Degree Course: INGEGNERIA INDUSTRIALE (L-9) Syllabus for A.Y. 2018/2019  

NUMERIC SETS
Sets and logic: operations between sets, logical operations, properties of operations, De Morgan laws, predicates and propositions, syllogisms and tautologies. Natural numbers, relative integers, factorial of n, binomial coefficients and their properties, Newton's formula, combinatorial calculus. Induction principle. Rational numbers, real numbers and their properties. Highs and lows, upper and lower extremes.

ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
Radicals, powers, logarithms, rule properties, power and property functions, exponential functions and properties, logarithmic functions and properties, trigonometric functions and properties, hyperbolic functions and properties, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric properties and inequalities. Composite and inverse functions, inverse trigonometric functions, inverse hyperbolic functions

LINEAR ALGEBRA
Vector spaces on R ^ n. Canonical vectors, dependence with linear independence. Bases and size. Scalere product and vector product. Matrices: transposed, symmetric matrix, sum and matrix difference, product for a scalar, produced rows by columns and its properties. Determinant: calculation through the Laplace formula and its properties. Characteristic of a matrix. Calculation of the inverse matrix. Linear systems: resolution of n * n systems with Cramer's rule. Homogeneous systems. Matrix representation of linear transformations. Image and core of a transformation. General rectangular systems. Rouché-Capelli theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors (outline).

GEOMETRY
Parametric and Cartesian and vector equations of lines and planes. Normal color. Scalar product, vector product, mixed product. Transformation of the coordinate system by translation and rotation. Transformation from Cartesian to polar coordinates. Conics, classification of conics. Degenerate conics.

COMPLEX NUMBERS
Representation of a complex number in algebraic, geometric and trigonometric form; opposite, reciprocal, conjugate, and module of a complex number; property; operations between complex numbers; De Moivre's formula; exponential representation and Euler formulas; n-th roots and their graphic interpretation; algebraic equations in C.

SUCCESSION
Convergence and divergence, comparison theorems, operations with limits, indeterminate forms, monotony, Neperian number and remarkable limits.

SERIES
Succession of partial sums, series with positive terms, harmonic and geometric series, necessary condition of convergence, criterion of comparison, of relationship, of root, of asymptotic comparison. Telescopic series. Series with alternate sign, absolute convergence, Leibniz criterion.

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY FOR FUNCTIONS OF A REAL VARIABLE
Concept of function, domain, subject, codomain, operations between functions, composition, equality and disparity. Compound functions. Limits and properties. Notable limits. Asymptotic estimates. Continuity and theorems on continuous functions Monotony, maxima and minima. Asymptotes. Graphs of elementary functions.

DERIVATIVES
Incremental ratio, Geometric interpretation of the derivative. Derivative of elementary functions. Rules of derivation. Angular points, cusps, bent to vertical tangent. Derivative of the composite function. Derivative of the inverse function. Limit of derivative and derivability. Rolle's theorem, Cauchy. Lagrange or average value theorem.
Applications of derivatives: critical and inflection points, monotony, concavity and convexity. The theorem of de l'Hopital. Study of the graph of a function.
The concept of differential. Differential and linear approximation. The "or small" symbol. Applications to the calculation of limits. Taylor-MacLaurin formula with Peano remainder and with Lagrange remainder. Taylor-MacLaurin series development of functions. Approximate solution of an equation with the Newton method. Approximate solution of an equation with the secant method (outline).

INTEGRAL
Integral as a limit of sums. Definition of integral. Classes of integrable functions. Integral properties. Integral average theorem, fundamental theorem of integral calculus, primitives and calculation of indefinite and definite integrals. Immediate integrals for decomposition, for replacement. Integration of rational functions. Integration by parts. Integration of trigonometric functions. Integration of irrational functions. Generalized integrals (outline). Differential equations with separable variables. Initial conditions.

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Introduction
Aggregation states of matter. Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Compounds and chemical elements. Separation techniques (filtration, centrifugation, distillation). Physical and chemical changes. Energy and chemical changes. Intensive and extensive properties of matter. Atomic structure: protons, electrons and neutrons. Atomic number and mass number: isotopes. Atomic mass and relative atomic mass. Symbols of chemical elements. Molecular compounds and ionic compounds. Relative molecular mass. Mole and Avogadro’s number.

