic and adaptive aspects of plants. In particular this section of the course covers the main general features, modality of reproduction and systematic of the major plant evolutionary lines: cyanobacteria, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms, both dicotyledons and monocotyledons. The third section considers the botanical aspects of the major crop plants grown in Italy (wheat, rice, tomato, olive, apple, corn, potato, vitis and citrus fruits) but also abroad (soybean, cotton and canola). In this section plants as producers of bioactive molecules, plants as environmental purifiers and plants producing allergens are also shortly introduced. The course also includes a guided visit to the University Botanical Garden "Angelo Rambelli", the visit is intended to illustrate the importance of Botanical Gardens and the underlying principles followed in their design and establishment, particular importance is reserved to explaination of the different recreated biomes. (reference books) Botanica generale e diversità vegetale. Gabriella Pasqua, Giovanna Abbate, Cinzia Forni. Piccin For insights: Biologia delle piante di Raven. Ray F Evert, Susan E Eichhorn. Zanichelli	8	BIO/03	60	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17863 - Organic chemistry and principles of general chemistry (objectives) The course is structured to provide students with a basic knowledge of general chemistry and organic chemistry to achieve the following educational objectives: 1) Knowledge and understanding. Provide a basic understanding of the structure, nomenclature, properties and reactivity of the main inorganic and organic compounds. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding. Develop the ability to connect the topics of the course and also be able to explain phenomena related to problems of everyday life. 3) Making judgments. Develop the ability to analyze data, interpret and solve the exercises. 4) Communication skills. Develop the ability to describe course topics with language properties, clarity, synthesis skills and critical meaning. 5) Learning skills Learn the tools to use for solving exercises. - BERNINI Roberta (syllabus) The course program is divided into two modules, each lasting 32 hours. First module: General Chemistry (32 hours). Electrons, protons, neutrons. Atomic number. Mass number. Isotopes. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. Electronic configuration of the elements. Periodic table of the elements. Groups and periods. Atomic dimensions. Ionization energy. Electron affinity. Electronegativity. Valence electrons. Octet rule. Chemical bonds. Binding energy. Ionic bond. Covalent bond. Lewis structures. Polarity of bonds. Resonance. Hydrogen bond. Van der Waals forces. Mole. Avogadro's number. Reactions and chemical equations. Balance of reactions. Most common inorganic compounds: oxides, anhydrides, hydroxides, hydracids, oxyacids, salts, peroxides, hydrides. Chemical formulas and preparation reactions. Stoichiometric calculations. States of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Changes in state. Solutions. Units of concentration. Molarity, normality, molality, mole fraction, percentage. Dilution and mixing of solutions. Colligative properties. Kinetics. Activation energy. Reaction speed. Catalysts. Reactions at equilibrium. equilibrium constant. Acids and bases. Arrhenius theory. Bronsted-Lowry theory. Theory of Lewis. Strong acids. Weak acids. Strong bases. Weak bases. Acidity constant and alkalinity. Acid-base properties of water. pH and pOH. pH of aqueous solutions containing strong acids/bases, weak acids/bases, polybasic acids, buffers, salts. Acid / base titration. Number of oxidation. Redox reactions. First module: Organic Chemistry (32 hours). Classes of compounds. Functional groups. Hybridization. Alkanes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Structural isomers. Conformational isomers. Combustion reactions and halogenation. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Cis-trans isomers, E/Z. Electrophilic addition reactions. Polymerization reactions. Alkynes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Halogenated compounds: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aromatic hydrocarbons: structure, nomenclature and properties. Reactions of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Huckel rule. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene derivatives. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Alcohols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Dehydration and oxidation reactions. Phenols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Ethers: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aldehydes and ketones: structure, nomenclature and properties. Oxidation, reduction, addition. Carboxylic acids: structure, nomenclature and properties. Saturated and unsaturated fats. Dicarboxylic acids. Acidity. Amines: structure, nomenclature and properties. Heterocyclic amines. Basicity. Stereoisomerism. Enantiomers and diasteromers. Chiral carbon. Properties of chiral molecules. Notation R, S. Carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, peptides, proteins, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids: chemical structure and biological role. (reference books) For a good exam preparation, the following two textbooks are recommended: (1) Fundamentals of General Chemistry - R. Chang, K. Goldsby, McGraw-Hill Education (2) Essential Organic Chemistry - B. Botta, Edi-ermes On the Moodle platform, on the course page, the slides of all the lessons held by the teacher are available.	8	CHIM/06	64	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14618 - Mathematics and principles of physics (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide mathematical and physical formalization and modeling tools, which can be used in various application contexts. The expected learning outcomes are as follows. 1. Knowledge and understanding: knowing and understanding the mathematical models, the laws of physics and the algorithmic methods used in the description and solution of application problems. 2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: to be able to solve application problems using the methods studied. 3. Autonomy of judgment: knowing how to use the acquired knowledge to express autonomous evaluation in the different application contexts. 4. Communication skills: acquire the rigorous language typical of mathematics and physics to communicate clearly and without ambiguity with specialist and non-specialist interlocutors. 5. Learning skills: develop adequate skills that allow you to autonomously explore mathematical and physical issues in the contexts in which you will be working. - Nobili Paolo (syllabus) MATHEMATICS BASICS: Sets, elements, membership, inclusion, intersection, union, difference, empty set. Relations, applications or functions, domain, codomain. Numerical sets, intervals, upper and lower endpoints. Natural numbers, relative integers, rational numbers, real numbers, imaginary numbers, complex numbers, logarithms, one-to-one correspondence with the points of a line. EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES: Basic concepts and elementary algebra overview, analytic geometry overview, equations and inequalities of first and second degree, exercises on the solution of equations and inequalities of second degree and systems of inequalities by analytical and graphical methods. COORDINATES, TRIGONOMETRY: Oriented lines, polar coordinates, cartesian coordinates, distance between two points. Unit circle, trigonometric functions, addition and subtraction formulas, duplication and bisection formulas, transformation between cartesian and polar coordinates. ELEMENTS OF ENUMERATIVE COMBINATORICS: Simple dispositions, permutations and combinations, binomial coefficients, properties and definitions. MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS: Definitions and properties of matrices, diagonal matrices, transpose matrix, inverse matrix. Determinant of a square matrix, Laplace theorems, Sarrus rule, general properties of determinants, minors and rank of a matrix. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix. SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS: Overview on systems of linear equations, Rouché-Capelli theorem, Cramer theorem, systems of m equations in n unknowns, homogeneous systems. ANALYTIC GEOMETRY OVERVIEW: Cartesian plane, equation of a straight line, parallelism, orthogonality and intersection of straight lines. Circle, ellipse, hyperbola and parabola. General equation of conic sections. REAL VARIABLE FUNCTIONS: Trigonometric functions, composition of functions, inverse functions, inf and sup of a function, limits of a function, theorems about limits, uniqueness of limits theorem, permanence of sign theorem, squeeze theorem, limit of a sum, product, quotient, etc. of functions, notable limits. CONTNUOUS FUNCTIONS: Definitions and basic properties, continuity, Neper number, maximum and minimum, inverse function. DERIVATIVES: Definition and geometric interpretation of derivatives, operations on derivatives and differentiation rules, differentiation of trigonometric functions, differentiation of combined functions and inverse functions, differentiability and continuity, differential, higher derivatives, relative maxima and minima, asymptotes, concavity and convexity, inflection points, graphs of functions. Rolle, Cauchy, Lagrange, De L'Hopital theorems, indeterminate forms. TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS: Inverse trigonometric functions, logarithm function, exponential function, hyperbolic functions. FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES: Definitions, domain, limits and continuity, partial derivatives and higher partial derivatives. Hessian matrix. Brief notes on function of n variables. INTEGRALS: Indefinite integrals, definition and properties, relation between integrability e differentiability, notable integrals, definite integrals, calculation of areas. Double integrals. ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS Reality description: models, theories, laws and measurements; the international system of units; scalar quantities and vector quantities; sum and difference of vectors; decomposition of vectors along given directions; scalar product, cross product, mixed product. KINEMATICS: Basics. Motion of point particles. Coordinate systems. Linear velocity and acceleration. Uniform and non-uniform circular motion; angular velocity and acceleration. DYNAMICS: Newton laws (I, II e III) and their applications. Point particles dynamics. Friction forces. Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces. Potential energy; energy conservation. Power. Non-conservative forces. Momentum and its conservation; collisions and their classification. Motion of rigid bodies and equilibrium conditions. Moment of inertia and angular momentum for rotations around a fixed axis; momentum of forces; second law of rigid body dynamics. Kinetic energy; rolling and the role of frictions. Work and power. FLUIDS: Hydrostatics and applications. Fluid dynamics: mass flow rate, conservation law of mass flow rate. Bernoulli theorem and applications. Real fluids: surface tension and capillarity. (reference books) "Lezioni di matematica generale" - Alvaro Marucci - Edizioni Sette Città, Viterbo	8	MAT/05	48	16	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14789 - English Language (objectives) EDUCATIONAL AIMS: The course aims to develop language skills at a pre-intermediate level (B1 in The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), focusing on building essential grammatical and lexical foundations. Lectures are partly organised in in-class practice tests coherent with the International Preliminary English Test (PET). A selection of scientific texts, uploaded to the Moodle page of the course, will be analyzed so that to build lexical knowledge and debating skills related to Natural Sciences subjects. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The student can: - understand texts that consist mainly of high-frequency everyday or job-related language; - understand the description of events, feelings, and wishes in personal letters; - understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters; - enter into a conversation on topics that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life; - connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and events, his/her dreams, hopes and ambitions; - briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions related to scientific topics as well; - write simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest; - write personal letters describing experiences and impressions, and short stories sticking to specific hints. - HERNANDEZ BORRAYO Elizabeth (syllabus) B1 Grammar topics These are topics you need to study to pass an exam at the B1 level, such as Cambridge English Preliminary: Adverbs Both, either, neither A broader range of intensifiers; So, such, too, enough Comparatives and superlatives Question tags Conditionals: 0, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Connecting words expressing cause and effect, contrast, etc. (Linking words) Embedded questions Future (present simple, present continuous, going to+verb, will/shall), Will and going to, for prediction Modals - must/can’t, a deduction Modals – might, may, will, probably Modals – should have/might have/etc Modals: must/have to Present simple/present continuous Past simple/Past continuous Present Perfect/Past perfect Present/Future and Past tense responses Phrasal verbs, extended Prepositions of place and movement Present perfect continuous Present perfect/past simple Reported speech (range of tenses) Passive and Active voice: simple passive Wh- questions in the present, future, and past You can also see which grammar topics are associated with other CEF levels. Vocabulary Topics All the words in this section are in the Cambridge PET word list. These are the important words you need to know to pass an exam at B1 level. Appliances \| Buildings \| Clothes \| Colours \| Education \| Entertainment and Media \| Environment \| Food and Drink \| Health, Medicine and Exercise \| Hobbies and Leisure \| House and Home \| Language \| Personal Feelings, Opinions and Experiences \| Places: Countryside \| Places: Town and City \| Services \| Shopping \| Sport \| Technology and Communications \| The Natural World \| Travel and Transport \| Weather \| Work and Jobs Vocabulary learning tips Read as much as possible. If you come across a word you don't know, write it down or look it up. Use a dictionary. Many browsers include dictionaries. If you are reading online, you may be able to right-click on a word to look it up. Sign up for a 'word a day' email. Think of ways of remembering words. Do they sound like a word in your own language? Remember words are often used together with other words. Try to learn these 'collocations'. (reference books) Bibliography - Texts: 1. Helen Stephenson (Autore), Paul Dummett (Autore), John Hughes, LIFE PRE-INTERMEDIATE 2nd. Edition. Student's book and workbook; Student's book Build Up con CD, DVD-ROM, con e-book e con espansione online e contenuto digitale per download e accesso on line. ISBN: -9788853625144 - (3 Books). Editore: ELI Collana:Inglese corsi ESP Data di Pubblicazione:2018 EAN:9788853625144 ISBN:8853625147 Formato:prodotto in più parti di diverso formato "Bringing National Geographic to Life" - https://eltngl.com/sites/Life2e/NGLandLife Life Product Video https://eltngl.com/sites/Life2e/about-life/life-product-video 2. Raymond Murphy (Author), Lelio Pallini (Author); Essential Grammar in Use, con soluzioni ed eBook, Quarta edizione. Grammatica di base della lingua inglese. ISBN 9781316509029. 3. B1 Preliminary for Schools practice tests, for Revised exam from 2020 con CD-Audio e file audio per il download. ISBN 9788853627872. Editore:ELI Collana:Certificazioni Data di Pubblicazione:2020 EAN:9788853627872 ISBN:8853627875 Pagine:176 Formato:prodotto in più parti di diverso forma 4. Dispense di Lessico e Grammatica livello A1-B1	6	L-LIN/12	48	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14774 - Physiology and Principles of Plant Biotechnology (objectives) The course aims to provide the fundamental bases of plant physiology and biotechnology as well as to facilitate their learning. - Savatin Daniel Valentin (syllabus) General characteristics of the plant Cell wall: composition, structure and functions. Plasmodesmata: structure and function. Vacuole: structure and functions. Transport of water and solutes Water and plant: water importance for the plant. Water characteristics. Water movement from the ground to the atmosphere: diffusion, mass flow and osmosis. Electrochemical potential of water and water potential. Components of water potential. Use of water potential and experimental methods for measuring water potential (psychrometer and pressure chamber). The movement of water in the plant: anatomy of the xylem; radical absorption; root pressure; transpiration; relative humidity; stomata and stomatal regulation. Theory of tension-cohesion. Absorption of solutes: plasma membrane. Active and passive transport. Potential of Nerst (outline). Channels: carriers and pumps; K+ channel and sucrose-proton carrier. Photosynthesis and phloem transport Photosynthesis: light-dependent reactions and carbon reactions. Biosynthesis of starch and sucrose. Photorespiration. Photoinhibition. Site of action of diuron and paraquat herbicides. CO2 concentration mechanisms: C4 plants and CAM plants. Transpiration ratio. The transport of photosynthates: phloem anatomy; characteristics of phloem transport; definition of source and sink organs. Phloem loading and unloading. Pressure flow hypothesis. Assimilate allocation and distribution. Growth, development and defence Importance of light as an environmental signal. Plant responses regulated by blue light and red light. Action spectrum and absorption spectrum. Skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Photoreceptors. Phytochrome characteristics: pr and pfr forms of phytochromes; phytochrome function and its role in the shadow perception in heliophilous plants; importance of the phytochrome in seed germination; photoperiodism; long- and short-day plants. Importance of night duration in the photoperiodic response; demonstration of the phytochrome involvement in the photoperiodic response. Vernalization. Signal perception in leaves. Plant hormones: what is and how a plant hormone acts. Physiological aspects of hormonal activities: multiple responses induced by different hormones. Auxins: auxin polar transport; cell distension and the acid growth hypothesis; phototropism. Gibberellins: induction of alpha-amylase in seed germination; growth of the stem (cell distension) and effect on the cell wall. Cytokinins: stimulation of cell division. Abscisic acid: regulation of stomata the closure. Ethylene: regulation of fruit ripening. Brassinosteroids (brief). The defence response of plants: secondary metabolites; constitutive and induced defence responses, including the acquired systemic response (outline). Plant biotechnology Plant biotechnology: definition. Essential steps for the production of transgenic plants. Importance of knowledge of physiological processes for the manipulation of the traits of interest: Case study: fruit softening process in tomato. GM plant cultivation. (reference books) Recommended textbooks Taiz L. and Zeiger E. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2013), Piccin Rascio et al. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2012), EdiSES Pupillo P., Cervone F., Cresti M, Rascio N., 2003. Biologia vegetale. Zanichelli Teaching material provided by the professor	6	BIO/04	42	4	2	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14787 - Agricultural Genetics (objectives) The AGRICULTURAL GENETICS course aims to provide the information necessary for understanding the theoretical and experimental bases of classical and modern genetics, with particular reference to: 1) structure and function of the hereditary material (DNA, genes, chromosomes and genomes), both in model organisms and of agricultural interest; 2) flow of genetic information (from DNA to proteins) and its regulation; 3) chromosomal bases of heredity (chromosome structure; cell cycle; mitosis; meiosis); 4) inheritance of simple and complex traits (Mendelian and quantitative genetics); 5) genetic variability as the basis for species evolution and genetic improvement (mutations, recombination, hybridization). These fundamental topics of biology (as well as genetics) will be treated in order to make it understood, among other things: - the temporal evolution of scientific thought that led to the discoveries; - the value of intuition and, at the same time, of experimental verification; - the universality of many of the principles on which biological evolution is based; - the logical connection between structure and function; - the transferability of principles and knowledge from model organisms to organisms of agricultural interest; - the importance of knowledge of other fundamental disciplines (e.g. mathematics, statistics, chemistry) for the correct interpretation of the results of a biological experimentation; - the importance of using appropriate and specific language in the exposition; - the importance of comparison and verification of knowledge (between learners and learner-teacher). - CEOLONI Carla (syllabus) - Introduction to Genetics. - The genetic material: chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids. Chromatin and chromosomes; structure of eukaryotic chromosome. - DNA replication. - From DNA to proteins: transcription; genetic code; translation and protein synthesis. - Control of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. - Brief outline of genomics: size, types of sequences and organization of eukaryotic genomes (examples of sequenced animal and plant genomes, as compared to prokaryotic genomes). Chromosomes and chromatin; structure of the eukaryotic chromosome, karyotypes; chromatin organization: nucleosomes and super-coiling and effect on transcription; eu- and heterochromatin, banding. - Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. - Genetics and inheritance of simple traits: Mendel's laws - dominance and recessiveness, segregation in monohybrids and dihybrids, independent assortment, testcross, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and codominance. Chromosome theory of inheritance. - Linkage and recombination; genetic maps. - Mutations: point mutations; chromosome rearrangements, transposable elements, genomic variations: polyploidy, aploidy, aneuploidy. - Brief outline of genetics of quantitative traits: continuous variation, mean and variance. Experiments by Nilsson-Ehle and Emerson-East. Heritability estimates, response to selection. (reference books) - Main textbook: Russell PJ .: Genetics - A molecular approach, Pearson publisher (or similar textbooks, preferably by the same author) - Teaching material of all the topics covered, including any insights, provided by the teacher and available on the teaching materials website	6	AGR/07	42	6	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14790 - Principles of Agriculture Economics (objectives) To learn the basic elements to understand how the economic system works, the ways in which prices are formed, how markets works and the reasons for their "failure". To learn also the essential elements of the economy of the firm. - SENNI Saverio (syllabus) • Introduction: the use and models in economics • The market mechanism • Individual and aggregate demand • Individual and aggregate supply • Market equilibrium and its alterations • Substitute and complementary goods • Price and Income elasticity • The role of the public sector • The production function, • Types of production costs • Implicit, explicit and opportunity costs • Fixed and variable costs, average and marginal costs • Maximum profit in perfect competition • Externalities • Public goods (reference books) Gregory Mankiw, Essentials of Economics	6	AGR/01	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14791 - Biology and breeding of domestic animals
- Zootecnica speciale: tecnologie per l'allevamento (objectives) Provide students with knowledge of the structure, management and monitoring of performance related to livestock breeding. In particular, students will have to acquire basic knowledge about animal welfare, the environmental impact of farms, genetic improvement, nutrition and farming techniques. - LACETERA Nicola (syllabus) Parameters and indices of zootechnical interest: growth, reproduction and lactation. The intrinsic quality of products of animal origin. Animal welfare. The environmental impact of breeding activities. Genetic improvement of farm animals. Notions of nutrition and feeding of farm animals. The breeding of dairy cattle. Pig breeding. Breeding of poultry species. (reference books) - Sandrucci A., Trevisi, E. 2022. Produzioni animali. EdiSES Edizioni S.r.l., Napoli. - Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. 2009. Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici. Edagricole, Bologna. - Fondamenti di Zootecnia. Miglioramento genetico, Nutrizione e Alimentazione. 2007. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Tecniche di Produzione Animale. 2005. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Papers provided by professor.	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Biologia animale e zootecnia generale (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide students the basic knowledge concerning the morphology and physiology of the main animal species raised (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs) with particular reference to those considered important for different productions. The knowledge acquired at the end of the course will allow students to better understand the contents of the following disciplines concerning breeding systems, feeding and animal nutrition, reproduction, animal welfare. - vitali andrea (syllabus) Levels of organization of the animal body: concept of cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus. Elements of morphology and physiology of the main tissues. Morpho-functional aspects of the Skeletal, Articular and Muscular System. Digestive system of monogastric and polygastric animals; Male and female reproductive systems; Mammary gland and lactation physiology. Endocrine system, Physiology of thermoregulation. Immune response. Natural and instrumental mating, innovative biotechnology of reproduction. Body conformation, production attitudes/capacity and distribution of the main livestock species and breeds. (reference books) Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. - Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici, Edagricole Bologna Bittante G. , I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin, Tecniche di produzione animale, Liviana Editrice, Padova Aguggini G., Beghelli V., Giulio L.F. Fisiologia degli Animali Domestici con Elementi di Etologia. UTET, Torino	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14799 - Optional Subject	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15180 - Agronomy

