Degree Course: Landscape, planning and design Syllabus for A.Y. 2022/2023  

The course aims to provide the student with the The course aims to provide the student with the necessary skills for the formal control and description of the space through the tools of drawing, the different scales of representation and in the different descriptive modes ranging from free hand drawing to technical drawing (traditional or computerised).
First of all, the concept of "model" will be introduced, which is at the base of that synthesis operation that derives from the reading of space and that is preliminary to any operation of graphic translation of the complexity of real space.
This fundamental geometric model, intended as an interpretative scheme of reality and design prefiguration, the starting point of any operation of graphic control of space and must be investigated in its general and scalar characteristics in the light of the formal vocabulary on the basis of which it can be articulated.
It will therefore be presented the different possibilities of graphic rendering of this "model" and the fundamental operations of projection and section that structure the graphic translation, whether in the case of expressive drawing, from the real or freehand, both in the case of a drawing based on a bi-univocal relationship and on the basis of descriptive geometry and its methods (technical and scientific drawing).
The methods of representation will be presented in their specifications. Alongside the scientific foundations underlying traditional methods (parallel or central projection; orthogonal projections, quoted projections, axonometry, perspective), the privileged scope and characteristics of each method will be discussed
specifications.
The scales of representation - with particular attention to the intermediate scales that best support the design of the territory, the landscape and the urban context - must finally be investigated in their peculiarities, identifying their characteristics, communicative potential, application context and graphic conventions.
Through a continuous exercise of the eye/hand/pencil ratio the student will be educated to distinguish, within the space that surrounds him, the significant elements, essential to that phase of graphic transcription that is at the base of both the design hypotheses and the communication phase. This will be done through exercises both in the classroom and in the field, with specific and pre-established outputs with the teacher.
The technical drawing will be the object of exercises that the student will carry out both in the classroom and at home, supported by appropriate graphic tools, both for free-hand drawing and for drawing supported by computer tools.

To provide the basic knowledge to understand how a plant is organized and how it works in relation to its environment from cell to individual level, through an approach that integrates concepts of plant biology and plant ecology, to provide the basic elements for studying plant diversity and the geographic plant distribution, to understand the importance of the relationship between structure and function in plant adaptive capacity to environmental factors.

Applying knowledge and understanding
- Knowing how to use specific terminology.
- Knowing of the life processes of the plants
- Knowing how to recognize the structural characteristics of high plants
- Knowing how to distinguish the different types of plants in relation to the development environment.
- Understand the concept of plant species.
- Understand how different environmental factors influence plant diversity and its geographical distribution.
- Understand how different environmental stresses influence the plant adaptative capacity.

Making judgements
- Acquire analytical skills for the deepening and applicability of the knowledge learned.
Communication skills
- Knowing how to communicate what they have learned during the oral interview.
Learning skills
- To learn the specific terminology.
- To Logically connect the acquired knowledge.
- To identify the most relevant topics of the subjects covered.

The course of "Mathematical and Statistical Analysis" aims to provide students with the basic tools of mathematical analysis and statistics in order to be able to study, analyze and discuss real situations and phenomena through the use of mathematical models and statistical tools .

With specific reference to the Dublin Descriptors, the learning objectives are set out as follows:

Knowledge understanding : at the end of the course, students will acquire specific knowledge on the methodologies of mathematical and statistical analysis to read, describe, specify and interpret a real phenomenon through technical tools of mathematical and statistical nature. With reference to the topics of mathematical analysis, students will develop methodological knowledge and will be provided with the basic tools to study linear and transcendental functions both through the study of limits and of differential calculus; they will also be able to elaborate real problems through the use of linear algebra and matrix calculus. As far as the notions of statistics are concerned, the aim of the course is to provide students with the methodological knowledge and the ability to use methods and tools for: a) the descriptive analysis of data; b) the introduction to the study of phenomena under conditions of uncertainty, through the notions of probability theory and random variables; c) the study of relationships between variables both from a descriptive point of view and an introduction to modelling through linear functions.