Atomic structure
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. Atomic spectra. De Broglie and the wave nature of matter The Heisenberg indeterminacy principle. Particle-wave duality. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. The Pauli exclusion principle. Electron configuration of the elements: aufbau principle. The periodic system of the elements. Periodic properties.

Chemical Bond
Ionic and covalent bond. Bond properties: order, energy and length. Electronegativity and dipole moment of molecules. Lewis structures. The VSEPR model and the shape of molecules. Theories of chemical bonding: hybridization of atomic orbitals, resonance theory in chemistry. Magnetic properties of molecules. Intermolecular forces. Hydrogen bonding.

Chemical Formulas
Nomenclature of inorganic compounds. Oxidation number. Oxidation-reduction reactions.

The gaseous state
The ideal gas law. Dalton’s law and mixtures of gases. The density of gases. Relative density of gas and mixture of gases. The average molecular mass of a mixture of gases. Real gases; the Van der Waals equation of real gases. Boyle’s temperature. The critical state of gases.

The solid state
Crystal lattices and unit cells. Molecular, ionic and covalent solids. Metals. Allotropy and polymorphism. Molecular orbital theory. The band theory of solids: metals, semiconductors and insulators. Doped semiconductors: n and p-type semiconductors.

The liquid state
Surface tension of liquids. Viscosity. Vapor pressure. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals: properties and technological applications.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic system. State functions. Cyclic and non-cyclic processes. Reversible and irreversible processes. Heat, work and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy and Hess’s law. Entropy. The second law of thermodynamics. Spontaneous processes. Free energy. The third law of thermodynamics.

Physical equilibria
Phase transitions: Clapeyron and Claussius-Clapeyron equations. Phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide.

Solutions
Units of concentration. Solubility and dissolution processes. Solutions of gases in liquids. Entalpy of solution and the effect of the temperature on solubility. Ideal and real solutions. Roult’s law. Colligative properties of ideal solutions. Colligative properties and molar mass determination. Miscible, immiscible and partially miscible liquids.

Chemical Equilibrium
Spontaneous processes and thermodynamic equilibrium in chemical reactions. Law of mass action. The equilibrium constant. van't Hoff equations: isotherm and isochore equation. Equilibri omogenei. Le Chathelier’s principle. Effect of the addition or removal of a reagent or product. Effect of volume, pressure and temperature changes on the homogeneous equilibria. Heterogeneous equilibria.

Electrolytic solutions
Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Ions and molecules in aqueous solutions: strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes. Colligative properties of solutions containing ions: van't Hoff factor.

Chimical equilibria in solutions
Acid-base equilibria. Classifications of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Broensted-Lowry, Lewis). Acid and base strength: the ionization constant. Molecular structure and acid strength. Autoionization of water. The pH scale. Calculation of pH of a strong/weak acid/base solutions. Acid-base properties of salt solutions. Buffer solutions. Solubility of salts and the solubility product constant.

Chemical Kinetics
Rates of chemical reactions. Rate laws and integrated rate laws. Order of chemical reactions The Arrhenius equation and the temperature dependence of reaction rate. Activation energy. Collision theory and transition state theory of chemical reactions. Reaction mechanisms, molecularity of a chemical reaction. Catalysis.

Electrochemistry
Semielement potential and the Nernst equation. Standard reduction potentials. Electrochemical cells: chemical cells and concentration cells. Electrolysis: Faraday’s laws. Application: storage battery and corrosion.

Stoichiometry: Mole. Empirical and molecular formulas. Chemical equations and mass relationships in chemical reactions. Limiting reactant. Gas law and chemical reactions. Quantitative analysis of a mixture. Solutions and volumetric analysis. Gas-phase equilibium; homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Thermochemistry and thermodynamics of chemical reactions. Colligative properties of solutions. Calculation of pH of aqueous solutions: strong/weak acid and base solutions, salt solutions and buffer solutions.