- Casa Raffaele (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/02

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15184 - Horticulture and Floriculture (objectives)

- COLLA Giuseppe (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/04

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Insegnamenti di profilo - (show)

15185 - Agrochemistry - ASTOLFI Stefania (syllabus) Il suolo La definizione di suolo I componenti del suolo Le proprieta’ fisiche del suolo La tessitura La struttura La densità e la porosità Consistenza, temperatura, colore Movimento dell’acqua nel suolo Rapporti acqua-suolo Il potenziale dell’acqua nel suolo Acqua disponibile nel suolo Il movimento dell’acqua nel suolo Le proprieta’ chimico-fisiche del suolo Lo scambio cationico e anionico Il pH del suolo e sua misura Potere tampone del suolo Le reazioni di ossido-riduzione La sostanza organica Costituenti della sostanza organica Sostanze umiche Umificazione Estrazione delle sostanze umiche Immobilizzazione e mineralizzazione della sostanza organica Il ciclo dei nutrienti nel sistema suolo-pianta Gli elementi nutritivi: • macroelementi • microelementi Movimento dei nutrienti verso le radici: • intercettazione • flusso di massa • diffusione Ciclo dell’azoto, del fosforo e dello zolfo: • riserve e forme • apporti • asportazioni La rizosfera Suoli anomali (reference books) Sequi P., Ciavatta C., Miano T. "Fondamenti di chimica del suolo" Pàtron Radaelli e Calamai "Chimica del terreno" Piccin Sequi "Chimica del suolo" Patron Hand-outs from lessons	6	AGR/13	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
15188 - Animal welfare and health and environmental impact of livestock (objectives) Provide students with knowledge to prevent and evaluate the establishment of conditions of poor well-being and health in farm animals. Provide students with knowledge on the environmental impact of livestock farming activities. Provide students with knowledge on the legislative context of reference in the fields of animal health and welfare and environmental impact of livestock farming. - LACETERA Nicola (syllabus) ANIMAL WELFARE: definitions; critical points; indicators; regulations referring to breeding, transport and slaughter. ANIMAL HEALTH: notions of epidemiology; causes of illness; communicable diseases; spread of diseases; prophylaxis, prevention, control and eradication; main diseases of ruminants, pig, horse and avian species. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANIMAL BREEDING ACTIVITIES: sustainable development concept; environmental impact upstream of the farm; environmental impact of farming activities; environmental impact downstream of the farm; structural, food and management strategies to reduce the environmental impact of farming activities. (reference books) - Nicola Montemurro. 2002. Igiene zootecnica. Come favorire la salute e il benessere degli animali in allevamento. Il Sole 24 Ore Edagricole. - Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali. 2001. Liquami zootecnici. Manuale per l'utilizzazione agronomica. Edizioni L'Informatore Agrario. - Papers provided by professor.	6	AGR/19	34	-	6	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
16318 - Landuse planning lab (objectives) The course aims at the learning of territorial planning principles with a systemic approach considering the socio-ecological complexity of urban, industrial and rural systems, their impacts and interactions on at landscape scale. The teaching, carried out largely in practical mode, is aimed at students acquiring the ability to analyze and evaluate the systems under study through a spatial approach and GIS tools. Furthermore, the interaction between students in groups aimed at problem-solving in decision-making processes will be stimulated. - PETROSELLI ANNA RITA (syllabus) Hints of traditional and digital cartography Photointerpretation and Applications Graphic and Digital Representation (QGIS) Territorial Planning: Tools, Plans, Constraints Territorial Analysis. SWOT analysis Systems and models of analysis Applications of analysis systems Exercise on a topic chosen during the course of study (reference books) Handouts distributed during the lessons	6	ICAR/20	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17589 - Quality certification of plant production and processes (objectives) The course aims to provide basic knowledge and skills on practical practices for integrated quality management in the main plant productions. Through knowledge of current legislation (at National, European and International level) and of production processes, students must be able to know, identify and evaluate the main quality certifications in order to protect and improve plant production. - CAMPIGLIA Enio (syllabus) 1- General aspects on the quality and safety of vegetable production 2 - Quality in agriculture (the different forms of quality) 3 - The certification 4 - The labeling 5 - Quality in the farm 6 - Biological and biodynamic production (outline) 7 - Integrated agriculture 8 - Certifications of origin 9 - The hygienic-sanitary quality - HACCP (outline) 10 - European quality certifications - GlobalGap 11 - ISO standards (outline) 12 - Certifications for vegetarians and vegans (outline) (reference books) Reference books: - Ferrucci D. 2018. La certificazione dei prodotti biologici. Un analisi tecnico-giuridica del segno e dei contenuti. Edizione Associazione di Agraria.org Ferrucci D. 2020. Qualità e certificazione dei prodotti agroalimentari. Edizione Associazione di Agraria.org. pp. 139.	6	AGR/02	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