Applying knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course, students will have acquired methodological knowledge and analytical skills and will be able to autonomously interpret analyses and empirical researches on the most relevant areas of intervention, also applied, relevant and related to the degree course. Students will be able to: i) evaluate the results of empirical analyses; consider the appropriateness of the mathematical and statistical methodologies used; identify any limitations of the analyses carried out and consider the use of alternative approaches;.

Making judgements: the course is aimed at encouraging a critical approach to the use of different approaches, methods and techniques for mathematical-statistical modelling and data analysis for the interpretation of phenomena applied in the fields of interest of the degree course. Students: i) will develop critical skills on the use of various methods in relation to the analysis objectives of the phenomenon under study; ii) will be able to evaluate the contribution of a specific mathematical and data analysis methodology to the study of real phenomena, including complex ones; iii) will develop the ability to coherently integrate the contribution provided by quantitative analysis methods with the student's interdisciplinary skills.

Communication skills: students will have developed specific skills to communicate unambiguously and clearly the analysis scheme adopted for the empirical study and to model, through mathematical analysis and statistics, real phenomena. The ability to communicate effectively will also be validated through the verification of logical-argumentative and synthesis skills.

Learning skills: the teaching methodologies used during the course and the use of learning verification methods focused on the study of real functions and analysis of problems based on the study of empirical distributions will contribute to strengthen the students' ability of autonomy of judgement and the development of self-learning skills.

The course aims to introduce the main environmental issues , deriving from anthropic activities, that cause a severe impact on three environmental matrices such as air, water and soil. In particular, attention will be focused on the chemical processes characterizing environmental matrices such as soil, water and air from their elemental composition to the chemical transformations occurring within each of them. A special focus will be granted to the soil matrix as a complex and vulnerable system.
In particular the student will
1) increase the knowledge of the earth system and its different ecospheres
2) be able to relate anthropic impacts to the different environmental matrices to highlight stress conditions
3) be able to make judgments deriving from the level of knowledge gained
4) improve the communication skills thanks to the acquisition of a specific scientific language
5) learn the tools to understand the phenomena affecting environmental matrices and their dynamics

The course aims to equip students with the methodological tools useful for ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of projects and strategies for the enhancement of natural, landscape and agro-forestry resources.

Expected learning outcomes according to the Dublin descriptors.

- Recognize and interpret the market for goods and services related to landscape heritage (Dublin 1);
- Apply acquired knowledge to the evaluation of interventions and projects for the enhancement of landscape heritage (Dublin 2);
- Independently develop analysis and value estimation judgments of landscape heritage (Dublin 3);
- Acquire presentation skills of technical elebarates (Dublin 4).
- Full knowledge of key information sources of market data, costs and valuation parameters (Dublin 5).

This course aims to prepare to know and use the English language with the aim of progressively achieving a level B eligibility. The comprehension and expression of oral language is privileged, without neglecting the linguistic competence required for a clear and correct written expression. For this purpose, the adopted text allows students to personalize effectively what is highlighted in the classroom through further revision and self-learning systems.
The technical linguistic area of exercise will concern the landscape design and the management of the territory, with appropriate formal lexical insights and drafting of special glossaries.
Presentations of scientific topics, conversations, debates, analysis of experiences and personal research: all this converges to form and stimulate creative skills, inspired by historical examples showing that the landscape design is to be regarded as a true living art.