1) M. Casarin, L. Casella, R. D'Agostino, A. Filippi, F. Grandinetti, R. Purrello, N. Re, M. Speranza, "Chimica Generale e Inorganica", Edi Ermes
2) P. Silvestroni "Fondamenti di Chimica", Ed. CEA-Zanichelli
3) P. Atkins, L. Jones "Principi di Chimica", Ed. Zanichelli

PROGRAM of the COURSE
1.Measurement and Vectors
2.Motion in One Dimension; Motion in two and three Dimensions
3.Newton’s Laws and their applications
4.Work and Kinetic Energy
5.The Conservation of Energy
6.Conservation of Linear Momentum
7.Rotation
8.Angular Momentum
9.Gravity
10.Static Equilibrium and Elasticity
11. Fluids
12.Oscillations; Traveling Waves;Superposition and Standing Waves
13.Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases
14.Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics
15.The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Detailed Program of the course:
Measurement units. International System. Conversions between units of measure. Laws of motion in one dimension: position, average speed, instantaneous speed. Average and instantaneous acceleration. Uniformly accelerated motion. Vectors and their properties.
Components of a vector. Versors. Motion in two dimensions: vector position, displacement, average speed. Instantaneous speed, average acceleration, instant acceleration. Circular motion kinematics: centripetal and tangential acceleration. Examples. Relative speed.

First law of dynamics, inertial reference systems. Principle of dynamics. Third Principle of Dynamics. Gravitational force. Inertial mass and gravitational mass. Normal reaction. Elastic force. Motion in fluid: resistance and limit speed. Dynamics of circular motion: centripetal force.


Work. Scalar product between two vectors. Kinetic energy theorem. Work of elastic force. Power. Conservative forces. Potential energy: gravitational and elastic potential energy. Non-conservative forces. Principle of mechanical energy conservation. Work of friction force and thermal energy.

Material Point Systems: Mass Center Definition. Determination of mass center for discrete and continuous systems. Linear momentum of a material point and a system of material points. The first cardinal equation of dynamics. Law of momentum conservation. Kinetic energy of a material point system: Konig theorem.

Impulse and impulse theorem. Elastic and inelastic collisions and examples. Rotation. Kinetic energy of a rotating body. Moment of inertia for discrete system of material points and continuous systems. Huygens-Steiner Theorem. Newton's second law for rotations. Moment of force. Examples and applications. Second cardinal equation of dynamics. Conservation of the angular momentum.

Oscillations. Period, frequency. Simple harmonic oscillator: general solution, period of harmonic oscillator simple. Examples. Simple harmonic motion and circular motion. Energy in simple harmonic motion. Examples of oscillating systems. Energy in the harmonic oscillator. Merit Factor. Examples. Forced oscillator and resonance.
Young module.
Fluids: density, surface volume forces, pressure. Stevino's Law. Pascal's principle, hydraulic jack. The Torricelli barometer for the measurement of atmospheric pressure. The pressure gauge. Archimedes Principle. Fluid dynamics: mass flow, volume flow, continuity equation. Bernoulli's theorem. Particular cases of Bernoulli's Theorem. Fluids: viscosity, Poiseuille law. Rolling and turbulent motion: Reynolds number. Surface tension, adhesion coefficient, concave and convex meniscus, contact angle.

Elastic waves. Transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Wave Equation. Speed of propagation of a wave. Propagation speed of a sound wave. Periodic waves. Wavelength, frequency, period, wave number, pulsation. Energy carried by a wave. Longitudinal sound waves. Energy of a sound wave. Waves in three dimensions: wavefront and spherical waves. Intensity. Waves and obstacles: Reflection, transmission and refraction. Interference. Doppler effect. Stationary waves.
Thermal equilibrium and temperature: zero principle of thermodynamics. Centigrade thermometer, gas thermometers and absolute temperature. The perfect gas state equation. Kinetic gas theory: gas pressure, microscopic temperature interpretation, energy equalization theorem.

Thermal capacity and specific heat. Status changes and latent heat. First principle of thermodynamics. Internal energy of a perfect gas. Thermodynamic transformations. Quasi-static and balance state transformations. Work and PV diagram for a gas: PV diagrams. Specific gases of perfect gases: specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure. Specific heat and energy equalization theorem.

Thermal machines and second thermodynamic principle: Kelvin statement, Clausius statement. Refrigerant machines according to the principle of thermodynamics. Equivalence of the two statements. Carnot Machine. Absolute temperature scale. Irreversibility, disorder and entropy. Entropy of a perfect gas. Entropy variations for some transformations. Entropy and second principle of thermodynamics. Consider the microscopic meaning of entropy.