15179 - Agricultural Hydraulics and Mechanisation

15179-1 - Ingegneria delle acque (objectives)

- PETROSELLI Andrea (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/08

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15179-2 - Meccanica agraria (objectives)

- MONARCA Danilo (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/09

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Second semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15181 - Rural Tectonics and topography (objectives)

- Marucci Alvaro (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/10

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15182 - Herbaceous crops (objectives)

- CAMPIGLIA Enio (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/02

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15183 - Pomology (objectives)

- MULEO Rosario (syllabus)

The tree as a complex biological system which integrates organs and functions, with properties to adapt to the ambient. Organography of cultivated fruit crop species. The correlative relationships among organs and development of the tree's epigeal organs and growth patterns. Natural skeleton and architecture of canopy of tree crop plants, determinism of form and size. The role of anthropic actions on fruit culture and evolution of forms of cultivated canopies. Physiognomy and development of root systems.
Physiological and genetic regulation of flowering: factors controlling flower morphogenesis and fruit set. Sterility and self-incompatibility in fruit tree plants. Fruit development and ripening: growth patterns, biochemical dynamic of fruit components. Fruit quality characteristics of different species; ripening indexes and evaluation methods of quality parameters.
Fruit tree crop canopies managements: pruning and tilling techniques for controlling fruit development and ripening.
Physiological and genetic molecular bases and techniques of adventitious rooting and agamic fruit crop propagation. Organization of nursery and control of true-to-type identity and sanity.
Plant and environment interaction. The concept of environmental vocation and suitability and hints of eco-physiology (role of environmental factors in the development of the tree). The use of environmental resources in the cultivation technique (water, fertility elements, light). Soil management techniques. Fruit quality and the influence of terroir. Conventional and sustainable production models. The orchard system, training management and functional diversity. Multifunctionality of tree production systems.
Monographic treatment of the main tree crops: vine, olive, actinidia, stone fruit, pome fruit, chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, citrus and minor fruit trees. For each species are synthetically considered: botanical and biological peculiarities; pedo-climatic needs; cultivation problems; varietal panorama; propagation; cultivation techniques (planting, foliage, ripening and post-harvest management).

(reference books)

AGR/03

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Insegnamenti di profilo - (show)

15187 - Livestock Feeding and Nutrition (objectives) In line with the educational objectives of the Degree Course in 'Agricultural and Environmental Sciences', the teaching taught has the general objective of acquiring knowledge about nutritive principles and the feeding of the animals in livestock production. - BERNABUCCI Umberto (syllabus) Classification of feeds, their nutrients and chemical-physical evaluation Carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogenous substances, lignin, Maillard products, tannins. Sampling of zootechnical foods. Measurement of the content in nutritional principles. Partiche size determination. Digestion in monogastrics and polygastrics. Absorption mechanisms. Metabolic pathways of higher animals. Nutritional requirement of farm animals. Nutritional value of feeds. In vivo and in vitro digestibility measurement. Systems of expression of the energy value and protein value of food. Concentrates and forages classification. Introduction to animal rationing in livestock production. Precision feeding. (reference books) Slides and technical articles provided by the teacher, downloadable from the site and made available on the DropBox folder. Antongiovanni M., Gualtieri M. 1998. Nutrizione e alimentazione animale. Edagricole, Bologna. Antongiovanni M. 2004. Nutrizione degli animali in produzione zootecnica. Edagricole, Bologna. Bittante G., Andrighetto I., Ramanzin M. Fondamenti di Zootecnica. 1995. Liviana editrice. Padova. Cevolani D. 2002. Prontuario degli alimenti per la vacca da latte. 65 schede per valutare le materie prime. Edagricole, Bologna.	6	AGR/18	40	-	8	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
16319 - Landscape architecture lab - Ripa Maria Nicolina (syllabus) Landscape: definitions and regulatory framework (national and European law) Landscape plan Methods and tools for landscape analysis Landscape dynamics Landscape structural and functional analysis Elements of environmental design Ecological networks, Vegetated Filter Strips, Ecological infrastructures) Elements of drawing and design (reference books) Notes provided by professor	6	ICAR/15	24	-	24	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17590 - Quality certification of animal production and processes (objectives) a) Educational Goals In line with the educational objectives of the degree course in 'Agricultural and Environmental Sciences' teaching imparted to students who choose the profile 'Certification of product quality and agricultural processes', has the general objective to acquire basic knowledge and application on concept of total quality of food of animal origin and the certification and traceability systems. b) Expected results At the end, students will be able to: - Recognize and discuss the parameters that express the concepts of total quality; - Be able to understand what environmental and genetic factors are responsible for the quality changes; - Gain knowledge about systems of certification and traceability of animal products. - Danieli Pierpaolo (syllabus) As for the theme of the “Quality and the certification of animal food products”, the programme is organized aroud the following points: - evolution of the concept of quality for the animal food products; - intrinsic quality (bromatological, nutritional, organoleptic, technological and safety-related); - extrinsic quality (animal welfare, environmental impact of livestock farming and industry) of animal food product; - relevant issues and study cases for the main animal food products: eggs, meat, milk and dairy products, seafoods, hive products and insects for feed/food; (reference books) Study materials suggested: - Mele M., Pulina G., - Alimenti di origine animale e salute. - EDITORE Francoangeli, 2016. - Bernardi E., Capri E., Pulina G. -La sostenibilità delle carni e dei salumi in Italia. Salute, sicurezza, ambiente, benessere animale, economia circolare e lotta allo spreco. -EDITORE Francoangeli, 2018. - Contessi A., Le api. Biologia, allevamento, prodotti – Edagricole - EFSA, 2021. Safety of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA Journal. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6343 Other study materials can be suggested by the teacher at lesson.	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
119060 - . (objectives) Course objectives The course of Ecology and Agroecology principles aims to provide basic applying knowledge and understanding tools for the analysis of agroecosystems through a systemic approach. The course aims to provide the main agroecology tools including a basic knowledge of general ecology. The knowledge gained in the course aim to provide learning skills, skillsm making judgements, communication skills in analysis, design and management of sustainable agricultural systems studied in his systematic unit. - MANCINELLI Roberto (syllabus) Course contents Lectures in the class: 40 hours. Origins of Ecology as scientific discipline. Systemic approach to ecological scince as bridge between the disciplines. The holistic application to reality: the concept of ecosystem. The organization of the living organisms. The ecosystem: structure, components, interactions, ecological successions, seral and climax stages, organisms and their functions, ecological niche, etc. Analysis of ecological systems and ecological efficiencies between and within the trophic levels. Classes of systems: natural and anthropogenic, relations between ecosystem and agroecosystem. Resources: the agricultural meteorology and climatology references and relationships between climate factors and living organisms. Systemic approach applied to the agricultural world: the concept of agro-ecosystem; agroecosystem properties (productivity, stability, sustainability). The farm as agro-ecosystem. Energy transfers and rationalization of input auxiliary energy in the agroecosystems. Influence of agronomic interventions on biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. Soil carbon fluxes in different cropping systems. Importance of legume species in the agroecosystems. Environmental effects related to the water cycle. The management of agro-ecosystems for reducting the erosion and for defense of soil fertility. Importance of the agroecosystem biodiversity and mixed farming for soil fertility. Importance of structural complexity between and within the fields: hedges and polyculture. Relations between agriculture and society: traditional farming systems, conventional and alternative. Environmental impact of agriculture: pollution and loss of biodiversity. The diffusion of pollutants from agricultural sources in the environment. The organic and ecological agriculture: legislative nods and agrotechnical applications aimed at reducing negative environmental impacts. Field exercises: 8 hours. Some concrete situations will be observed on field of aspects dealt in classroom concerning some agronomic applications addressed to the sustainable management of agroecosystems. (reference books) - Lesson slides, available on Dropbox at link provided by the teacher, - Caporali F., Campiglia E., Mancinelli R., 2010. Agroecologia: Teoria e pratica degli agroecosistemi. De Agostini Scuola SpA, Novara. 222 pp. ISBN: 978-88-251-7352-9. - Bullini L., Pignatti S., Virzo De Santo A., 1998. Ecologia generale. UTET, Torino. 519 pp.	6	AGR/02	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15190 - Protezione delle colture

15190-1 - Entomologia agraria (objectives)

- GUGLIELMINO Adalgisa (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/11

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15023 - Industrie agrarie (objectives)

- LIBURDI Katia (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/15

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15191 - Economia dell'azienda agraria (objectives)

- DONO Gabriele (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/01

Related or supplementary learning activities

ITA

Optional group: Laboratorio di profilo - (show)

Second semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15190 - Protezione delle colture

15190-2 - Patologia vegetale (objectives)

- BALESTRA Giorgio mariano (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/12

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15189 - Estimo rurale (objectives)

- COLETTA Attilio (syllabus) (reference books)

AGR/01

Core compulsory activities

ITA

15192 - Prova finale

Final examination and foreign language test

ITA

Optional group: Laboratorio di profilo - (show)

15194 - Laboratorio energia e ambiente (objectives)

The fundamental objective of the "Energy and Environment Laboratory" course is to provide the student with the knowledge and technical and practical skills for the choice, rough sizing and development of plant solutions aimed at producing energy from renewable energy sources. .
1) knowledge and understanding: the expected learning outcomes are the knowledge of the criteria and strategies aimed at choosing, analyzing and optimizing aspects related to energy and the environment, with a view to sustainable development ;
2) applied knowledge and understanding: theoretical and practical notions associated with the energy cycle, with the types of fossil fuels compared to those from renewable sources with obvious references to the dynamics of environmental pollution, biomass, biochemical processes of energy production (biochemical processes, in particular anaerobic digestion with biogas upgrading and thermochemical processes, in particular the gasification process), geothermal energy with low enthalpy plants, solar energy (both thermal and photovoltaic), bioliquids and biofuels. In addition, the practical tools typically needed in the energy characterization of biomasses at accredited laboratories will be discussed;
3) independent judgment: at the end of the course the student will have practical and theoretical notions relating to the main types of plants for the exploitation of renewable energy sources, strengthening the skills already developed in the three-year degree course and having the ability to solve related problems to issues, even new ones or which require multidisciplinary approaches, in any case deriving from the sector under study.
4) communication skills: at the end of the course the student will be able to communicate his conclusions in a clear and unambiguous way to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors operating in the renewable energy sector;
5) ability to learn: among the expected results is the student's development of a learning ability that allows him to deepen the issues addressed independently, adapting to the needs he will encounter in the workplace.