The"Laboratorio di analisi e progettazione del paesaggio", consisting of two highly integrated modules, Landscape Design Elements and Plant Ecology, aims to provide students with the tools to describe, interpret, and design the landscape with reference to cultural and interdisciplinary orientations of contemporary debate.
The guiding hypothesis of the "Elementi di progettazione del paesaggio" course is to firmly connect the moment of analysis to that of interpretation and design proposal, highlighting how analyses are always inevitably connected and bound to a specific design purpose (explicit or implicit).
Within the course, the project is therefore intended not as an "end" but as a path of exploration and verification necessary for the critical acquisition of knowledge.
The course objectives are to provide the basic knowledge to understand the importance and functional role of the plant component in landscape planning and design. Specifically:
- Knowledge and understanding: to understand the concept of landscape as introduced by the European Landscape Convention. To grasp the key concepts related to the working tools of the landscape architect: soil, water, vegetation, subjects, history (dynamics).
- Application of knowledge and understanding: to be able to perform thematic analyses and landscape readings, also using basic and thematic technical cartographies for the understanding and design of the landscape; to be able to interpret the system of relationships that define a given landscape.
- Ability to draw conclusions: to acquire autonomy in analysis and evaluation of a given territorial area (limits and possibilities) in order to develop improvement proposals (project).
- Communication skills: ability to verbally argue and through the drafting of technical and/or communicative drawings the fundamental characteristics of a landscape, critical evaluations regarding the transformability of a space, the objectives, actions, and interventions that make up a design proposal.
- Learning skills: Learn the specific terminology; Logically connect the acquired knowledge; Identify the most relevant themes of the topics covered; acquire a methodology of landscape design.

Applying knowledge:
- Knowing how to use specific terminology.
- Knowing how to classify the vegetation on a physiognomic basis.
- Knowing how to use the vegetation maps for the landscape design
Applying understanding:
- Understand the concept of ecosystem and landscape
- Understand the difference between the concept of flora and plant association
- Understand the criteria for choosing the species to design the landscape
Evaluation skills
- Acquire analytical skills for the deepening and applicability of the knowledge learned.
- Autonomy of judgment with respect to issues related to the use of plants in landscape design
Communication skills
- Knowing how to argue the choices made concerning the developed project, especially as regards the botanical aspects of the design
Learning skills
- To learn the specific terminology.
- To Logically connect the acquired knowledge.
- To identify the most relevant topics of the subjects covered

The course aims to provide students with a basic knowledge of herbaceous systems, giving an overview of the knowledge and technical elements of the main agricultural herbaceous crop groupings from a landscape perspective. Particularly, the course will provide the classification of herbaceous crops, describing the special characteristics (morphological, biological, cultural) of the different groups. The course will also provide knowledge of the main elements of agronomic techniques, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology as well as biotic and abiotic factors influencing herbaceous production. Furthermore, the course aims to introduce students to the understanding of the functioning of herbaceous agroecosystem as a productive space capable of providing ecosystem services and landscape quality.

The course aims to provide basic knowledge about tree crop systems and elements for understanding the tree's biology, the peculiarities of the life cycle and tree seasonal growth. The course allows to acquire the knowledge of the bases of agronomical techniques and the main interventions on the plant and the environment in relation to the effects on the quality of the environment and the landscape. The course intends to introduce the student to the understanding of the concept of agro-ecosystem as a productive space, provider of eco-system services and landscape quality.
KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND - To have acquired knowledge of the agro-phenological tree cycle, organizational structure and operating principles of the orchard agro-ecosystem. To have learned the impacts of the main management techniques of the agrarian system and the strategies to contain the negative impact on environmental resources, from biodiversity, soil fertility, to the quality of the atmosphere and the landscape. Be able to critically read the forms of the agrarian landscape.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING - To have sufficient knowledge of the tree system to allow analysis, interpretation of strengths and weaknesses of tree systems, and the definition of strategies at the landscape or local scale for the improvement of environmental and landscape quality, according to the principles of sustainability.
JUDGEMENT AUTONOMY - Be able to interpret and evaluate the quality of different tree patterns and related landscapes.
LEARNING SKILLS - Be able to describe and explain different aspects of the agro-ecosystem. This skill will be developed through active involvement of students through classroom discussions during face-to-face lectures and during thematic technical visits.

Rural Areas
Rural areas are places traditionally devoted to agricultural and forestry production, but today are also great assets in the provision of multiple services for contemporary society. The course introduces students to conceptual and applied approaches to the analysis of the rural territory in its physical-environmental, historical, landscape and socio-economic components, with a fo-cus onurban and peri-urban contexts. The lab deals with these issues in an integrated and ap-plied way, useful for developing the student's knowledge and understanding of rural land-scapes identification and classification on a large scale.