Statistic and uncertain theory.
Casual and systematic errors. Experimental errors as measurement uncertainties. Uncertainty representation. Significant figures . Comparison between measured values and accepted values. Comparison between two measurements. Relative and absolute errors. Uncertainties in the direct measurements. Uncertainties in the product and ratio. Propagation error formula.
Mean and standard deviation. Histogram and limit distribution. Normal distribution. Interpretation of standard deviation in terms of confidence of 68. Justification of using the mean value as better value.
Linear correlation coefficient.

The following Physical Laboratory experiences (mandatory) exercises are also provided:
-measurement of the elastic constant of a spring;
-measurement of the oscillation period of a pendulum;
- measurement of the density of a body;
- measurement of the specific heat of a body.

P.A. Tipler, G. Mosca, “Corso di Fisica: Meccanica, Onde, Termodinamica”, ed Zanichelli.
J.R. Taylor, “Introduzione all'analisi degli errori. Lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche”, ed Zanichelli.

Group of theoretical topics:
- Classes of materials of technological interest and their characteristic properties (mechanical, thermal, electrical properties and relative measurements).
- Relationships between microstructure and properties (crystal defects, solid solutions).
- Call on heterogeneous equilibriums and state diagrams.
- Binding materials: lime and plaster; Natural and artificial hydraulic kicks; Silico-basal cement (Portland, blend: pozzolanic and high-furnace, special portland: ferric and white): production principles, grip and hardening mechanisms; Alluminous cement; Technical tests on cements.
- Concrete cementitious: inert; Mortars and Concretes: properties and tests on fresh concrete (machinability, bleeding). Reoplasticità. Concrete Additives. Lightweight concretes: porous and cellular. Fibrorinforated conglomerates, fly-ash conglomerates, silica fume, and impregnated polymer. Properties of hardened concrete: retraction, viscous flow (fluage), mechanical strength. Concrete mixing or mix-design. Game-thermal treatments of cement-based conglomerates. Degradation of cementitious conglomerates.
- Ceramic materials: ceramics for building (bricks, grés and porcelains).
- Plastics: polymerization and polymer structure (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, PMMA, polyester resins, phenolic, polyamide, epoxy, polyurethane, silicones, elastomers); property; processing; Applications in modern building. Mechanisms of degradation.
- Composite materials: classification. Matrices and reinforcements. Compatibilizers. Glass fibers. Carbon fibers. Aramid fibers. Production and ownership. Manufacturing processes. Metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix and polymer matrix. Sandwich structures. Plated metal structures. Notes on mechanical properties and reinforcing mechanisms. Wood: structure and properties.
Production, ownership and use in engineering.
- Metal materials. Ferrous alloys: cast iron, simple and bonded steels (from carpentry, stainless steel, tools). Iron-Carbon Status Chart. Steel thermal treatments (hardening, annealing, normalization).
- Corrosion phenomena in metals. Protective methods against corrosion.
-Materials for electronics. Electrical conductivity in metals. Intrinsic semiconductors. Extrinsic semiconductors. Doping. Devices
semiconductors. Microelectronics. Semiconductor compounds. Electrical properties of ceramic materials. Dielectric properties.
Ceramic capacitors for capacitors. Ceramic semiconductors. Ferroalloys ceramics. Piezoelectricity.
-Material Glasses: Glasses. Factors that affect the formation of a glass. Electronegativity and type of bond. Viscosity. Thermodynamics of glass forming. Glass transition temperature. Crystal crystallization and glass formation. Structures and classification of glazing. Metal windows. Glass-ceramic.