- CARLINI Maurizio (syllabus) (reference books)

ING-IND/09

Other activities

ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

17009 - English language B2	6		48	-	-	-		ITA
18353 - d - Colantoni Andrea	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura - Derived from 16971 Agricoltura di montagna in SCIENZE DELLA MONTAGNA (L-25 Rieti) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
119342 - Plagas emergentes de la agricultura Europea - Derived from 119342 Plagas emergentes de la agricultura Europea in CONSERVAZIONE E RESTAURO DELL' AMBIENTE E DELLE FORESTE (LM-73) LM-73 Speranza Stefano	3	AGR/11	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119343 - Forest ecology - Derived from 118625 Ecologia forestale e dendrometria in SCIENZE DELLE FORESTE E DELLA NATURA (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118339 - Relevant bacterial plant diseases - Derived from 118339 Relevant bacterial plant diseases in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 BALESTRA Giorgio mariano	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Legislation and case studies for professional agronomists - COLETTA Attilio	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	-	ITA
15099 - Computer Aided Design - ARCANGELETTI ETTORE	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change - Derived from 118294 Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 BERNABUCCI Umberto	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change - Derived from 118285 Forest ecology and management underclimate change in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 Di Filippo Alfredo	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
118344 - Forest soils - Derived from 118344 Forest soils in SCIENZE DELLE FORESTE E DELLA NATURA (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119527 - Dendrometria e assestamento forestale - Derived from 118625 Ecologia forestale e dendrometria in SCIENZE DELLE FORESTE E DELLA NATURA (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
119528 - Environmental assessment of livestock production systems - Vitali Andrea	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
118341 - Emerging fungal pathogens in agriculture and forestry - Derived from 118341 Emerging fungal pathogens in agriculture and forestry in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 MAZZAGLIA Angelo	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Esercizio e pratica professionale (afs)	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	ITA
15099 - Progettazione assistita CAD (afs)	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	ITA
17009 - Lingua inglese B2	6		48	-	-	-	ITA
18353 - Elementi di sicurezza modulo A	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-	ITA
118283 - Impact and adaptation to Climate Change: economic aspects	3	AGR/01	24	-	-	-	ITA
118284 - Adaptation and mitigation of climate change in cropping systems	3	AGR/02	24	-	-	-	ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-	ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-	ITA
118345 - Arboricoltura da frutto	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	ITA
118324 - Research application on forest logging	6	AGR/06	48	-	-	-	ITA
118325 - Research application on wood technology	3	AGR/06	24	-	-	-	ITA
118326 - Forest naturalness and management	3	AGR/05	24	-	-	-	ITA
118327 - Forest Genetic Resources	3	AGR/05	24	-	-	-	ITA
118346 - Bioinformatics	6	BIO/11	48	-	-	-	ITA
118335 - Precision agriculture in arable crops	3	AGR/02	24	-	-	-	ITA
118336 - New woody fruit crop management	3	AGR/03	24	-	-	-	ITA
118339 - Relevant bacterial plant diseases	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-	ITA
118341 - Emerging fungal pathogens in agriculture and forestry	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-	ITA
118344 - Forest soils	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-	ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118382 - Laboratorio di analisi del paesaggio	6	AGR/10	48	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	ITA
118264 - Genetica forestale	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118265 - Conservazione della biodiversità forestale	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-	ITA
118266 - Sistemazioni idraulico forestali	6	AGR/08	48	-	-	-	ITA
118267 - Costruzioni forestali e rilievo del territorio	6	AGR/10	48	-	-	-	ITA
118268 - Sistemi zootecnici estensivi	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	ITA
118269 - Gestione delle risorse faunistiche	6	AGR/19	48	-	-	-	ITA
118270 - Patologia forestale	6	AGR/12	48	-	-	-	ITA
118271 - Entomologia forestale	6	AGR/11	48	-	-	-	ITA
118274 - Energie rinnovabili	6	ING-IND/09	48	-	-	-	ITA
118275 - Utilizzazioni forestali	6	AGR/06	48	-	-	-	ITA
118276 - Miglioramento genetico forestale	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118277 - Laboratorio di tecnologia del legno	6	AGR/06	48	-	-	-	ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Esercizio e pratica professionale (afs)	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	ITA
15099 - Progettazione assistita CAD (afs)	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	ITA
17009 - Lingua inglese B2	6		48	-	-	-	ITA
18353 - Elementi di sicurezza modulo A	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-	ITA
118283 - Impact and adaptation to Climate Change: economic aspects	3	AGR/01	24	-	-	-	ITA
118284 - Adaptation and mitigation of climate change in cropping systems	3	AGR/02	24	-	-	-	ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-	ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-	ITA
118345 - Arboricoltura da frutto	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	ITA
118324 - Research application on forest logging	6	AGR/06	48	-	-	-	ITA
118325 - Research application on wood technology	3	AGR/06	24	-	-	-	ITA
118326 - Forest naturalness and management	3	AGR/05	24	-	-	-	ITA
118327 - Forest Genetic Resources	3	AGR/05	24	-	-	-	ITA
118346 - Bioinformatics	6	BIO/11	48	-	-	-	ITA
118335 - Precision agriculture in arable crops	3	AGR/02	24	-	-	-	ITA
118336 - New woody fruit crop management	3	AGR/03	24	-	-	-	ITA
118339 - Relevant bacterial plant diseases	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-	ITA
118341 - Emerging fungal pathogens in agriculture and forestry	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-	ITA
118344 - Forest soils	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-	ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118382 - Laboratorio di analisi del paesaggio	6	AGR/10	48	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	ITA
118264 - Genetica forestale	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118265 - Conservazione della biodiversità forestale	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-	ITA
118266 - Sistemazioni idraulico forestali	6	AGR/08	48	-	-	-	ITA
118267 - Costruzioni forestali e rilievo del territorio	6	AGR/10	48	-	-	-	ITA
118268 - Sistemi zootecnici estensivi	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	ITA
118269 - Gestione delle risorse faunistiche	6	AGR/19	48	-	-	-	ITA
118270 - Patologia forestale	6	AGR/12	48	-	-	-	ITA
118271 - Entomologia forestale	6	AGR/11	48	-	-	-	ITA
118274 - Energie rinnovabili	6	ING-IND/09	48	-	-	-	ITA
118275 - Utilizzazioni forestali	6	AGR/06	48	-	-	-	ITA
118276 - Miglioramento genetico forestale	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	ITA
118277 - Laboratorio di tecnologia del legno	6	AGR/06	48	-	-	-	ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-	ITA