Expected learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding
-Ability to use an appropriate scientific language with respect to the analysis of the structure of the landscape mosaic in rural contexts and to the knowledge of the main regulatory and planning tools for the governance of the landscape in rural territories.
Applied knowledge and understanding
- Ability to represent the results of the landscape mosaic analysis in an effective way through digital cartographies in GIS environment
- Ability to make use of techniques of analysis and classification of rural territories in an autonomous way
Autonomy of judgement
Ability to understand the socio-economic factors and dynamics behind the main transformation processes of the rural territory and the related tools for monitoring .
Communication skills
To be able to communicate with appropriate technical-scientific language the concepts inherent to the analysis and representation of the landscape mosaic with particular reference to the classification of the structure of the landscape mosaic in urban and peri-urban contexts.

Learning skills
- develop an own mental model for addressing simple tasks of analysis and classification of the landscape mosaic. Ability to look for different digital and bibliographic sources in order to acquire new and updated competences.

Urban Planning
The course aims to provide basic knowledge of Urban Planning and Territorial Planning, also with laboratory activities, to allow the student to be trained on the fundamental aspects of the morphology of urbanized areas, of the development and evolution of the form of modern city up to the contemporary sustainable experiences in Europe, of the urban planning and the legislative instruments and the cultural debate at their base.
Expected learning
The Urban Planning and Spatial Planning Module aims to develop the learning conditions and the following skills in the student:
- Knowledge and understanding
Ability to use an appropriate scientific language with respect to the analysis of the urban structure and the knowledge of the main regulatory and planning tools for territorial governante
- Knowledge and applied understanding skills
• Ability to represent the results of the analysis of the urban structure effectively, also through the three laboratory tables developed during the year
• Ability to make use of analysis techniques of the urban structure in an autonomous way
- Autonomy of judgment
Ability to understand the cultural factors and socio-economic dynamics underlying the main transformation processes of the urban structure
- Communication skills
Knowing how to communicate the concepts inherent in the reading and representation of the urban structure with appropriate technical-cultural language, with particular reference to the aspects related to the floor instrumentation and to the laws of greatest reference

Ability to learn
Develop the ability to autonomously set the transformation processes of the urban structure. Have the ability to draw on various cartographic databases and bibliographic sources in order to acquire new and updated skills.

The course aims to provide the tools and methodologies for analysing the territory at the planning scale. the main training objectives are:
- Knowledge and comprehension skills: during the course, the student will acquire comprehension and problem-solving skills through analysis methodologies that simulate real contexts;
- Applied knowledge and comprehension skills will be developed by the student through teaching integrated with laboratory activities in classrooms equipped with dedicated GIS software;
- Autonomy of judgement in the "problem solving" phase in the risk contexts addressed during the course;
- Communication skills through the drafting of reports and projects to be presented during the examination;
- Ability to learn.

The course will introduce students to soil science to the principles and approaches of soil investigation. The course aims to provide knowledge on the genesis and evolution of soils and provide the basis for further specialized studies in the field of land and environmental planning and design according to conservation of soil as a non-renewable resource. Specifically, the soils of urban ecosystems with different degrees of anthropization and soils in agricultural, grassland and forest ecosystems will be dealt with.
In particular, the course aims to:
1) increase the knowledge of the soil system by understanding its functions and properties with respect to pedogenesis
2) to increase the knowledge of the possible applications of pedology in the analysis and understanding of the landscape and the environment
3) acquire the ability to evaluate the ecosystem services of natural and anthropogenic environments with respect to soil properties
4) acquire knowledge of the language and terminology of pedology
5) improve the ability to learn and understand the soil system and its functions also through a soil survay.