Course specific topics:
Introduction to the course. Introduction to the materials studied and the need to evaluate the properties. Properties of metallic, polymeric, ceramic materials in relation to structure and types of bonding. Composite materials. Ionic and covalent bond. Metallic bond. Secondary links. Material properties in light of the nature of the bonds. Metal structure. Spatial pattern and unit cells. Bravais crystalline systems and lattices. Cubic and hexagonal patterns. Atomic packing factors. Miller Indices. Comparison between CFC and EC pattern. Polymorphism and allotropy. X-ray diffraction. Amorphous materials. Solidification and imperfections. Homogeneous and heterogeneous solidification. Energies involved in homogeneous solidification. Crystal Growth. Grains. Solid substitutional and interstitial solutions. Point dials: holidays and interstitial atoms. The C in the Fe pattern: APF role and empty forms. Line defects: dislocations. Vector of Burgers. Motion of dislocations in plastic deformation. Dislocation motion: analogies. Plastic deformation and role of dislocations. Work hardening. Wheat borders. Gemini boards. Wheat size. Mechanical properties. Mechanical reaction of a stressed material: plastic deformation, elasticity and rupture. Static and dynamic forces. Mechanical resistance tests: traction test; Nominal stresses and deformations; Strain / deformation graph; Elastic, cutting and Poisson module; Ductility and its measures; Rupture and stripping effort. Real stress and strain. Examples of traction tests for different materials. Fracture Behavior. Ductile and fragile fracture. Toughness. Fracture in the presence of defects. Resilience test. Thick / delicate transition temperature. Hardness and hardness tests. Fatigue Behavior. Fatigue tests. Creep of metals and creep trials. Thermal properties: conductivity, thermal capacity, dilatation Linear and volume dilatation; Transition temperatures. Electrical conductivity: Ohm's law. Primary and Secondary Metallurgy. Production of iron and steel. Blast Furnace. Primary and secondary steel mills. Machining of metal materials. Strengthening mechanisms. Impact and temperature effect. Wheat size control. Strengthening for solid solution. Effect of alloy elements. Notes on moist and dry corrosion. Reduction Potentials. Liabilities. Corrosion Forms: Clothedness, Pitting, Tensor Corrosion and Selective Corrosion. Corrosion of iron in a humid environment. Pourbaix Diagrams. Noun on polarization curves. Methods of corrosion protection: painting; galvanizing; anodizing; cathodic protection. Designs and modifications to the environment to reduce corrosion. Status Diagrams: Balancing Microstructures. Binary Status Diagrams: Complete Miscibility in Liquid and Solid State. Determination of the number of phases, their composition and relative abundance. Cu / Ni status diagram. Full state miscibility state complete and partial solid state immiscibility state diagram. Eutectic and peremptical transformations. Examples of chart reading. Overview of ternary state diagrams. Introduction to the Fe / C state diagram. Balance chart. Fe / Fe3C state diagram. Great points. Perlite and rind. Critical Points. And, Ac and Ar. Simplified Diagram. Transformations during cooling for eutectoid, hypo- and hyper-eutectic steels. Steels and influence of alloy elements on eutectoid.
Cast irons. White and gray ghise. Malleable and special ghosts. Non-equilibrium structures. Thermal Treatments and Mechanical Properties. Martensite. TTT and CCT curves. Hardening, scrubbing, annealing and recrystallization. Classification of steels. Designation of steels according to UNI EN 10027 and AISI

Le metodologie didattiche adottate nel corso consisteranno in lezione frontali avvalendosi della proiezione di ppt.
Compatibilmente con la disponibilità delle aziende del settore, saranno organizzate visite presso stabilimenti di produzione ingegnerizzazione dei materiali.

1. Introduction, basic definitions;
2. Mass conservation principle;
3. First law of thermodynamics;
4. Second law of thermodynamics;
5. Gibbs equations, expansion work, mechanical energy equation, p-v and T-s diagrams, thermal irreversibility;
6. Thermodynamic states: p-T, p-v, T-s, h-s and p-h diagrams, ideal gas, incompressible liquid;
7. Ideal adiabatic transformation, polytropic transformation, superheated steam, biphasic liquid-aerial mixture;
8. Direct thermodynamic cycles: Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Joule, Rankine;
9. Reverse thermodynamic cycles: Carnot, Rankine;
10. Moist air: enthalpy, specific volume, specific and relative humidity, dew temperature, dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, adiabatic saturation temperature;
11. Moist air: psychrometric diagram, simple cooling and heating, adiabatic mixing, cooling and dehumidification, heating and humidification, adiabatic humidification.

Main:
A. Cesarano, P. Mazzei, Elementi di Termodinamica Applicata, Liguori
L. Bellia, P. Mazzei, F. Minichiello, Aria umida. Climatizzazione ed involucro edilizio. Teoria, applicazione e software, Liguori
Others:
Y. Cengel, Termodinamica e Trasmissione del Calore, McGraw-Hill
P. Brunello, Lezioni di Fisica Tecnica, EdiSES
P. Mazzei, R. Vanoli, Fondamenti di Termodinamica, Liguori
M.A. Cucumo, V. Marinelli, Termodinamica applicata, Pitagora
G. Moncada Lo Giudice, Termodinamica applicata, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

