Degree Course: Environmental and Forest Conservation and Restoration Syllabus for A.Y. 2022/2023  

a) training objectives
- comprehension of the morphology and etology of the insects as result of evolutionary processes.
- comprehension of the interactions among different organisms within an ecosystem.

b) expected training results
- Knowledge on the evolution of some morphological structures of the insects and of some aspects of their etology.
- knowledge on the principal relations among the different organisms within the ecosystems.
- Acquisition of a fundamental ecological culture for a correct management of the environment.

Knowledge and understanding
To present and promote knowledge of the characteristics of forest and environmental goods and services, whether they are material and/or immaterial, tangible and/or intangible. Acquire knowledge and understanding of the methodologies that allow the formulation of judgements of valuation according to a monetary metric, of the mentioned goods and service. Distinguish types of value judgements.

Applied knowledge and understanding.
Combine and apply the methodologies used to formulate value judgements for forest and environmental goods and services. Identify the most effective and efficient methodology for the type of goods and services being valued.

Making judgment
Acquire data and information, indicate documentary sources, build the database to facilitate interpretation and processing. Discuss the estimation process, highlight the results and their significance. Develop any comparative analysis. To make the assessment judgement independently, without external constraints.

Communication skills
Acquire the ability to argue the evaluation process, provide information and explanations. Ability to suggest solutions to problems.

Learning skill
Have acquired the necessary skills to perform the task of assessor. Ability to integrate the skills learned with new methodologies for processing and new forms of argumen

A) OBIETTIVI FORMATIVI IN INGLESE
The Course aims to provide advanced knowledge in the certification of sustainable forest management and wood certification, both as process and product certification. Therefore, the student will have training in the certification of sustainable forest management according to the FSC and PEFC schemes and the chain of custody, in the certification of structural wood, in a Due Diligence system in compliance with the European Regulation that combats the introduction and marketing, in the territory of the European Union, of timber and wood-based products resulting from deforestation, pursuing the objective of contributing to the formation of a master's degree graduate with skills in the implementation of sustainable forest management.
B) RISULTATI DI APPRENDIMENTO ATTESI IN INGLESE
At the end of the course the student will have acquired the following learning outcomes.
1) Knowledge and understanding
Knowledge of the characteristics of forest certification schemes and ability to introduce a company to management certification and CoC, also in relation to the EU indications; knowledge of the dictates of the European Regulation that combats deforestation and illegality in the wood sector; knowledge of the legislation relating to the wood sector. The knowledge and understanding extend those acquired during previous university education and allow analyses that are not only appropriate, but also original, particularly according to the principles of environmental sustainability.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Knowledge and understanding of the voluntary and mandatory regulations concerning the wood sector and the certification of GFS and CoC according to different certification schemes, being able to effectively use the technical knowledge on the main wood-based products, on the traceability and transformation processes, on the sector regulations and on the certification systems of the wood supply chain, finalizing them to satisfy the requirements of the forest certification schemes and of the European Regulation that combats deforestation. The knowledge and skills acquired are aimed at having the ability to support one's own judgments and resolve complex issues concerning forest management, wood production and its use also in an interdisciplinary context. These skills are declined according to the principles of environmental sustainability, with a professional and ethically correct approach.
3) Making judgements
Being able to collect data and interpret results obtained from the observation of forest management, management of the introduction of wood or wood products on the European market to draw judgements supported by a scientific methodological approach, knowing how to choose the most appropriate methodology for the specific case, taking into account the sustainability of the processes; being able to manage complex situations related to certification, also in relation to social responsibility and ethics concerning the marketing of "illegal wood".
4) Communication skills
Being able to communicate unambiguously in the appropriate language with specialist and non-specialist interlocutors, correctly using the scientific and technical terminology of the sector.
5) Learning skills
Developing the learning skills necessary to keep preparation up to date and to continue studying independently. To this end, the use of electronic resources made available by the University Library System is recommended.

The course of “Forest Soil Microbiology” deals with the soil microbiology in forest by applicative point of view and with specific reference to the conservation and restoration of microbial biodiversity and functional ecosystem quality.

EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS
• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire knowledge and understanding about the microbial ecology and the main microbial taxa for the monitoring of soil biogeochemical cycles and for restoration of soil biodiversity in forest.
• Apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the skills to apply the theoretical knowledge of the topics discussed in the course with a critical meaning for role of microbiology for nitrogen fixation, microbiome sciences, SO priming and for humus formation.
• Making judgements: The student will be able to identify the strategy for planning soil monitoring and restoration and assess the risks for forest environment without being influenced by carriers of interest.
• Communication skills: The student will be able to communicate to third parties relevant information and specific problems for different environmental contexts.
• Learning skills: Additional objectives include improving learning abilities and communication skills, more specifically the ability to present topics related to the microbiology of interface plant-soils in forest environment using appropriate terminology.