The course aims to provide basic knowledge on phenomena related to climate change and environmental risks and on technological measures of prevention, mitigation and adaptation to face these challenges. The course aims to examine the main technological solutions to be adopted for landscape architecture and environmental design and to provide the necessary tools for the conscious choice and the correct use of natural and artificial materials, according to the 'Green -Blue Infrastructure '(GBI) approach. The course aims to facilitate the understanding of the main classes of building materials to be used in the open space and in the urban envelope, evaluating their characteristics, properties and performance, as well as the methods of use, favoring "nature-based solutions" (NBS). Through the analysis of case studies and the study of product data sheets, the course aims to develop an adequate critical capacity in the selection of solutions, materials and design parameters useful to satisfy the complex requirement framework that characterizes the open space and the built environment.
1) Knowledge and understanding
Acquire knowledges about the basic methodological-operational aspects related to i) the understanding of the main environmental phenomena that influence the project in the urban space ii) the correct selection and the design of technologies and building materials applicable to open spaces and urban envelope
2) Knowledge and applied understanding skills
Acquire the ability to understand environmental phenomena at the landscape and urban scale, in order to identify technological solutions and effective products in the processes of analysis and transformation of the built environment, justifying the choices in the context of environmental technological design with reference to open spaces
3) Autonomy of judgment
Acquire the skills to independently identify and collect additional information necessary to achieve awareness of natural phenomena and their evolution. Develope the capacity of interpretation of the information available in the context of an urban-scale project
4) Communication skills
Display competences in communicating information and concepts, discussing issues about the landscape and the urban environment and technological solutions or materials to be used in the project. Develope the capacity of choosing the appropriate form and means of communication for the interlocutor (specialist or not)
5) Ability to learn
Acquire the abilities in the field of technologies and materials to be applied to open spaces, also in relation to the progressive innovation of production and construction processes. Demonstrate independence and proficiency in new and updated skills.

Educational objectives
This course aims at providing students with a thorough understanding of the role of forest ecosystems in characterizing the structure and function of landscapes. It aims at: i) providing basic theoretical and methodological knowledge to analyze the composition and functioning of forest ecosystems; ii) developing an adequate critical-interpretative capacity on the dynamics of the forest ecosystem and on the interpretation of the competitive phenomena that regulate the regeneration and growth of forests; and iii) acquiring basic knowledge relating to sustainable management of forest ecosystems, conservation of biodiversity and adaptation to climate change.

Learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding
Knowing and being able to understand the basics about i) functioning of forest ecosystems and their contribution to the identity and quality of landscapes, and ii) the sustainable and adaptive management of forest ecosystems.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Knowing and applying the understanding of ecological processes for the conservation of forest ecosystems, for the improvement of biodiversity, for the adaptation and mitigation of climate change and for the design of restoration ecology interventions
3) Making judgments
Being able to identify and collect additional information to achieve greater awareness of natural phenomena and their evolution. Being able to provide his own assessment based on the interpretation of the information available in the context of ecological management of forest landscape and/or landscape and environmental planning.
4) Communication skills
Knowing how to effectively communicate information and concepts, as well as discussing problems of conservation and improvement of forest ecosystems and about mitigation of the impacts of environmental and anthropogenic disturbances on forest landscapes. Knowing how to select the most appropriate forms and ways of communication, according to different types of audience.
5) Learning skills
Getting the appropriate skills for continuously keeping updated in the area of forest ecosystem monitoring and management. Having the ability to draw on various bibliographic sources in order to acquire new and updated skills.

Educational objectives
This course aims at providing students knowledge and understanding on:
a) basic morphological information to recognize Italian forest tree species and the most common ornamental tree species used in parks, gardens and tree rows;
b) ecological, dimensional and structural aspects of tree species in relation to their ecological needs; links with the technical characteristics of forest management and/or tree arboriculture.
The course allows to acquire awareness of historical, social and economic role of rural woodlands and urban forests for green infrastructure design and planning & management purposes.

Learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding
to recognize i) the macroscopic morphological characteristics of Italian forest tree species and the main exotic ornamental tree species used in urban and periurban green areas, with reference to their ecological needs. ii) ecological, dimensional and structural aspects of tree species in relation to their ecological needs; links with the technical characteristics of forest management and/or tree arboriculture
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Knowing and applying the understanding of recognize the macroscopic morphological characteristics of Italian forest tree species and the main exotic ornamental tree species, with reference to their ecological needs, which can be used to design green infrastructures in urban and periurban green areas.
3) Making judgments
Being able to identify and collect additional information to achieve greater awareness of understanding to recognize i) the geographycal distribution and limits of tree species used in Italy; ii) the main quality characteristics of plants grown in nurseries.
4) Communication skills
Knowing how to effectively communicate information and concepts, as well as discussing pros and cons about the tree species to be used in green infrastructure design. Use of the dendrological terminology to develop communication skills (the use of proper terminology will be tested in the examination). Knowing how to select the most appropriate forms and ways of communication, according to different types of audience.
5) Learning skills
Getting the appropriate skills for continuously keeping updated in the area of dendrological knowledge and skills for green infrastructure design using appropriate tree species. Having the ability to draw on various bibliographic sources in order to acquire new and updated skills. The course of DEDROLOGY is connected with FOREST ECOLOGY and SILVICULTURE, with the following Educational objectives:

FOREST ECOLOGY and SILVICULTURE
Educational objectives
This course aims at providing students with a thorough understanding of the role of forest ecosystems in characterizing the structure and function of landscapes. It aims at: i) providing basic theoretical and methodological knowledge to analyze the composition and functioning of forest ecosystems; ii) developing an adequate critical-interpretative capacity on the dynamics of the forest ecosystem and on the interpretation of the competitive phenomena that regulate the regeneration and growth of forests; and iii) acquiring basic knowledge relating to sustainable management of forest ecosystems, conservation of biodiversity and adaptation to climate change.

Learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding
Knowing and being able to understand the basics about i) functioning of forest ecosystems and their contribution to the identity and quality of landscapes, and ii) the sustainable and adaptive management of forest ecosystems.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Knowing and applying the understanding of ecological processes for the conservation of forest ecosystems, for the improvement of biodiversity, for the adaptation and mitigation of climate change and for the design of restoration ecology interventions
3) Making judgments
Being able to identify and collect additional information to achieve greater awareness of natural phenomena and their evolution. Being able to provide his own assessment based on the interpretation of the information available in the context of ecological management of forest landscape and/or landscape and environmental planning.
4) Communication skills
Knowing how to effectively communicate information and concepts, as well as discussing problems of conservation and improvement of forest ecosystems and about mitigation of the impacts of environmental and anthropogenic disturbances on forest landscapes. Knowing how to select the most appropriate forms and ways of communication, according to different types of audience.
5) Learning skills
Getting the appropriate skills for continuously keeping updated in the area of forest ecosystem monitoring and management. Having the ability to draw on various bibliographic sources in order to acquire new and updated skills.

Landscape Architecture, design culture for outdoor spaces, in its various forms, has recently shown interesting evolutionary trends that have extended the competences of this discipline in different directions, making it a key element for reflection on the rethinking of the ways of transformation of the human habitat. The course aims to offer on the cognitive, theoretical and technical level of the main aspects of Landscape Architecture, in its various forms, with particular reference to the international panorama of projects and achievements: from the park to the urban public space, up to the urban landscape arrangements and extra-urban, through interpretation instruments, design motivations, knowledge of natural and artificial elements and of the main techniques that constitute the specific heritage of this discipline.

Knowledge of the National, European and World Context of forestation and forest restoration programs. Knowledge of the National, European and World Context of forestation and forest restoration programs. 1) Knowledge and ability to understand: To know and be able to understand the basic methodological-operational aspects related to i) the understanding of the main forest formations, and ii) the design of the main reforestation techniques and interventions through species selection and planting techniques. 2) Applied Knowledge and Ability to Understand: Know how to apply knowledge and understanding of physiological and natural processes to identify simple solutions and argue for choices in landscape and environmental planning. 3) Autonomy of Judgment: Be able to identify and gather additional information to achieve a greater awareness of natural phenomena and their evolution. 4) Communication Skills: Be able to effectively communicate information and concepts as well as discuss planting issues and species selection. Know how to choose the form and medium of communication appropriate to the speaker. 5) Learning skills: To have the necessary learning skills for continuous updating in the field of forestry techniques in peri-urban and rural environments. Have the ability to draw on various bibliographic sources in order to acquire new and updated skills.