- Systems of applied forces and equilibrium conditions. Infinitesimal rigid displacement field. Theorem of virtual work for rigid bodies. Definition, static and kinematic aspects and multiplicity of constraints.
Structural mechanics: Elements of Rigid Structures Mechanics.
Introduction to plane structures and setting of the static problem.
Compatibility problem of structures.
Centers of relative and absolute displacement: definition, relation constraints-centers , theorems of alignment.
The fundamental relationship between lability, hyperstaticity, constrain multiplicity and the number of rigid bodies.
Theorems of displacements and forces for virtual rigid structures.
The characteristics of the stress in the structures and indefinite equations of equilibrium.
Elements of graphical static.
Static of trusses: definition and static analysis methods.
Structural mechanics: Elements of Mechanics deformable Structures.
Technical theory of the beam: the models of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko. Equations of the elastic line.
Inelastic effects and thermal distortions on the structures.
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures: the force method.
The theorem of virtual work for the analysis of deformable structures.
Geometry of areas.
Kinematics: kinematic structure of mechanisms.
Kinematic pairs and classification criteria.
Calculation of degrees of freedom in a mechanism.
The equations method of closure.
Analysis of the configurations.
Matrix method for the calculation of g.d.l.
Reminders of the main relationships between speed and acceleration in rigid motions.
The method of polar diagrams.

- Corradi Dell'Acqua - Meccanica delle strutture 1 - McGraw-Hill
- D'Acunto - Massarotti - Meccanica razionale per ingegneria - Maggioli Editore

Heat exchangers. Compression and expansion transformations.
Introduction and classification of fluid machinery. Energy source, demand, and production.
Gas turbine plants: Base plant and the Joule cycle. Efficiency and specific power of ideal and limit cycles. Real cycle. Power variation. Close cycle plants. Thermal regeneration. Inter-cooled compression and post-combustion. The gas turbines for the aircraft propulsion.
Steam plants: Base plant and the Hirn cycle. Steam generators and heat exchangers. Effects of the condenser and steam generator parameters. Multiple re-heating. The thermal regeneration. Combined plants: combining different machines within the same plant, steam-gas combined plants.
Mechanical refrigerators: inverse Rankine cycle, base plant, working principle, refrigerant fluids, the domestic refrigerator, heat pumps.
Absorption refrigerators: base plant, working principle, P-T-x diagrams, absorption heat pumps.
Incompressible flow turbines: Classification, similitude parameters, and application fields. Pelton turbine, Francis turbine, Kaplan Turbine. Power regulation. Cavitation
Compressible flow turbines: Classification, similitude parameters, and application fields. Zero reaction stage. Reaction Stage. Variable Reaction stage. Multi stage turbines. Power regulation. Sealing in multi-stage turbines

References to the main properties of the materials with a technological interest. The mechanical and technological tests according to the workability of metallic materials.
Surface technology: dimensional and surficial metrology, tribology.
Manufacturing processes by merger. Ingot: life, defects, typical structure. Continuous casting. Transient form casting. Solidification and final structure of the metallic alloys. The thermal size reduction. Directional solidification. Sizing of power systems. Range action of sprues. Coolers. Recovery and residual thermal stresses. Process tolerances. Allowances. Fillet radii. Techno-economic aspects of foundry processes.
Machining by chip removal. Chip forming. Classification of chip removal machining. Turning: the structure of the machines, types of work, equipment, cutting cross-section, forces and powers cutting, roughness. Drilling: the structure of the machines, types of tools, real rake angles.
Processing by plastic deformation. Plastic behavior of metals. Criteria of plasticity. Permanent deformations. Deformation work. Forging and stamping: general notes, forces, work, machines. Lamination: general notes, computing elements on the lamination, length of rolling, conditions of entrance, rolling speed, section neutral, rolling forces, torque and power, lamination pressure, enlargement of flat-rolled, rolling of sections, the machines structure. Extrusion: general, extrusion dies, extrusion forces. Wire drawing: general; drawing forces, work, dies.
Welds. Autogenous and heterogeneous, oxyacetylene flame welding, arc welding, controlled atmosphere welding, resistance welding. Unconventional welding techniques. Defects and fracture of welded joints. Mechanical properties of welded joints.