Biotecnologie agrarie

Percorso STANDARD

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14618 - Mathematics and principles of physics (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide mathematical and physical formalization and modeling tools, which can be used in various application contexts. The expected learning outcomes are as follows. 1. Knowledge and understanding: knowing and understanding the mathematical models, the laws of physics and the algorithmic methods used in the description and solution of application problems. 2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: to be able to solve application problems using the methods studied. 3. Autonomy of judgment: knowing how to use the acquired knowledge to express autonomous evaluation in the different application contexts. 4. Communication skills: acquire the rigorous language typical of mathematics and physics to communicate clearly and without ambiguity with specialist and non-specialist interlocutors. 5. Learning skills: develop adequate skills that allow you to autonomously explore mathematical and physical issues in the contexts in which you will be working. - Nobili Paolo (syllabus) MATHEMATICS BASICS: Sets, elements, membership, inclusion, intersection, union, difference, empty set. Relations, applications or functions, domain, codomain. Numerical sets, intervals, upper and lower endpoints. Natural numbers, relative integers, rational numbers, real numbers, imaginary numbers, complex numbers, logarithms, one-to-one correspondence with the points of a line. EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES: Basic concepts and elementary algebra overview, analytic geometry overview, equations and inequalities of first and second degree, exercises on the solution of equations and inequalities of second degree and systems of inequalities by analytical and graphical methods. COORDINATES, TRIGONOMETRY: Oriented lines, polar coordinates, cartesian coordinates, distance between two points. Unit circle, trigonometric functions, addition and subtraction formulas, duplication and bisection formulas, transformation between cartesian and polar coordinates. ELEMENTS OF ENUMERATIVE COMBINATORICS: Simple dispositions, permutations and combinations, binomial coefficients, properties and definitions. MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS: Definitions and properties of matrices, diagonal matrices, transpose matrix, inverse matrix. Determinant of a square matrix, Laplace theorems, Sarrus rule, general properties of determinants, minors and rank of a matrix. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix. SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS: Overview on systems of linear equations, Rouché-Capelli theorem, Cramer theorem, systems of m equations in n unknowns, homogeneous systems. ANALYTIC GEOMETRY OVERVIEW: Cartesian plane, equation of a straight line, parallelism, orthogonality and intersection of straight lines. Circle, ellipse, hyperbola and parabola. General equation of conic sections. REAL VARIABLE FUNCTIONS: Trigonometric functions, composition of functions, inverse functions, inf and sup of a function, limits of a function, theorems about limits, uniqueness of limits theorem, permanence of sign theorem, squeeze theorem, limit of a sum, product, quotient, etc. of functions, notable limits. CONTNUOUS FUNCTIONS: Definitions and basic properties, continuity, Neper number, maximum and minimum, inverse function. DERIVATIVES: Definition and geometric interpretation of derivatives, operations on derivatives and differentiation rules, differentiation of trigonometric functions, differentiation of combined functions and inverse functions, differentiability and continuity, differential, higher derivatives, relative maxima and minima, asymptotes, concavity and convexity, inflection points, graphs of functions. Rolle, Cauchy, Lagrange, De L'Hopital theorems, indeterminate forms. TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS: Inverse trigonometric functions, logarithm function, exponential function, hyperbolic functions. FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES: Definitions, domain, limits and continuity, partial derivatives and higher partial derivatives. Hessian matrix. Brief notes on function of n variables. INTEGRALS: Indefinite integrals, definition and properties, relation between integrability e differentiability, notable integrals, definite integrals, calculation of areas. Double integrals. ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS Reality description: models, theories, laws and measurements; the international system of units; scalar quantities and vector quantities; sum and difference of vectors; decomposition of vectors along given directions; scalar product, cross product, mixed product. KINEMATICS: Basics. Motion of point particles. Coordinate systems. Linear velocity and acceleration. Uniform and non-uniform circular motion; angular velocity and acceleration. DYNAMICS: Newton laws (I, II e III) and their applications. Point particles dynamics. Friction forces. Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces. Potential energy; energy conservation. Power. Non-conservative forces. Momentum and its conservation; collisions and their classification. Motion of rigid bodies and equilibrium conditions. Moment of inertia and angular momentum for rotations around a fixed axis; momentum of forces; second law of rigid body dynamics. Kinetic energy; rolling and the role of frictions. Work and power. FLUIDS: Hydrostatics and applications. Fluid dynamics: mass flow rate, conservation law of mass flow rate. Bernoulli theorem and applications. Real fluids: surface tension and capillarity. (reference books) "Lezioni di matematica generale" - Alvaro Marucci - Edizioni Sette Città, Viterbo	8	MAT/05	48	16	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17863 - Organic chemistry and principles of general chemistry (objectives) The course is structured to provide students with a basic knowledge of general chemistry and organic chemistry to achieve the following educational objectives: 1) Knowledge and understanding. Provide a basic understanding of the structure, nomenclature, properties and reactivity of the main inorganic and organic compounds. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding. Develop the ability to connect the topics of the course and also be able to explain phenomena related to problems of everyday life. 3) Making judgments. Develop the ability to analyze data, interpret and solve the exercises. 4) Communication skills. Develop the ability to describe course topics with language properties, clarity, synthesis skills and critical meaning. 5) Learning skills Learn the tools to use for solving exercises. - BERNINI Roberta (syllabus) The course program is divided into two modules, each lasting 32 hours. First module: General Chemistry (32 hours). Electrons, protons, neutrons. Atomic number. Mass number. Isotopes. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. Electronic configuration of the elements. Periodic table of the elements. Groups and periods. Atomic dimensions. Ionization energy. Electron affinity. Electronegativity. Valence electrons. Octet rule. Chemical bonds. Binding energy. Ionic bond. Covalent bond. Lewis structures. Polarity of bonds. Resonance. Hydrogen bond. Van der Waals forces. Mole. Avogadro's number. Reactions and chemical equations. Balance of reactions. Most common inorganic compounds: oxides, anhydrides, hydroxides, hydracids, oxyacids, salts, peroxides, hydrides. Chemical formulas and preparation reactions. Stoichiometric calculations. States of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Changes in state. Solutions. Units of concentration. Molarity, normality, molality, mole fraction, percentage. Dilution and mixing of solutions. Colligative properties. Kinetics. Activation energy. Reaction speed. Catalysts. Reactions at equilibrium. equilibrium constant. Acids and bases. Arrhenius theory. Bronsted-Lowry theory. Theory of Lewis. Strong acids. Weak acids. Strong bases. Weak bases. Acidity constant and alkalinity. Acid-base properties of water. pH and pOH. pH of aqueous solutions containing strong acids/bases, weak acids/bases, polybasic acids, buffers, salts. Acid / base titration. Number of oxidation. Redox reactions. First module: Organic Chemistry (32 hours). Classes of compounds. Functional groups. Hybridization. Alkanes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Structural isomers. Conformational isomers. Combustion reactions and halogenation. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Cis-trans isomers, E/Z. Electrophilic addition reactions. Polymerization reactions. Alkynes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Halogenated compounds: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aromatic hydrocarbons: structure, nomenclature and properties. Reactions of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Huckel rule. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene derivatives. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Alcohols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Dehydration and oxidation reactions. Phenols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Ethers: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aldehydes and ketones: structure, nomenclature and properties. Oxidation, reduction, addition. Carboxylic acids: structure, nomenclature and properties. Saturated and unsaturated fats. Dicarboxylic acids. Acidity. Amines: structure, nomenclature and properties. Heterocyclic amines. Basicity. Stereoisomerism. Enantiomers and diasteromers. Chiral carbon. Properties of chiral molecules. Notation R, S. Carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, peptides, proteins, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids: chemical structure and biological role. (reference books) For a good exam preparation, the following two textbooks are recommended: (1) Fundamentals of General Chemistry - R. Chang, K. Goldsby, McGraw-Hill Education (2) Essential Organic Chemistry - B. Botta, Edi-ermes On the Moodle platform, on the course page, the slides of all the lessons held by the teacher are available.	8	CHIM/06	64	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17937 - Botany (objectives) The course aims to provide the basic knowledge of the main botanical disciplines in a single teaching with reference to the agricultural context and therefore also with a preparatory purpose for the future acquisition of knowledge and skills in the management of plant production. It also aims to encourage motivation to study and interest in biological subject related to botany and plant science, to refine an efficient study method, to promote critical analysis, in-depth analysis, independent study and the correct finding of sources. - SANTI Luca (syllabus) The course is structured into three main sections: the first focuses on the basic aspects of plant biology, the second on plant diversity and the evolutionary relationships of plants and the third on the botanical aspects of the main crops. During the course two practical classes are also are planned. In the first section after an introduction on the general concepts of cytology, peculiarities of the plant cell are illustrated, then the different levels of organization are addressed, the morphological and anatomical structure of plants, the mechanisms of development and reproduction, highlighting the relationship between cytological, histological and morphological aspects. In particular at cellular level the following topics will be discussed: the plant cell, the cell wall, the cytoskeleton, the endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus), the vacuole, plastids and the nucleus including also cell cycle and an introduction to mitosis and meiosis. At tissue level, meristematic, parenchymal, mechanical, tegumental, conducting, and secretory tissues, while at the organ level, the stem, leaf and root. Finally, reproduction, seeds and fruits are addressed at organisms level. In the second part, devoted to plant diversity, is illustrated in detail the theory of evolution and the main lines of evolution of the plant kingdom with particular reference to the main morphological, biological, phylogenetic and adaptive aspects of plants. In particular this section of the course covers the main general features, modality of reproduction and systematic of the major plant evolutionary lines: cyanobacteria, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms, both dicotyledons and monocotyledons. The third section considers the botanical aspects of the major crop plants grown in Italy (wheat, rice, tomato, olive, apple, corn, potato, vitis and citrus fruits) but also abroad (soybean, cotton and canola). In this section plants as producers of bioactive molecules, plants as environmental purifiers and plants producing allergens are also shortly introduced. The course also includes a guided visit to the University Botanical Garden "Angelo Rambelli", the visit is intended to illustrate the importance of Botanical Gardens and the underlying principles followed in their design and establishment, particular importance is reserved to explaination of the different recreated biomes. (reference books) Botanica generale e diversità vegetale. Gabriella Pasqua, Giovanna Abbate, Cinzia Forni. Piccin For insights: Biologia delle piante di Raven. Ray F Evert, Susan E Eichhorn. Zanichelli	8	BIO/03	60	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14789 - English Language (objectives) EDUCATIONAL AIMS: The course aims to develop language skills at a pre-intermediate level (B1 in The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), focusing on building essential grammatical and lexical foundations. Lectures are partly organised in in-class practice tests coherent with the International Preliminary English Test (PET). A selection of scientific texts, uploaded to the Moodle page of the course, will be analyzed so that to build lexical knowledge and debating skills related to Natural Sciences subjects. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The student can: - understand texts that consist mainly of high-frequency everyday or job-related language; - understand the description of events, feelings, and wishes in personal letters; - understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters; - enter into a conversation on topics that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life; - connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and events, his/her dreams, hopes and ambitions; - briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions related to scientific topics as well; - write simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest; - write personal letters describing experiences and impressions, and short stories sticking to specific hints. - HERNANDEZ BORRAYO Elizabeth (syllabus) B1 Grammar topics These are topics you need to study to pass an exam at the B1 level, such as Cambridge English Preliminary: Adverbs Both, either, neither A broader range of intensifiers; So, such, too, enough Comparatives and superlatives Question tags Conditionals: 0, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Connecting words expressing cause and effect, contrast, etc. (Linking words) Embedded questions Future (present simple, present continuous, going to+verb, will/shall), Will and going to, for prediction Modals - must/can’t, a deduction Modals – might, may, will, probably Modals – should have/might have/etc Modals: must/have to Present simple/present continuous Past simple/Past continuous Present Perfect/Past perfect Present/Future and Past tense responses Phrasal verbs, extended Prepositions of place and movement Present perfect continuous Present perfect/past simple Reported speech (range of tenses) Passive and Active voice: simple passive Wh- questions in the present, future, and past You can also see which grammar topics are associated with other CEF levels. Vocabulary Topics All the words in this section are in the Cambridge PET word list. These are the important words you need to know to pass an exam at B1 level. Appliances \| Buildings \| Clothes \| Colours \| Education \| Entertainment and Media \| Environment \| Food and Drink \| Health, Medicine and Exercise \| Hobbies and Leisure \| House and Home \| Language \| Personal Feelings, Opinions and Experiences \| Places: Countryside \| Places: Town and City \| Services \| Shopping \| Sport \| Technology and Communications \| The Natural World \| Travel and Transport \| Weather \| Work and Jobs Vocabulary learning tips Read as much as possible. If you come across a word you don't know, write it down or look it up. Use a dictionary. Many browsers include dictionaries. If you are reading online, you may be able to right-click on a word to look it up. Sign up for a 'word a day' email. Think of ways of remembering words. Do they sound like a word in your own language? Remember words are often used together with other words. Try to learn these 'collocations'. (reference books) Bibliography - Texts: 1. Helen Stephenson (Autore), Paul Dummett (Autore), John Hughes, LIFE PRE-INTERMEDIATE 2nd. Edition. Student's book and workbook; Student's book Build Up con CD, DVD-ROM, con e-book e con espansione online e contenuto digitale per download e accesso on line. ISBN: -9788853625144 - (3 Books). Editore: ELI Collana:Inglese corsi ESP Data di Pubblicazione:2018 EAN:9788853625144 ISBN:8853625147 Formato:prodotto in più parti di diverso formato "Bringing National Geographic to Life" - https://eltngl.com/sites/Life2e/NGLandLife Life Product Video https://eltngl.com/sites/Life2e/about-life/life-product-video 2. Raymond Murphy (Author), Lelio Pallini (Author); Essential Grammar in Use, con soluzioni ed eBook, Quarta edizione. Grammatica di base della lingua inglese. ISBN 9781316509029. 3. B1 Preliminary for Schools practice tests, for Revised exam from 2020 con CD-Audio e file audio per il download. ISBN 9788853627872. Editore:ELI Collana:Certificazioni Data di Pubblicazione:2020 EAN:9788853627872 ISBN:8853627875 Pagine:176 Formato:prodotto in più parti di diverso forma 4. Dispense di Lessico e Grammatica livello A1-B1	6	L-LIN/12	48	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14774 - Physiology and Principles of Plant Biotechnology (objectives) The course aims to provide the fundamental bases of plant physiology and biotechnology as well as to facilitate their learning. - Savatin Daniel Valentin (syllabus) General characteristics of the plant Cell wall: composition, structure and functions. Plasmodesmata: structure and function. Vacuole: structure and functions. Transport of water and solutes Water and plant: water importance for the plant. Water characteristics. Water movement from the ground to the atmosphere: diffusion, mass flow and osmosis. Electrochemical potential of water and water potential. Components of water potential. Use of water potential and experimental methods for measuring water potential (psychrometer and pressure chamber). The movement of water in the plant: anatomy of the xylem; radical absorption; root pressure; transpiration; relative humidity; stomata and stomatal regulation. Theory of tension-cohesion. Absorption of solutes: plasma membrane. Active and passive transport. Potential of Nerst (outline). Channels: carriers and pumps; K+ channel and sucrose-proton carrier. Photosynthesis and phloem transport Photosynthesis: light-dependent reactions and carbon reactions. Biosynthesis of starch and sucrose. Photorespiration. Photoinhibition. Site of action of diuron and paraquat herbicides. CO2 concentration mechanisms: C4 plants and CAM plants. Transpiration ratio. The transport of photosynthates: phloem anatomy; characteristics of phloem transport; definition of source and sink organs. Phloem loading and unloading. Pressure flow hypothesis. Assimilate allocation and distribution. Growth, development and defence Importance of light as an environmental signal. Plant responses regulated by blue light and red light. Action spectrum and absorption spectrum. Skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Photoreceptors. Phytochrome characteristics: pr and pfr forms of phytochromes; phytochrome function and its role in the shadow perception in heliophilous plants; importance of the phytochrome in seed germination; photoperiodism; long- and short-day plants. Importance of night duration in the photoperiodic response; demonstration of the phytochrome involvement in the photoperiodic response. Vernalization. Signal perception in leaves. Plant hormones: what is and how a plant hormone acts. Physiological aspects of hormonal activities: multiple responses induced by different hormones. Auxins: auxin polar transport; cell distension and the acid growth hypothesis; phototropism. Gibberellins: induction of alpha-amylase in seed germination; growth of the stem (cell distension) and effect on the cell wall. Cytokinins: stimulation of cell division. Abscisic acid: regulation of stomata the closure. Ethylene: regulation of fruit ripening. Brassinosteroids (brief). The defence response of plants: secondary metabolites; constitutive and induced defence responses, including the acquired systemic response (outline). Plant biotechnology Plant biotechnology: definition. Essential steps for the production of transgenic plants. Importance of knowledge of physiological processes for the manipulation of the traits of interest: Case study: fruit softening process in tomato. GM plant cultivation. (reference books) Recommended textbooks Taiz L. and Zeiger E. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2013), Piccin Rascio et al. Element di Fisiologia vegetale (2012), EdiSES Pupillo P., Cervone F., Cresti M, Rascio N., 2003. Biologia vegetale. Zanichelli Teaching material provided by the professor	6	BIO/04	42	4	2	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14787 - Agricultural Genetics (objectives) The AGRICULTURAL GENETICS course aims to provide the information necessary for understanding the theoretical and experimental bases of classical and modern genetics, with particular reference to: 1) structure and function of the hereditary material (DNA, genes, chromosomes and genomes), both in model organisms and of agricultural interest; 2) flow of genetic information (from DNA to proteins) and its regulation; 3) chromosomal bases of heredity (chromosome structure; cell cycle; mitosis; meiosis); 4) inheritance of simple and complex traits (Mendelian and quantitative genetics); 5) genetic variability as the basis for species evolution and genetic improvement (mutations, recombination, hybridization). These fundamental topics of biology (as well as genetics) will be treated in order to make it understood, among other things: - the temporal evolution of scientific thought that led to the discoveries; - the value of intuition and, at the same time, of experimental verification; - the universality of many of the principles on which biological evolution is based; - the logical connection between structure and function; - the transferability of principles and knowledge from model organisms to organisms of agricultural interest; - the importance of knowledge of other fundamental disciplines (e.g. mathematics, statistics, chemistry) for the correct interpretation of the results of a biological experimentation; - the importance of using appropriate and specific language in the exposition; - the importance of comparison and verification of knowledge (between learners and learner-teacher). - CEOLONI Carla (syllabus) - Introduction to Genetics. - The genetic material: chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids. Chromatin and chromosomes; structure of eukaryotic chromosome. - DNA replication. - From DNA to proteins: transcription; genetic code; translation and protein synthesis. - Control of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. - Brief outline of genomics: size, types of sequences and organization of eukaryotic genomes (examples of sequenced animal and plant genomes, as compared to prokaryotic genomes). Chromosomes and chromatin; structure of the eukaryotic chromosome, karyotypes; chromatin organization: nucleosomes and super-coiling and effect on transcription; eu- and heterochromatin, banding. - Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. - Genetics and inheritance of simple traits: Mendel's laws - dominance and recessiveness, segregation in monohybrids and dihybrids, independent assortment, testcross, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and codominance. Chromosome theory of inheritance. - Linkage and recombination; genetic maps. - Mutations: point mutations; chromosome rearrangements, transposable elements, genomic variations: polyploidy, aploidy, aneuploidy. - Brief outline of genetics of quantitative traits: continuous variation, mean and variance. Experiments by Nilsson-Ehle and Emerson-East. Heritability estimates, response to selection. (reference books) - Main textbook: Russell PJ .: Genetics - A molecular approach, Pearson publisher (or similar textbooks, preferably by the same author) - Teaching material of all the topics covered, including any insights, provided by the teacher and available on the teaching materials website	6	AGR/07	42	6	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14790 - Principles of Agriculture Economics (objectives) To learn the basic elements to understand how the economic system works, the ways in which prices are formed, how markets works and the reasons for their "failure". To learn also the essential elements of the economy of the firm. - SENNI Saverio (syllabus) • Introduction: the use and models in economics • The market mechanism • Individual and aggregate demand • Individual and aggregate supply • Market equilibrium and its alterations • Substitute and complementary goods • Price and Income elasticity • The role of the public sector • The production function, • Types of production costs • Implicit, explicit and opportunity costs • Fixed and variable costs, average and marginal costs • Maximum profit in perfect competition • Externalities • Public goods (reference books) Gregory Mankiw, Essentials of Economics	6	AGR/01	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14791 - Biology and breeding of domestic animals