Educational objectives
This course aims at providing students with a thorough grounding in the basics of hydrogeological processes and biotechnical engineering. It offers students the opportunity to: i) understand the theory underlying major hydrological and soil phenomena; ii) critically comprehend the evolution of such phenomena; and iii) design simple bioengineering measures.

Learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding
Acquisition of knowledge on the basic theory and methods behind i) hydrogeological processes, and ii) biotechnical engineering measures.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Acquire the ability to design simple biotechnical engineering measures and to develop strategies in the context of landscape planning.
3) Making judgments
Acquire the skills to independently use library and internet resources relevant to the comprehension of hydrogeological phenomena. Develop the capacity to assess and resolve simple environmental constraints and strategies relevant to landscape planning.
4) Communication skills
Display competence in communicating effectively hydrogeological and biotechnical engineering concepts. Demonstrate understanding of opportunities in the field of communication in various settings and contexts (both technical and non-technical).
5) Learning skills
Acquire the abilities to efficiently identify areas of biotechnical engineering for improvement and demonstrate independence and proficiency in updating and upgrading own skills.

Educational objectives

The course adresses the main phases of landscape transformation, with particular regard to agricultural landscapes and the Italian territory, with also an eye on other western european experiences. It provides the basic methodological tools to 'interpret' the landscape as a result of the centuries-old, stratified interaction between History and Nature, to be examined with a multi-disciplinary approach in order to appreciate the plurality and complexity of the dynamics from which it originates (political-social, economic-productive, cultural and symbolic, etc.).
In this framework, the course illustrates the evolution of ‘garden art’ as maximum expression of a conscious and planned transformation of the 'natural datum' driven by aesthetic, formal and symbolic purposes. Moreover, the course clarifies its relationship with the concurrent cultural beliefs and the wider transformation of the landscape, with a specific focus on the Italian case.

Learning outcomes

1) Knowledge and understanding
Acquisition of the basic methodological tools to 'interpret' the landscape as a result of the centuries-old, stratified interaction between History and Nature, and to appreciate the plurality and complexity of the dynamics from which it originates (political-social, economic-productive, cultural and symbolic, etc.).
Acquisition of knowledge on the evolution of ‘garden art’ and its relationship with the concurrent cultural beliefs and the wider transformation of the landscape, with a specific focus on the Italian case.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Acquire the ability to identify simple design solutions on parks and gardens and to develop strategies in the context of landscape planning.
3) Making judgments
Acquire the skills to independently use library and internet resources; develop the capacity to assess and resolve simple problems regarding landscape planning and design solutions on parks and gardens.
4) Comminication skills
Display competence in communicating effectively information and concepts, or discussing design solutions on parks and gardens and strategies in the context of landscape planning.
5) Learning skills
Strengthen the ability to autonomously develop new knowledge and skills.

This module of the course aims to provide the student with basic notions related to landscape and environment planning, with respect to the assessment of the ecological impacts of plans and projects, the landscape ecology, the ecological networks and the urban-landscape design aspects. The practical part will concern the development of a landscape planning /evaluation hypothesis about a case study assigned during the course. The student will be able to acquire knowledge and understanding of the rules and phases of landscape and environmental planning and the ability to apply the latter through the realization of a landscape planning/evalutation project of a territory, with adequate autonomy of judgment and ability to communicate what has been achieved.
Materials in English for international students concern only a selected part of the programme, but are sufficient to take the exam.

Learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding
Knowledge and comprehension of the operational and methodological issues related to i) landscape and environmental planning; ii) evaluation of impacts of plans and projects; landscape ecology and ecological netorks; iv) urban/landscape planning..
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Being able to apply the acquired knowledge and comprehension ability in the framework of landscape planning activities, evaluation activities, with the capacity to defend the proposed options and methodological choices.
3) Making judgments
Ability to autonomous evaluate the available information in the framework of activities oriented to landscape planning and environmental planning: ability to research and additional evaluations to increase the available know how, adapting it to the evolution of methods and tecniques.
4) Communication skills
Ability to communicate concepts and information efficiently, targeting different actors in the territory, arguing on main issues on landscape and environmental planning, illustrating concepts, and modifying the communication strategy to target audience, including technicians, policy makers, and active citizenship.
5) Learning skills
Acquire the ability of continuous learning to updated own knowledge in the landscape and environmental planning sector, indentifying valuable sources and developing further abilities.