Serope Kalpakjian, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, editore Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

The problem of De Saint Venant. Setting and solution. Simple stresses : normal stress, bending, biaxial bending, compression bending, torsion, shear. The criteria of resistance to brittle and ductile materials: the elastic limit.
Design methods. Pre-design of structural components. Static checks, deformability checks, fatigue checks. Stress: Calculation in one-dimensional elements. Tensile, bending and torsion stresses in one-dimensional elements. Coefficient of stress concentration Kt.
Materials: Mechanical characterization of materials. Fatigue: Fatigue resistance in absence of defects, trigger mechanisms and propagation.
Transmissions: Classification of gear transmissions.
Features of involute profiles. Modular proportioning. Calculation of thickness of the tooth. The interference and methods for its elimination.
Function of a mechanical power transmission. Principle relations: transmission ratio, power, torque, efficiency, etc.
General information on the design of the gears. Involute teeth correction. Loads on shaft from Cylindrical spur gears and helical gears.
Strength calculation of gears: bending of the teeth. General information about the strength calculation of gears and load distribution on teeth pairs.

- Juvinall, Marshek - Fondamenti di costruzione di macchine - Editore: CittàStudi
- Giovannozzi, Costruzione di macchine, Patron

Detailed Program:
The course is subdivided into eight didactical units and experimental trials that are reported in the following:
1. Metrology (12 hours): Measurement procedures, Measurement unit systems, Sensors, Static and Dynamic characteristics of measurement systems, Influence quantities, design of experimental setup; Experience on first order instruments, Experience on second order instruments.
2. Calibration and statistics (12 hours): Gauss probability distribution, standard deviation, statistical inference tests, confidence, guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, type A and type B uncertainty, propagation of uncertainties and distributions; Experience on potentiometer calibration.
3. Operational amplifiers and Filters (10 hours): inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, ideal and real amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, bandwidth filter, Notch filter; Experience on operational amplifiers.
4. Electrical measurements (6 hours); Galvanometer, amperometer, clamp meter, voltmeter, Wheatstone Bridge, resistance measurements.
5. Thermal measurements (10 hours): Thermal measurement units, Platinum thermometer, thermistor, thermocouple, chemical thermometer, ultrasound thermometer, calibration; Experience on thermal measurements.
6. Strain, Force and Pressure measurements (10 hours); Strain gauge, load cell design, tension, bending and shear load cell, multi-component load cell, torquemeter, load cell calibration, manometer, vacuometer, pressure sensor calibration; Experience on load cells.
7. Dimensional, displacement, and velocity measurements (6 hours): ruler, caliper, micrometer, bore gauge, gauge block, CMM, potentiometer, LVDT, Encoder, laser scanner, speedometer.
8. Viscosity and flow measurements: viscometers, flow meters, Venturi meter, Pitot-tube, hot-wire anemometers.

E. O. DOEBELIN Measurement Systems: Application and Design , Mac Graw Hill

- Introduction to mechanical drawing
- Standardization and unification
- Representation methods
- Orthogonal projections
- Sections
- Dimensioning
- Rugosity, Dimensional and Geometrical Tolerancing
- Threads and threaded organs
- Joints
- Guides
- Mechanical transmissions

- Chirone E., Tornincasa S., 2014, “Disegno Tecnico Industriale”, Vol. 1 e 2, Edizioni il capitello

Introduction to Production Systems. Classification of production systems. Push, pull and mixed systems production policies. Industrial processes and plant engineering study. Technical-economic comparison between different processes / layouts. Sizing of Industrial Plants. Production capacity, crossing time and WIP. Performance composed of a production system and main causes of efficiency reduction (OEE). Sizing criteria of a production system.
Material handling and storage systems. General information on the treatment of materials. Classification and overview of internal handling systems: rollers, belts, hoists, trolleys, AGV, AEM. Classification and overview of material storage systems: stacked warehouses, traditional racking warehouses, automated warehouses. Selection criteria and design principles for material handling systems. Conveyor systems sizing principles: rollers, belts and hoists, trolleys and AGVs. Sizing principles for storage systems: warehouse served by forklifts, automatic warehouse served by stacker crane.
Generalization of service plants. General operating scheme of a service plant. General principles of production management. Analysis of the times of a line, balancing and study of the plant efficiency (OEE). Cycle time and pairing. Failure and setup availability: maintenance management policies and production planning.

A.Monte, ''Elementi di Impianti Industriali'', voll 1 e 2, Ed. Cortina, 1994
F.Turco, ''Principi generali di progettazione degli impianti industriali'', Ed. Città Studi, 1993
Appunti dalle lezioni.