- Zootecnica speciale: tecnologie per l'allevamento (objectives) Provide students with knowledge of the structure, management and monitoring of performance related to livestock breeding. In particular, students will have to acquire basic knowledge about animal welfare, the environmental impact of farms, genetic improvement, nutrition and farming techniques. - LACETERA Nicola (syllabus) Parameters and indices of zootechnical interest: growth, reproduction and lactation. The intrinsic quality of products of animal origin. Animal welfare. The environmental impact of breeding activities. Genetic improvement of farm animals. Notions of nutrition and feeding of farm animals. The breeding of dairy cattle. Pig breeding. Breeding of poultry species. (reference books) - Sandrucci A., Trevisi, E. 2022. Produzioni animali. EdiSES Edizioni S.r.l., Napoli. - Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. 2009. Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici. Edagricole, Bologna. - Fondamenti di Zootecnia. Miglioramento genetico, Nutrizione e Alimentazione. 2007. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Tecniche di Produzione Animale. 2005. G. Bittante, I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin. Liviana Scolastica. - Papers provided by professor.	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Biologia animale e zootecnia generale (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide students the basic knowledge concerning the morphology and physiology of the main animal species raised (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs) with particular reference to those considered important for different productions. The knowledge acquired at the end of the course will allow students to better understand the contents of the following disciplines concerning breeding systems, feeding and animal nutrition, reproduction, animal welfare. - vitali andrea (syllabus) Levels of organization of the animal body: concept of cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus. Elements of morphology and physiology of the main tissues. Morpho-functional aspects of the Skeletal, Articular and Muscular System. Digestive system of monogastric and polygastric animals; Male and female reproductive systems; Mammary gland and lactation physiology. Endocrine system, Physiology of thermoregulation. Immune response. Natural and instrumental mating, innovative biotechnology of reproduction. Body conformation, production attitudes/capacity and distribution of the main livestock species and breeds. (reference books) Bortolami R., Callegari E., Beghelli V. - Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici, Edagricole Bologna Bittante G. , I. Andrighetto, M. Ramanzin, Tecniche di produzione animale, Liviana Editrice, Padova Aguggini G., Beghelli V., Giulio L.F. Fisiologia degli Animali Domestici con Elementi di Etologia. UTET, Torino	6	AGR/19	36	12	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
14799 - Optional Subject	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15180 - Agronomy - Casa Raffaele (syllabus) First part: agroecosystems biophysical factors The agricultural crop (growth indices). Climate and agricultural crops: solar radiation; evapotranspiration; temeperature; rainfall; effective rainfall. Cultivated and natural soils: definition, functions, composition; soil profile; fertility and productivity. Soil texture and particle size distribution: stony soils; sandy soils; silty soils; clay soils; loam. Soil structure: general aspects and structure types; role of soil structure; assemblage and size of aggregates; stability of aggregates; porosity; factors acting on soil structure. Soil chemical and physico-chemical properties: composition; soil solution and cation exchange capacity; soil pH; salinity anomalies. Soil water: measuring soil moisture; soil water potential; water retention curve and its determination. Second part: agroecosystem management Soil tillage. Irrigation: irrigation variables; watering rate; water use efficiency; irrigation timing; seasonal crop water requirements; irrigation methods; irrigation water quality. Soil organic matter (SOM) and organic fertilizers: types of organic matter and their origin; soil transformations and humic balance; factor acting on SOM transformations; SOM functions; organic fertilization; commercial organic fertilizers. Mineral fertilization: classification and market requirements of mineral fertilizers; nitrogen fertilizers; phosphate fertilizers; potassium fertilizers; composite mineral fertilizers; crop response to fertilizers; optimal fertilization rate; farm requirements and environmental constraints; fertilization plans; yield quality response to fertilization. Weed management: preventive measures; physical direct means; chemical weed management. Cropping systems: species sequence and rotations. (reference books) Textbook: Authors: P. Ceccon, M. Fagnano, C. Grignani, M. Monti, S. Orlandini title: AGRONOMIA edition: EDISES 2017 (http://www.edises.it/universitario/agronomia.html) Lesson slides, recordings and other material made available by the professor	7	AGR/02	24	32	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15184 - Horticulture and Floriculture (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide knowledge about general aspects of vegetable crop production and floriculture, and specific knowledge on design and management of the main production chains of vegetable and flower crops. - COLLA Giuseppe (syllabus) General part - Importance of vegetable crop production and floriculture in Italy and in the World - Classification of vegetable crops and flower crops - Quality of products (vegetables and flowers) - Propagation and nursery - Protected cultivation (greenhouses, tunnels) - Planning productions and crop rotations - Cultural techniques: soil preparation, planting, mulching, irrigation, fertilization, weed control, growth regulators, harvest. Special Part Economic importance, botanical characteristics, pedo-climatic needs, agronomic techniques, low-input and organic production, utilization of edible product in the main vegetable crops (asparagus, artichoke, cawliflower, lettuce, melon, processing tomato and fresh-market tomato) and flower crops (chirsantemum, gerbera, lilium). (reference books) Orticoltura. Principi e pratica. di A. Pardossi, G. Prosdocimi Gianquinto, P. Santamaria, 2018. Edagricole-New Business Media	6	AGR/04	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15193 - Training stage	13		-	-	-	-	Other activities		ITA
15596 - In vitro culture techniques (objectives) The course aims to provide information on in vitro tissue culture at industrial and scientific levels, providing students with the basis for acquiring expertise in various areas of in vitro cultures. - MULEO Rosario (syllabus) Plant propagation and nursery industries. Plant organs and tissues. Certification of plant materials, patents and novelties. Organization of a micropropagation lab, culture media, components, physiological and morphogenic response of explants, choice of plant material. Multiplication and de novo shoot organogenesis. Cell culture and their application. In vitro culture and germplasm preservation. Embryo rescue, Embryo culture and techniques to overcome incompatibility (mentor pollen, in vitro pollination ecc…). In vitro culture for breeding and genetics (somaclonal variation, protoplast fusion, hybrids, molecules for selective pressure, elicitors). Genetic engineering: a) Agrobacterium spp., b) PEG, c) electroporation d) biolostic, e) analysis of scientific paper (reference books) -material provided by the teacher - Pierik R. L. 1999, In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants , Kluwer Academic Publishers - Triggiano et al 2010, English version - Hartman e Kester Propagazione delle piante. EDAGRICOLE	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
15595 - Biotecnologies of crop production
- Biotecnologie genetiche (objectives) The course aims to provide students with basic knowledge on the main genetic biotechnologies, as well as with the problems (mostly in plant field, but also human field) which have found a solution thanks to such technologies. - MASCI Stefania (syllabus) The course starts with the basic principles of recombinant DNA illustrating the mechanism of action of of restriction and modification enzymes, and gene cloning through host-vector systems. The mechanism of action of standard and quantitative PCR is presented in detail, but particular importance is given to applications of such methodologies, through specific examples. Among the different methods of DNA sequencing only the Sanger method is reported, both in its manual and automated versions. The various techniques of analysis of nucleic acids and proteins, including electrophoresis on agarose and polyacrylamide and through blotting (Southern, Northern and Western blotting), and the different fields of application of these techniques are presented. In regard to libreries, both the construction process, and the analysis of the genomic, cDNA and expression libraries are shown, with an emphasis on information obtained from their use. The Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens genome projects are presented, explaining the criteria of choice of model organisms, and information obtained by the complete knowledge of these genomes. Structural, functional and comparative genomics, as well as the technologies related to each of these branches, are presented. In particular, technologies related to structural genomics, through analysis of the genomic libraries for the sequencing of extended portions of DNA, and to functional genomics, through the main techniques of analysis of transcriptome and proteome, are explained. Finally, genetically modified plants are presented: how they are realized through the two main systems (biolistic and Agrobacterium), by illustrating advantages and disadvantages of both these methods; how a genetic construct for expression in plants is made, which genetically modified plants are present on the market, with hints related to the issue of their acceptability. Practical classes: • Bacterial transformation using a recombinant plasmid vector, which is extracted in a subsequent practical class and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis • Standard PCR to determine the presence of a specific transgene in plants of GM wheats • SDS-PAGE to analyze the protein composition of wheat kernels • The use of the spectrophotometer to determine the amount of DNA and proteins If the students are more than 25, practical classes are performed in turns. (reference books) Brown T. Molecular Biotechnology Slides and other materials will be made available to students on Moodle platform	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
- Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie (objectives) The course aims to give the basic principles of advanced technologies useful for plant breeding and to improve productivity. To this aim, all biotechnological methodologies are introduced, with reference to genetic engineering, in vitro cultures, tools for diagnostic and traceability, study of genetic variability, and achievement of interspecific crosses. A principal focus will be given to the development and analysis of molecular markers, in order to acquire familiarity with uses of DNA analysis for variability studies and marker assisted selection. - MAZZUCATO Andrea (syllabus) Biotechnology for the improvement of crop production. Introduction to the role of biotechnologies applied to plant production with reference to genetic engineering, in vitro cell and tissue cultures, to technologies for diagnosis and traceability, to the study of genetic variability for phylogenesis, varietal characterization and management of germplasm, to the techniques for manipulating protoplasts and obtaining interspecific hybrids. Molecular markers and genetic analysis. Concept of genetic marker and introduction to molecular polymorphism analysis. Biochemical markers. Molecular markers, hybridization and PCR, RFLP and VNTR markers, RAPD, SCAR, CAPS, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, SNP markers. Use of molecular markers Studies of formal genetics and development of association maps; search for markers associated with loci that control qualitative and quantitative characters; positional cloning of Mendelian and QTL genes; marker assisted selection for genetic improvement; linkage disequilibrium and mapping by association; genetic variability analysis, genetic distances and clustering methods; varietal characterization and gene flow analysis. Practice topics. In silico research of microsatellite markers and identification of primer pairs to amplify the SSR region. Search for single nucleotide polymorphisms from EST libraries by sequence alignment. Screening of an F2 population segregating morphological and molecular markers, phenotyping, genotyping (DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis), data analysis. (reference books) Barcaccia & Falcinelli - Genetica e genomica Vol. III - Liguori editore. Material provided by the teacher during the course.	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15181 - Rural Tectonics and topography (objectives) Provide students with the concepts, analytical tools and basic organizational instructions to be able to develop, from a systemic and company-based perspective, projects to solve engineering problems in the rural buildings sector, with the indispensable elements of topography. - Marucci Alvaro (syllabus) A) rural buildings - Construction Science Generalities on elastic bodies, Hooke's law; real behavior of bodies under load; coefficients of resistance and safety. Simple and Compound Solicitations: Solicitations simple structures with straight axis; diagrams of tensions; solids loaded tip. Theory of beams: constraints; load mode; diagrams of the bending moment and shear; calculation and verification of isostatic beams. Snow load, wind load. Method semi-probabilistic limit state. The laminated wood. Design and verification of reinforced concrete structures. Cows's stables: Types of the stables; design and construction of the stables; organization and sizing of free stalls; structural characteristics of the different areas and the utility rooms. Stables for calves: General organization of the buildings for the breeding of cattle for fattening; types of fences and paving; management of manure. Stables for pigs: General organization of pig; classification of piggeries: types of stalls for childbirth: their size; organization of piggeries; types of flooring; management of manure. Hospitalizations for pigs: General organization of the buildings for the breeding of pigs; classification of piggeries: types of stalls for childbirth: their size; organization of piggeries; flooring; management of manure. Greenhouses: The greenhouse effect; the energy balance; materials transparent coating; types of greenhouses, sizing, control microclimate. - Control of environmental conditions Role of the buildings in the modern farm; basic requirements of the farm buildings. The energy balance in farm buildings: bio-climatic factors and physical factors that characterize the microclimate; the terms of the energy balance; the air-steam mixture; the psychrometric chart. B) Topography Survey instrument and methods, GPS survey, cartography. (reference books) Lecture notes and teaching material provided by the teacher during the course; Chiumenti, Costruzioni rurali, Edizione Edagricole, Bologna.	8	AGR/10	50	14	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15182 - Herbaceous crops (objectives) The course of herbaceous crops aims to provide basic knowledge regarding the main field crops for Italian agriculture. The objective is to understand crop production within a system context, paying particular attention to diverse cropping systems and management practices. Moreover, the knowledge acquired in the course aim to provide skills to analyze and solve agronomic and cultural problems . - CAMPIGLIA Enio (syllabus) General concepts regarding the herbaceous crops. Hints on the characteristics of the main Mediterranean cropping systems. Of the main crops, characterizing the previously described cropping systems, will be treated (to different details): origin, economic importance, botanical characteristics, ecological and phenological features. Of each crop the technical itinerary will be described with particular regard to: preceding crop, soil tillage, choice of the cultivar, sowing, fertilization, irrigation, weed control, other biotic and abiotic adversities, harvesting. For the main crops will be indicated the differences between technical itineraries in conventional, integrated and biological agriculture. Of the product will be evaluated: the qualitative characteristics (hints), the storage, the transformation (hints), the use (hints), while regarding the by-products will be indicated the destination. During the course the following crops will be treated: autumn-winter cereals (durum and soft wheat, barley, oats, triticale); spring-summer cereals (corn and sorghum); potato, hemp, oil-protein crops (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean), grain legumes (broad bean, pea, chickpea, lupine). The main forage land will be indicated (pastures, meadows and grasses) and the following fodder crops will be treated: polyennial fodder (alfalfa, sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil,orchard grass, tall fescue), annual fodder (annual clovers and grasses). The species treated may undergo variations in relation to events that are not currently foreseeable. (reference books) - Bonciarelli F., Coltivazioni erbacee di pieno campo 2001. Edagricole, Bologna. - Baldoni R., Giardini L., 2002 : Coltivazioni erbacee Vol I, II e III, . Patron Editore, Bologna. - Borin M., Bigon E., Caprera P., 2003: Atlante Fenologico. Edagricole, Bologna. - Lecture notes, teaching materials provited during the course.	6	AGR/02	40	6	2	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15183 - Pomology (objectives) Students will be provided with information to understand the fruit crop trees and their peculiarities to achieve a production that guarantees quality, environmental sustainability and producers' income. - MULEO Rosario (syllabus) The tree as a complex biological system which integrates organs and functions, with properties to adapt to the ambient. Organography of cultivated fruit crop species. The correlative relationships among organs and development of the tree's epigeal organs and growth patterns. Natural skeleton and architecture of canopy of tree crop plants, determinism of form and size. The role of anthropic actions on fruit culture and evolution of forms of cultivated canopies. Physiognomy and development of root systems. Physiological and genetic regulation of flowering: factors controlling flower morphogenesis and fruit set. Sterility and self-incompatibility in fruit tree plants. Fruit development and ripening: growth patterns, biochemical dynamic of fruit components. Fruit quality characteristics of different species; ripening indexes and evaluation methods of quality parameters. Fruit tree crop canopies managements: pruning and tilling techniques for controlling fruit development and ripening. Physiological and genetic molecular bases and techniques of adventitious rooting and agamic fruit crop propagation. Organization of nursery and control of true-to-type identity and sanity. Plant and environment interaction. The concept of environmental vocation and suitability and hints of eco-physiology (role of environmental factors in the development of the tree). The use of environmental resources in the cultivation technique (water, fertility elements, light). Soil management techniques. Fruit quality and the influence of terroir. Conventional and sustainable production models. The orchard system, training management and functional diversity. Multifunctionality of tree production systems. Monographic treatment of the main tree crops: vine, olive, actinidia, stone fruit, pome fruit, chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, citrus and minor fruit trees. For each species are synthetically considered: botanical and biological peculiarities; pedo-climatic needs; cultivation problems; varietal panorama; propagation; cultivation techniques (planting, foliage, ripening and post-harvest management). (reference books) Arboricoltura Generale. A cura di S. Sansavini et al, 2012. Patron Editore, Bologna Nuove frontiere dell'arboricoltura italiana. A cura di S. Sansavini. 2007. Alberto Perdisa Editore Materiale dato dal docente: diapositive delle lezioni e articoli di giornale, capitoli di libri e review.	6	AGR/03	38	6	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15190 - Protezione delle colture