The course aims to provide the cognitive fundamentals of the concepts of soil quality and recovery, as well as an in-depth knowledge of the dynamics of nutrients in soil and the problems related to their availability to plants, with particular reference to the mechanisms of nutrient acquisition at the level of the soil-plant system (rhizosphere).
Knowledge and understanding of 1) the approaches available for the assessment of soil quality and fertility, 2) the effects that natural or anthropogenic disturbances have on soil and the nutrient cycle, and 3) the soil-plant relationships, with the aim of defining the basis for the development of strategies aimed at achieving greater nutrient efficiency, understood as better utilisation of available resources, in both good quality and degraded soils.
Ability to apply the knowledge acquired from theoretical lectures and practical laboratory activities to 1) identify the most suitable analytical methods for assessing and monitoring soil quality and health, 2) hypothesise changes in soil characteristics and nutrient cycles as a result of natural or anthropogenic disturbances, 3) hypothesise changes in nutrient availability as a result of natural or anthropogenic disturbances.
During the lectures and exercises, the student will acquire autonomy of judgement that will allow him/her to 1) judge the nutrient dynamics and quality of a soil from a forest and environmental point of view; 2) critically evaluate the quality of available technical/scientific information.
Ability to present acquired skills with appropriate language and the use of technical and specific terms and to retrieve information from online bibliography. Communication skills will be tested in the examination.
Acquisition of learning strategies: at the end of the course, the student will have developed the ability to autonomously learn new concepts, to describe situations different from those considered during the course, also combining different theories, in order to apply them both in a continuation of third-level studies (PhD) and in professional life.

The course aims to provide basic knowledge, skills, legislative and regulatory tools so that the students can develop the ability to evaluate environmental quality through reading and assessing the composition and articulation of animal communities. In this regard, the course consists of lectures and theoretical/practical initiatives to be carried out in parallel, such as excursions aimed at observing and sampling animals in their environments, practical laboratory experiences related to the identification of taxa, the application of animal indices for the evaluation of environmental quality. Regarding the expected knowledge and understanding, students must be able to classify freshwater environments, determine the most important environmental parameters, identify the structuring communities, identify the sampled organisms, describe their main adaptations. They must also know the main theories on the zoning of running waters and be able to apply environmental quality evaluation indices. Regarding terrestrial ecosystems (especially forests), the student must be able to recognize structuring communities and taxocoenoses, identify the main taxonomic groups and be able to evaluate environmental quality through the application of simple indices. Regarding sandy and rocky marine communities, the student must be able to evaluate environmental quality through the application of specific microbiological indices, based on algae, phanerogams and macroinvertebrates. Based on this acquired knowledge, the student must be able to apply the main biotic indices for evaluating environmental quality and derive, autonomously, judgments on the main interventions to remove the disturbing causes. Finally, the student must be able to communicate these results and their evaluations through the acquisition of specific languages. These skills and the ability to learn will be the subject of evaluation.

The theoretical-practical course for students of the Master's Degree "Conservation and restoration of the environment and Forests" aimed at acquiring knowledge on advanced techniques for studying and identifying spontaneous vascular plants of the Italian flora. The student will develop the ability to collect data in the field, identify species with the current tools available in literature and online, and process data in ecological and conservationist terms. He will acquire the processing and writing skills for some application cases (e.g. Directive 92/43 EEC (annex 2); floristic notes; writing a floristic article).

Teached only in Italian

a) TRAINING OBJECTIVES
The course is aimed at those who want to acquire advanced knowledge to operate, at managerial, managerial and coordination level, in the field of forest operations, soil protection, forestry planning and biodiversity conservation. Essential knowledge of the bases of forest planning and management of the forest yards. The mastery of the legislative and technical-scientific instruments necessary for the design and operational management of forest yards.
b) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS
At the end of the course, students must be able to:
1) know the legislative and technical principles that govern forest activities and planning and be able to read and understand forest projects;
2) analyze an executive forestry project and understand the structure of the forestry yard;
3) to know how to operate independently in assessing the correct execution of works deriving from forest planning and execution of the relative forest yards;
4) acquire communication skills at a technical and scientific level, aimed at properly presenting their projects or assessments of tested works.
5) have the ability to know how to seek and learn scientific and technological innovations aimed at the forestry sector, making use of officially recognized national and international databases.