The module aims to provide the student with basic notions related to the planning of areas designated for nature conservation and to the forest management planning, with respect to the regional, landscape and property level, as an additional element of the more general landscape and environmental planning previous module. Among the topics that will be covered there is biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, types of protected areas and their functions. The student will be able to acquire knowledge and understanding of the rules and phases of protected areas and forest planning and the ability to apply the latter through the realization of a landscape planning/evalutation project of a territory, with adequate autonomy of judgment and ability to communicate what has been achieved.
Materials in English for international students concern only a selected part of the programme, but are sufficient to take the exam.

Learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding
Knowledge and comprehension of the operational and methodological issues related to i) forest and protected areas planning; ii) evaluation of impacts of plans and projects; landscape ecology and ecological networks; iv) hotspot planning.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Being able to apply the acquired knowledge and comprehension ability in the framework of forest and protected areas planning activities, evaluation activities, with the capacity to defend the proposed options and methodological choices.
3) Making judgments
Ability to autonomous evaluate the available information in the framework of activities oriented to forest and protected areas planning and environmental planning: ability to research and to conduct additional evaluations to increase the available know how, adapting it to the evolution of methods and techniques.
4) Communication skills
Ability to communicate concepts and information efficiently, targeting different actors in the territory, arguing on main issues on forest and protected areas planning, illustrating concepts, and modifying the communication strategy to target audience, including technicians, policy makers, and active citizenship.
5) Learning skills
Acquire the ability of continuous learning to updated own knowledge in the forest and protected areas planning sector, identifying valuable sources and developing further new abilities.

The course aims to provide students with the reconstructive and critical skills needed to orientate themselves in an extremely current but complex and constantly evolving subject, which must be analyzed in a multilevel governance perspective. In particular, the course aims to provide students with the basic notions of environmental law and, more generally, of governing the territory, in order to acquire the necessary legal tools to allow the various professional figures involved in landscape planning to actively participate in the territorial planning process.
To this end, will be analyzed the national, European and international legislation and the most recent developments in environmental law will be examined in class.

Expected learning outcomes according to the Dublin descriptors
1) Knowledge and understanding
Acquisition of knowledge about how to understand the role of regulations in environmental law, in particular to read and interpret the regulations and judgments
2) Applied knowledge and understanding
Acquire the ability to understand the legal principles dealt with to apply them to concrete cases
3) Autonomy of judgment
Acquire the ability to identify and collect additional information to achieve greater
awareness of the evolution of environmental legislation
Acquire the ability to effectively communicate information and concepts, as well as discuss legal problems of environmental law related to landscape planning
5) Ability to learn
Acquire skills necessary for autonomous ability to read the rules and legal update

Educational objectives
The course provides students with methodological tools useful for ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of projects and strategies for enhancing natural, landscape and agro-forestry resources.

Learning outcomes
- Recognize and understand agro-forestry good and services markets functioning (Dublin1);
- Apply the knowledge acquired to evaluate projects and programs related to natural resources management (Dublin2);
- Develop autonomously analysis to evaluate agro-forestry assets (Dublin3);
- Acquire presentation skills of technical-economic evaluation essay (Dublin4);
- Full knowledge of the main information sources of market data, costs and estimation parameters (Dublin 5)

The course deals with the methodological aspects closely related to the landscape project, from understanding and interpreting the landscape dimension of the territory to the identification of design actions, using also operational moments of verification and according to a process that proceeds from diagnosis to intervention with continuity.

The course is part of final landscape workshop. It aims to provide supporting tools for landscape project, such as contents and technical-scientific skills on ecological design. The main training objective is to provide students specific technical knowledge, theoretical, critical-interpretative, and applicative skills for correct application in agricultural and forestry landscape project, on any scale of representation. In particular, the course aims to provide design and planning skills for maximizing the ecosystem services of different land uses and covers, with specific reference to rural space, natural areas and to public parks, in extra-urban and urban contest.