15190-1 - Entomologia agraria (objectives) - identificare e descrivere le funzioni delle diverse parti della morfologia esterna e dell’anatomia interna degli insetti - conoscere le modalità di sviluppo postembrionale - riconoscere i principali Ordini di insetti - conoscere le strategie ed i mezzi più adeguati per il controllo dei principali fitofagi dannosi in agricoltura, con particolare riguardo a quelli di minor impatto ambientale e tossologico - identificare e descrivere le caratteristiche dei principali fitofagi dannosi ai fruttiferi, alle colture ortive, alle colture di pieno campo e a quelle in serra e indicarne le opportune strategie di lotta - GUGLIELMINO Adalgisa (syllabus) Introduction with focus on the systematic position of the class insects within the phylum Arthropoda, insect plant pests, agricultural practices, biological equilibrium. External features of insects: structure and function. External anatomy: exoskeleton, head, thorax, abdomen, endoskeleton. Anatomy of insects: digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system, reproductive system, nervous system. Postembryonic development of insects, metamorphosis, Hemimetabola, Holometabola. Biological cycles; transmission of pathogens. Integrated and biological pest control. Insect control: agricultural, mechanical, physical, chemical, biological-biotechnical methods. Short history of insecticides. Main chemical insecticides (active ingredients, commercial formulations, insecticide mixtures, fumigants). Phytotoxicity of insecticides; mode of penetration of insecticides; mechanisms of action of insecticides; selectivity; systemicity; persistence. Metabolism of insecticides; insect resistance to pesticides. Deleterious side effects of insecticides, effects regarding chemical pesticide sprays on arthropod populations, effects at short and long range, damages on the fauna, in particular pollinators and entomophagous species, environment and human health. Problems regarding insecticide applications: labels, waiting periods, protection of workers, handling and storage of pesticides. Examples of biology and management strategies for major insect pests belonging to the following orders: Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera. The laboratory exercises are based on the use of dichotomous keys in order to allow students to observe, recognize and evaluate the different morphological characters of insects in order to classify them at the level of order, suborder and sometimes even family. Dependent on the number of students, the exercises are carried out in several shifts. (reference books) - Gli insetti ed il loro controllo. A cura di Francesco Pennacchio, Liguori Editore. - Manuale di entomologia applicata 2/ed / Aldo Pollini. - Bologna : Edagricole, Il Sole 24 ore [2013] - 1504 p. - Generalità e mezzi di controllo / Ermenegildo Tremblay. - 7. ed. Liguori, 2003. - 282 p. (Volume 1).	6	AGR/11	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15023 - Industrie agrarie (objectives) Acquisition of knowledge relating to the main technology processes in food production. The mechanical, microbial and biotechnological technology applied to the food processing will explain during the classes. In this context, different food chains will be addressed, such as oil (fruit and seed), meat, wine and dairy industries. For each aforementioned processes, the student will acquire specific knowledge regarding the food quality properties and its fundamental sanitary requirements, the description and evaluation of plants with the process operating conditions. The relationships between the raw-material composition and the food quality will be addressed. In this way the student will be able to evaluate and manage the transformation, through the identification of the critical points, introducing appropriate process corrections and stabilization. The use of analytical parameters to identify the food quality properties will be further addressed. - LIBURDI Katia (syllabus) The teaching programme (6 CFU) is related to the main industrial agro-food chain. The main class topics are reported below: 1) General concepts (0,5 CFU); 2) Dairy industry (1,5 CFU): i) physico-chemical milk composition. Lactose (solubility, sweetening, crystallization, fermentation). Lipid fraction (fat globule structure and technological functionality). Proteins (classification and functional characteristics); ii) drinking milk, pasteurization, sterilization and other treatments; iv) rennet cheese-making process, rennet biochemical properties, cheese-making phases, influence of raw material and technology on the cheese-making process; V) production of milk derivatives (cream, butter, yogurt); vi) management and opportunities of dairy by-products 3) Industry of vegetable-based oils and fats (1 CFU): i) from olives to oil, extraction technology, discontinuous and continuous methods, qualitative and regulatory aspects, the oils classification ii) extraction of oil from seeds: seed preparation and extraction technology. Refining of crude oil, iii) the margarine industry. 4) Meat industry (1,25 CFU): i) meat muscle transformation techniques; ii) the tenderization phase; iii) conservation; iv) cured meats. 5) Eggs and egg-products (0,25 CFU): i) the egg composition; ii) shell, egg white and yolk; III) official methods for egg analysis; iv) product classes; v) egg products and related sectors of application. 5) Wine industry (1,5 CFU): i) classification of alcoholic beverages, ii) biochemistry of the winemaking process, notes on red and white winemaking; iii) sparkling wine, classic and Charmat methods. (reference books) a) Chimica degli alimenti (Cabras e Martelli)- editore: Piccin. b) Scienza del latte (Charles Alais)- editore: Tecniche Nuove.	6	AGR/15	38	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15597 - Biotecnologie animali (objectives) Educational goals The course's objectives are to provide knowledge of the main biotechnology techniques applied to the animal production. They will therefore address issues related to animal experimentation and possible alternative techniques, basic theoretical knowledge on in vitro cultures of cells and animal tissues and their applications, methodologies related to the production of transgenic animals and the most used technologies in quality and traceability of animal products, in the control of genetic improvement and in the maintenance of animal biodiversity. Methods such as extraction of nucleic acids, Polymerase Chain Reaction, sanger and new generation sequencing, microarrays, will be discussed to analyze topics such as the use of markers useful for diagnostic and selective purposes, gene expression analysis, Polymorphisms associated with genetic improvement through molecular genetic techniques, traceability of animal products. Expected learning outcomes KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. At the end of the course the student will acquire specific knowledge about the biotechnology aspects of animals, the theoretical bases of animal cell culture techniques and their application as experimental models; Knowledge of the main analytical methods of gene expression in animals, knowledge of methodologies related to the production of transgenic animals, as well as molecular genetics and its applications for animal genetic improvement and traceability. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. Ability to interpret and execute broad spectrum methodological and instrumental procedures for biological and molecular research. JUDGMENT. Acquisition of conscious judgment autonomy with reference to the interpretation of protocols and the evaluation and interpretation of laboratory experimental data. COMMUNICATION SKILLS. Acquiring appropriate skills and tools for communication: data processing and presentation, ability to work in groups. - BASIRICO' Loredana (syllabus) Animal cell cultures: Background. The laboratory of cell culture: general principles on the maintenance of cell cultures. Description of main equipment of animal cell cultures laboratory. Tools and material to isolate and grow cell cultures. The main types of animal cell cultures: primary cultures and cell lines. Differences between primary and cell lines cultures. Basic techniques for immortalized cell cultures in adhesion and in suspension. Trypsinization, counted and propagation of a cell line. Analysis of cell viability. Techniques of disinfection and sterilization. Material and methods of sterilization. Contamination control. Elimination of microbial contamination in cell cultures. Safety standards in laboratory cell cultures. Techniques of cell preservation: cryopreservation. "In vitro" cytotoxicity tests. Animal transgenesis: history and application. Overview of gene transfer strategies in animal cells. DNA-mediated transformation. Transformation techniques. Transformation transient and stable transformation. The selectable markers. The reporter genes. Main expression systems in animal cells. Retroviral vectors. Methods for the production/generation of transgenic mice. Microinjection of the pronucleus. Transfection of early embryos. Transfection of ES cells. Random recombination and homologous recombination. "Gene targeting" in ES cells. Introduction of small mutations. Targeting vectors: insertion and replacement. "Gene targeting." The knock out. The knock on. Positive-negative selection of ES cells. Use of transgenic animals in biotechnology and in basic research. Animal cloning. RNA interference (RNAi). The discovery of gene interference and gene silencing with small RNAs. siRNA and miRNA. The function of miRNAs. The biochemistry of gene silencing mediated by small RNAs. Potential therapeutic applications of RNAi. Quantitative PCR (Real Time PCR); differences between QPCR endpoint and QPCR in real time; chemical fluorogenic in real time PCR "specific" and "non-specific"; absolute quantification and relative quantification. Examples of real time PCR in livestock farming. Analysis of gene expression using a micro-array. Molecular basis of microarray technology. Chip cDNA and oligonucleotide chips. Generation of microarray sequences from databases with automatic annotation. experimental design with microarray. elements of analysis. diagnostic applications. microarray applications: SNP detection arrays - to identify single nucleotide polymorphism in the genome of different populations; comparative genomic hybridization (Array CGH) - mRNA or gene expression profiling - to study the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously; Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies - to determine the binding of proteins specifc in specific portions of DNA (ChIP-on-chip technology). DNA sequencing: New DNA sequencing techniques. Technological platforms for next generation sequencing for molecular diagnostics in vitro (Solexa Illumina, Affymetrix gene-chips, Roche 454, Applied Biosystems Solid, Helicos). Applications in the livestock production. Applications of molecular markers in domestic species. Control of diseases and food safety using DNA for the traceability of animal products, crossings and improved selections, increased efficiency of livestock production, individual identification, sex identification, assessment relationship, identification of genetic markers associated with genes responsible for diseases. SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) as marker for the identification of polymorphisms in candidate genes associated to marker assisted selection. GMOs in animal feed. What is a GMO. Global area of GM crops. The GM varieties. Legislation on the use of GM plants. Assessment of risks to human and animal health. Toxicity, allergy, antibiotic resistance, presence of transgenic fragments in tissues and / or organs. Analytical methods to identify GMOs in food. Practical classes: Animal Cell culture: epithelial cells of bovine mammary gland. Trypsinization and cells counting. Cellular protein extraction and quantification by colorimetric assay. RNA extraction from cell culture and quantification using fluorometric assay, reverse transcription of RNA. Quantitative PCR (Real Time PCR) for gene expression evaluation in bovine mammary gland cells. (reference books) G.L. Mariottini et al. " Introduzione alle colture cellulari", Ed.Tecniche Nuove, 2010. J. D. Watson, A. A. Caudy, R. M. Myers, J. A. Witkowski “DNA ricombinante«, Zanichelli, 2008. Barcaccia G. e Falcinelli M. «Genetica e genomica» vol. III, Genomica e biotecnologie genetiche, capitolo 21, pag 1041-1123. Liguori editore. - Didactic material provided by the teacher.	6	AGR/18	30	-	18	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15190 - Protezione delle colture
15190-2 - Patologia vegetale (objectives) Ability in the interpretation of the main symptoms of most important diseases of cultivated plants. Knowledge of the biology of phytopathogenic agents (Bacteria, Fungi, Pseudo-funghi, Viruses). Correct interpretation of host-pathogen interactions: methods of attack by pathogens and plant defense mechanisms, their susceptibility, resistance, pathogenicity and virulence and the infectious processes. Knowledge of the epidemiological aspects and the influence of environmental factors on the establishment and spread of diseases. Preliminary knowledge of the main epidemic forecasting models. Mastery of the best possibilities to control plant diseases (prevention and treatment) by means of conventional and low environmental impact techniques, including innovative technologies (GIS, GPS, ASpIS) in crop protection. - BALESTRA Giorgio mariano (syllabus) Biology of phytopathogenic agents (bacteria, fungi, viruses). Host-pathogen interactions: attack strategies by plant pathogens and defense mechanisms of plants. Susceptibility, resistance, pathogenicity and virulence. Infectious process. Epidemiological aspects. Influence of environmental factors on the outbreak and spread of the disease. Predictive models. Control strategies of plant diseases (prevention and treatment) by using conventional and orgsnic pesticides. Use of innovative technologies (GIS, GPS, Drones) in plant protection. Study cases. (reference books) Fondamenti di Patologia Vegetale Matta, Patron Editore, Bologna. Manuale di Patologia Vegetale (Voll. I-IV) G. Goidanich, Edizioni Agricole. Terapia Vegetale S. Foschi, A. Brunelli, I. Ponti Edagricole. Manuale di Fitoiatria Image LINE, Edagricole. Malattie crittogamiche delle piante da frutto Ponti, F. Laffi, Schede fitopatologiche, Edizioni L’Informatore Agrario. Malattie crittogamiche delle piante ortive Ponti, F. Laffi, Schede fitopatologiche, Edizioni L’Informatore Agrario.	6	AGR/12	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15189 - Estimo rurale (objectives) The course aims to provide students with skills regarding the methods and tools for evaluating different capital components present on the farm. Acquisition of basic skills on land cadastre. - COLETTA Attilio (syllabus) Rural appraisal Financial mathematics I Evaluation theory -The estimative doctrine; the characrteristics of the appraisal activity; method of appraisal activitiy. - Different meanings of Value; the Price in relation to the goods to be estimated; the estimative procedure and its implications; the tangible assets subject to evaluation. -The stages of the estimate; the economic aspects of an asset; the synthetic and the analytical approach; the determination of the land benefit and the capitalization rate. Specific appraisal categories - Estimates of land improvements; the estimation of arboreal stands; the appraisal of farms. -The legal estimates: easements; insured damages; expropriation; hereditary successions. III Land Cadastre - Notes on the Land Cadastre formation and update. (reference books) Suggested readings M. Michieli, G.B. Cipollotti; Trattato di estimo, Edagricole Introduzione cap. 9, 11 - 14, 16 - 20, 23 - 25, 28, 45, 47 - 49, 51 - 61, 63 - 68 M. Polelli, Nuovo trattato di estimo, Maggioli editore	6	AGR/01	44	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15194 - Energy and environment lab (objectives) The fundamental objective of the "Energy and Environment Laboratory" course is to provide the student with the knowledge and technical and practical skills for the choice, rough sizing and development of plant solutions aimed at producing energy from renewable energy sources. . 1) knowledge and understanding: the expected learning outcomes are the knowledge of the criteria and strategies aimed at choosing, analyzing and optimizing aspects related to energy and the environment, with a view to sustainable development ; 2) applied knowledge and understanding: theoretical and practical notions associated with the energy cycle, with the types of fossil fuels compared to those from renewable sources with obvious references to the dynamics of environmental pollution, biomass, biochemical processes of energy production (biochemical processes, in particular anaerobic digestion with biogas upgrading and thermochemical processes, in particular the gasification process), geothermal energy with low enthalpy plants, solar energy (both thermal and photovoltaic), bioliquids and biofuels. In addition, the practical tools typically needed in the energy characterization of biomasses at accredited laboratories will be discussed; 3) independent judgment: at the end of the course the student will have practical and theoretical notions relating to the main types of plants for the exploitation of renewable energy sources, strengthening the skills already developed in the three-year degree course and having the ability to solve related problems to issues, even new ones or which require multidisciplinary approaches, in any case deriving from the sector under study. 4) communication skills: at the end of the course the student will be able to communicate his conclusions in a clear and unambiguous way to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors operating in the renewable energy sector; 5) ability to learn: among the expected results is the student's development of a learning ability that allows him to deepen the issues addressed independently, adapting to the needs he will encounter in the workplace. - CARLINI Maurizio (syllabus) Environmental pollution sources (3h). Fuels classification (3h). Biomass characterization procedures for energy purposes (3h). Biochemical and thermochemical processes for energy production by residual biomasses, selection criteria (3h). Anaerobic digestion plant sizing procedure (exercise) (3h). Biofuels production by means of residual biomasses recovery (3h). Energy production by photovoltaic plants: basic theory, PV plant configuration and types, PV plant preliminary sizing procedure (3h). Solar energy for solar thermal collectors: basic theory, plant configuration and types, solar collector preliminary sizing procedure for domestic hot water supplying (3h). (reference books) Slides and lecture notes.	3	ING-IND/09	-	-	24	-	Other activities	-	ITA
15192 - Prova finale	5		-	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test		ITA
17938 - Biologia molecolare delle piante agrarie (objectives) A) COURSE OBJECTIVES The course aims to provide basic knowledge on biochemistry and molecular biology with particular reference to the agricultural context, and thus with a preparatory intend for the future acquisition of knowledge and skills in crop management. Further objectives are the improvement of the ability to learn and communication skills, i.e. the ability to expose thmes concerning the molecular biology of agricultural species with adequate terminology. - SESTILI Francesco (syllabus) PROGRAM The course is organized in two main sections: the first is focused on biochemistry and the second on molecular biology. Biochemistry 1- Introduction to the course / Basics 2-Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoconjugates. 3- Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 4-Amino acids, peptides and proteins. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Function of proteins. The role of enzymes. 5-Lipids: reserve lipids, membrane lipids, lipids as signals and cofactors. Exercises: carbohydrates: determination of total starch / amylose in wheat kernels. Molecular Biology - 1-Organization of genetic material in species of agricultural interest 2- DNA replication 3- Transcription 4- Translation 5- Overview of gene regulation in plants of agricultural interest 6- Recombinant DNA technology. - Overview of Microbiology / cloning of genes isolated from plant species - Genbank and database Exercises 1- Working with E. coli (cloning of plant-isolated genes) 2- Extraction of plasmid DNA 3- Quantification of nucleic acids / DNA digestion 4- Electrophoresis. Applications of recombinant DNA technology 1- Genetic modification of plants 2- GMOs: myths and superstitions 3- Selected cases of products deriving from genetically modified plants (reference books) Biochimica e biologia molecolare. Principi e tecniche.Edizione italiana a cura di Mirella S. Pilone e Loredano Pollegioni. Raffaello Cortina Editore. Teaching materials provided by the professor. Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger. David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. Zanichelli.	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Legislation and case studies for professional agronomists - COLETTA Attilio	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	-	ITA
15099 - Computer Aided Design - ARCANGELETTI ETTORE	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
17009 - English language B2	6		48	-	-	-		ITA
18353 - d - Colantoni Andrea	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura - Derived from 16971 Agricoltura di montagna in SCIENZE DELLA MONTAGNA (L-25 Rieti) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change - Derived from 118294 Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 BERNABUCCI Umberto	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change - Derived from 118285 Forest ecology and management underclimate change in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 Di Filippo Alfredo	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
118344 - Forest soils - Derived from 118344 Forest soils in SCIENZE DELLE FORESTE E DELLA NATURA (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119342 - Plagas emergentes de la agricultura Europea - Derived from 119342 Plagas emergentes de la agricultura Europea in CONSERVAZIONE E RESTAURO DELL' AMBIENTE E DELLE FORESTE (LM-73) LM-73 Speranza Stefano	3	AGR/11	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119343 - Forest ecology - Derived from 118625 Ecologia forestale e dendrometria in SCIENZE DELLE FORESTE E DELLA NATURA (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118339 - Relevant bacterial plant diseases - Derived from 118339 Relevant bacterial plant diseases in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 BALESTRA Giorgio mariano	3	AGR/12	24	-	-	-	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