The course aims to provide the tools and methodologies for analysing the territory at the planning scale. the main training objectives are:
- Knowledge and comprehension skills: during the course, the student will acquire comprehension and problem-solving skills through analysis methodologies that simulate real contexts;
- Applied knowledge and comprehension skills will be developed by the student through teaching integrated with laboratory activities in classrooms equipped with dedicated GIS software;
- Autonomy of judgement in the "problem solving" phase in the risk contexts addressed during the course;
- Communication skills through the drafting of reports and projects to be presented during the examination;
- Ability to learn.

The course aims to provide the tools and methodologies for analysing the territory at the planning scale. the main training objectives are:
- Knowledge and comprehension skills: during the course, the student will acquire comprehension and problem-solving skills through analysis methodologies that simulate real contexts;
- Applied knowledge and comprehension skills will be developed by the student through teaching integrated with laboratory activities in classrooms equipped with dedicated GIS software;
- Autonomy of judgement in the "problem solving" phase in the risk contexts addressed during the course;
- Communication skills through the drafting of reports and projects to be presented during the examination;
- Ability to learn.

1)(knowledge and understanding) Understanding patterns and functions of the plant component of ecosystems and landscapes
2) (applying knowledge and understanding) Learning how to manage and monitor plant biodiversity in the landscape.
3) (making judgements); basic ability about how to evalaute the consrevation status of a plant community
4) (communication skills); not applicable
5) (learning skills) be able to read and understand technical papers and Natura2000 reports.

Knowledge of the natural dynamics and structure of ecosystems, with a particular focus on forests.
Quantify the structural and compositive attributes related to naturalness and the ecological processes that generate them.
Quantify the degradation of an ecosystem.

To consolidate and expand the knowledge and comprehension of forest tree species evolution and adaptation. To provide a benchmark framework of analytical procedures for monitoring and conservation of forests through molecular biology and bioinformatic tools.

The course aims to illustrate the concept of forest restoration both with reference to the single forest and to the wider forest context also from a landscape point of view. After these premises, the most recent techniques for carrying out restoration works in various environmental and social conditions are illustrated.

a) training objectives
- comprehension of the morphology and etology of the insects as result of evolutionary processes.
- comprehension of the interactions among different organisms within an ecosystem.

b) expected training results
- Knowledge on the evolution of some morphological structures of the insects and of some aspects of their etology.
- knowledge on the principal relations among the different organisms within the ecosystems.
- Acquisition of a fundamental ecological culture for a correct management of the environment.

Knowledge and understanding
To present and promote knowledge of the characteristics of forest and environmental goods and services, whether they are material and/or immaterial, tangible and/or intangible. Acquire knowledge and understanding of the methodologies that allow the formulation of judgements of valuation according to a monetary metric, of the mentioned goods and service. Distinguish types of value judgements.

Applied knowledge and understanding.
Combine and apply the methodologies used to formulate value judgements for forest and environmental goods and services. Identify the most effective and efficient methodology for the type of goods and services being valued.

Making judgment
Acquire data and information, indicate documentary sources, build the database to facilitate interpretation and processing. Discuss the estimation process, highlight the results and their significance. Develop any comparative analysis. To make the assessment judgement independently, without external constraints.

Communication skills
Acquire the ability to argue the evaluation process, provide information and explanations. Ability to suggest solutions to problems.

Learning skill
Have acquired the necessary skills to perform the task of assessor. Ability to integrate the skills learned with new methodologies for processing and new forms of argumen

The course is structured to provide students with an in-depth knowledge of mechanization for forest restoration interventions, essential for selecting machinery, technologies, and work systems while considering functional, management, sizing, safety, time, and cost aspects of forestry operations and urban green space management. These educational objectives offer students an integrated and multidisciplinary preparation, combining technical and diagnostic skills necessary to operate effectively and sustainably in forest ecosystem restoration, urban green space management, and tree safety assessment.