15097 - Legislation and case studies for professional agronomists - COLETTA Attilio	8	AGR/01	64	-	-	-	-	ITA
15099 - Computer Aided Design - ARCANGELETTI ETTORE	4	AGR/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
17009 - English language B2	6		48	-	-	-		ITA
18353 - d - Colantoni Andrea	4	AGR/09	32	-	-	-	-	ITA
118282 - Tirocinio	3		-	-	-	-		ITA
118354 - Biotecnologie genetiche - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118355 - Biotecnologie per il miglioramento delle piante agrarie - Derived from 15595 Biotecnologie delle produzioni vegetali in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118381 - Alpicoltura - Derived from 16971 Agricoltura di montagna in SCIENZE DELLA MONTAGNA (L-25 Rieti) L-25 (docente da definire)	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	-	ITA
118294 - Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change - Derived from 118294 Impact and adaptation of livestock systems to climate change in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 BERNABUCCI Umberto	3	AGR/19	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
118285 - Forest ecology and management underclimate change - Derived from 118285 Forest ecology and management underclimate change in SCIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI (LM-69) LM-69 Di Filippo Alfredo	3	BIO/03	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
118344 - Forest soils - Derived from 118344 Forest soils in SCIENZE DELLE FORESTE E DELLA NATURA (L-25) L-25 (docente da definire)	3	AGR/14	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119342 - Plagas emergentes de la agricultura Europea - Derived from 119342 Plagas emergentes de la agricultura Europea in CONSERVAZIONE E RESTAURO DELL' AMBIENTE E DELLE FORESTE (LM-73) LM-73 Speranza Stefano	3	AGR/11	24	-	-	-	-	ITA