In detail:

1. Knowledge and understanding: Students will acquire a solid understanding of the technologies and different types of machinery used in forest restoration interventions and urban green space management, including biomechanics and technologies for assessing tree stability. They will be able to comprehend the ecological, engineering, safety, and technical principles underlying mechanization in specific natural and urban contexts, as well as the methodologies for diagnosing and assessing tree stability.
2. Applied knowledge and understanding: Students will be capable of applying the knowledge acquired to design and implement mechanized interventions in forest restoration and urban green space management, including techniques for assessing and monitoring tree stability. They will be able to select appropriate equipment and technologies for specific interventions based on the context and operational needs, integrating tree stability assessment into urban green space management and restoration practices.
3. Autonomy in judgment: Students will develop the ability to critically evaluate mechanization techniques and technologies, and tree stability assessment, considering costs, benefits, operational efficiency, safety aspects, and environmental and social impact. They will be able to make informed decisions regarding the selection and use of machinery and diagnostic technologies, based on a comprehensive evaluation of ecological, safety, and forest and green space management needs.
4. Communication skills: Students will be able to effectively communicate their technical and operational choices related to forest mechanization, urban green space management, and tree stability assessment, adapting their language to different audiences, including technicians, administrators, and local communities. They will be capable of drafting technical reports, operational plans, and presentations that detail the strategies adopted and the results achieved.
5. Learning skills: Students will develop the ability to continuously update themselves on emerging technologies and methodologies in the field of forest mechanization, urban green space management, and tree stability assessment techniques. They will be able to self-assess their skills and knowledge, adapting to sector evolutions to continually improve their professionalism and contribute to innovation in restoration and management practices.

The course of “Forest Soil Microbiology” deals with the soil microbiology in forest by applicative point of view and with specific reference to the conservation and restoration of microbial biodiversity and functional ecosystem quality.

EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS
• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire knowledge and understanding about the microbial ecology and the main microbial taxa for the monitoring of soil biogeochemical cycles and for restoration of soil biodiversity in forest.
• Apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the skills to apply the theoretical knowledge of the topics discussed in the course with a critical meaning for role of microbiology for nitrogen fixation, microbiome sciences, SO priming and for humus formation.
• Making judgements: The student will be able to identify the strategy for planning soil monitoring and restoration and assess the risks for forest environment without being influenced by carriers of interest.
• Communication skills: The student will be able to communicate to third parties relevant information and specific problems for different environmental contexts.
• Learning skills: Additional objectives include improving learning abilities and communication skills, more specifically the ability to present topics related to the microbiology of interface plant-soils in forest environment using appropriate terminology.

The objectives of the course are transmission of the basics of applied geology and environmental. The course provides tools and techniques for understanding, analyzing and solving geological problems applied to soil and groundwater protection and management. Geotechnical soil and rock properties, hydrogeological properties, slope dynamics are examined in the geomorphological context of reference for sustainable management and for the prevention of geological and environmental hazards.

Expected learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the training activity, the student will acquire knowledge on geotechnical soil and rock properties, erosion processes and dynamics of the slopes, groundwater flow. The student will be able to distinguish the most common forms of erosion and landslides, and to analyze slope dynamics. The student will be able to understand the hydrogeological processes by linking them to the geological characteristics.

Applied knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the training activity, the student will have to demonstrate that he is able: to interpret the results of a geotechnical characterization of soils and rocks, to read and interpret landslide maps, to analyze hydrogeological data, to calculate flow rate of aquifers.

Making judgments:
Through the examples presented during the lessons and exercises, the student will acquire autonomy of judgment based on the acquired knowledge, analyzing different Italian geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological environments.

Communication skills:
The student will acquire an appropriate technical language both during the lessons and during the exercises so that they can interact with professionals and experts involved in environmental analysis, management and design. Communication skills will be verified during intermediate tests and/or final examination.

Learning skills:
The student must demonstrate his ability to investigate geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological areas which differ from those considered during the course. The student must be able to analyze geotechnical characteristics, slope dynamics and hydrogeological features of an area useful for safeguard and monitoring of the soil and groundwater resources.

"Modellistica Idrologica ed Idraulica"

a) Course objectives:
The fundamental objective of the course is to provide advanced methodological tools to understand the main processes related to the world of hydrological and hydraulic modeling, with particular attention to issues related to "bad" water (linked to the concept of hydrogeological risk).
b) Expected learning outcomes:
1) Knowledge and understanding. Know in detail and at an advanced level the structure of most systems related to hydrological and hydraulic modeling, both at the verification and project level.
2) Ability to apply knowledge and understanding. Learning of the advanced tools necessary for the analysis of the main processes related to hydrological and hydraulic modeling.
3) Autonomy of judgement. Know how to identify the key variables for the evaluation of most systems related to hydrological and hydraulic modeling, both at the verification and project level.
4) Communication skills. Ability to transfer at a level of knowledge what has been learned during the design and verification phase of the main systems related to hydrological and hydraulic modeling.
5) Learning ability. A condition for success in learning is the ability to know how to analyze in technical terms the main processes linked to hydrological and hydraulic modelling.

The course aims to provide the cognitive fundamentals of the concepts of soil quality and recovery, as well as an in-depth knowledge of the dynamics of nutrients in soil and the problems related to their availability to plants, with particular reference to the mechanisms of nutrient acquisition at the level of the soil-plant system (rhizosphere).
Knowledge and understanding of 1) the approaches available for the assessment of soil quality and fertility, 2) the effects that natural or anthropogenic disturbances have on soil and the nutrient cycle, and 3) the soil-plant relationships, with the aim of defining the basis for the development of strategies aimed at achieving greater nutrient efficiency, understood as better utilisation of available resources, in both good quality and degraded soils.
Ability to apply the knowledge acquired from theoretical lectures and practical laboratory activities to 1) identify the most suitable analytical methods for assessing and monitoring soil quality and health, 2) hypothesise changes in soil characteristics and nutrient cycles as a result of natural or anthropogenic disturbances, 3) hypothesise changes in nutrient availability as a result of natural or anthropogenic disturbances.
During the lectures and exercises, the student will acquire autonomy of judgement that will allow him/her to 1) judge the nutrient dynamics and quality of a soil from a forest and environmental point of view; 2) critically evaluate the quality of available technical/scientific information.
Ability to present acquired skills with appropriate language and the use of technical and specific terms and to retrieve information from online bibliography. Communication skills will be tested in the examination.
Acquisition of learning strategies: at the end of the course, the student will have developed the ability to autonomously learn new concepts, to describe situations different from those considered during the course, also combining different theories, in order to apply them both in a continuation of third-level studies (PhD) and in professional life.

Teached only in Italian

a) TRAINING OBJECTIVES
The course is aimed at those who want to acquire advanced knowledge to operate, at managerial, managerial and coordination level, in the field of forest operations, soil protection, forestry planning and biodiversity conservation. Essential knowledge of the bases of forest planning and management of the forest yards. The mastery of the legislative and technical-scientific instruments necessary for the design and operational management of forest yards.
b) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS
At the end of the course, students must be able to:
1) know the legislative and technical principles that govern forest activities and planning and be able to read and understand forest projects;
2) analyze an executive forestry project and understand the structure of the forestry yard;
3) to know how to operate independently in assessing the correct execution of works deriving from forest planning and execution of the relative forest yards;
4) acquire communication skills at a technical and scientific level, aimed at properly presenting their projects or assessments of tested works.
5) have the ability to know how to seek and learn scientific and technological innovations aimed at the forestry sector, making use of officially recognized national and international databases.

1)(knowledge and understanding) Understanding patterns and functions of the plant component of ecosystems and landscapes
2) (applying knowledge and understanding) Learning how to manage and monitor plant biodiversity in the landscape.
3) (making judgements); basic ability about how to evalaute the consrevation status of a plant community
4) (communication skills); not applicable
5) (learning skills) be able to read and understand technical papers and Natura2000 reports.

The course aims to provide the tools and methodologies for analysing the territory at the planning scale. the main training objectives are:
- Knowledge and comprehension skills: during the course, the student will acquire comprehension and problem-solving skills through analysis methodologies that simulate real contexts;
- Applied knowledge and comprehension skills will be developed by the student through teaching integrated with laboratory activities in classrooms equipped with dedicated GIS software;
- Autonomy of judgement in the "problem solving" phase in the risk contexts addressed during the course;
- Communication skills through the drafting of reports and projects to be presented during the examination;
- Ability to learn.

The course aims to provide the tools and methodologies for analysing the territory at the planning scale. the main training objectives are:
- Knowledge and comprehension skills: during the course, the student will acquire comprehension and problem-solving skills through analysis methodologies that simulate real contexts;
- Applied knowledge and comprehension skills will be developed by the student through teaching integrated with laboratory activities in classrooms equipped with dedicated GIS software;
- Autonomy of judgement in the "problem solving" phase in the risk contexts addressed during the course;
- Communication skills through the drafting of reports and projects to be presented during the examination;
- Ability to learn.

To consolidate and expand the knowledge and comprehension of forest tree species evolution and adaptation. To provide a benchmark framework of analytical procedures for monitoring and conservation of forests through molecular biology and bioinformatic tools.

The course aims to illustrate the concept of forest restoration both with reference to the single forest and to the wider forest context also from a landscape point of view. After these premises, the most recent techniques for carrying out restoration works in various environmental and social conditions are illustrated.

The course aims to provide the conceptual basis for the analysis and evaluation of territory and landscape and for the knowledge of the rules and tools for spatial planning; also intends to develop capacities to solve problems related to territorial analysis in GIS environment.