Degree Course: BIOTECNOLOGIE (L-2) Syllabus for A.Y. 2018/2019

Percorso STANDARD

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14962 - MATEMATICA E PRINCIPI DI STATISTICA - SECONDI Luca	7	MAT/05	48	8	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
14965 - BIOLOGIA VEGETALE E PRINCIPI DI BIOTECNOLOGIE VEGETALI (objectives) This Course will contribute to the formation in the Biotechnology field of the student. The student will gain comptences to study plants and to think and develop applications useful to humans. At the end of the Course the student will have basic competences on plant cytology, plant anatomy and physiology, useful to think for possible new applications. - TIEZZI Antonio (syllabus) Program Articulation and contents of the course (study program): The course is divided into two parts: - Plant Biology (5 + 1 CFU) Plant organisms The notion of plant organism. Biodiversity. Plants and man: ecological, economic and social aspects The plant cell The cell wall: biosynthesis, structure, chemical composition and function. The cytoplasmic membrane: structure, chemical composition and function. The nucleus and the nucleolus. Mitochondria, microcorps, dictiosomes. The plastids. Chloroplast: structural and functional aspects. Photosynthesis. Physiological aspects of the photosynthesis process. The cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments, associated structural proteins and molecular motors. Peculiar aspects of the cell division process: the pre-phasic band, the mitotic spindle, the fragmoplast. Plants: structure and function Vegetable fabrics. Primary and secondary meristematic tissues. Fundamental, supportive, integumental, absorption, secretory and conductive tissues. The root: functions of the root, primary and secondary structure, lateral and adventitious roots; absorption of water and minerals. The transport of raw sap. The stem: functions of the stem, primary structure in monocotyledons and dicotyledons; vascular crib change, secondary structure; cork, phellogen and phelloderma. The leaf: form, structure and function; epidermis, mesophyll, conductive bundles; the stoma: anatomy and stomatal mechanism. The transport of the processed sap. The flower: the gynaeceum and the androceum. The pollination. The fruit: development of the embryo; endosperm; fruit development. The seed: structural aspects; dissemination. Elements of classification of plants. - Introduction to Plant Biotechnology (3CFU) What are Biotechnologies. The old biotechnologies for food production, the hydroponic crops, plant cell cultures. The Green Revolution of the 50s-70s of the last century. Current applications of Plant Biotechnology: Plant Biotechnology for qualitative improvement of food Hydroponic crops Plants processed for environmental purposes Plants processed for the production of molecules Vaccine plants The plantibodies Plants for the production of BioMasse Plants for the production of Biofuels and Bioplastics Elements of bioactive molecules of vegetable origin for the production of drugs. Considerations: Plant Biotechnology and their impact on society. (reference books) Referral texts for Plant Biology: - Pasqua G., Abbate G., Forni C., Botanica Generale e Diversità Vegetale, Piccin Editore, Padova. - Mauseth J.D.,, II° edizione italiana, Botanica (parte generale), Idelson Gnocchi Editori, Napoli. - Rost T.L., Barbour M.G., Stocking C.R., Murphy T.M., I° edizione italiana, Biologia delle piante, Zanichelli Editore, Bologna. Referral texts for Introduction to Plant Biotecnology: - Tiezzi A., Biotecnologie Vegetali, il futuro che viene da lontano. Argomenti per una riflessione”. Casa Editrice Aracne, Roma, 2011. - Tiezzi A. Dispensa "La Scienza ci dice....", 2017. The teacher makes available all the slides shown during the course.	9	BIO/01	64	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
16173 - Biologia animale - FOCHETTI Romolo	8	BIO/05	64	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
14963 - CHIMICA GENERALE E INORGANICA (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide the basic principles for the study of the atomic structure of matter, the conditions of formation of chemical bonds, reactivity, chemical equilibrium and properties of the main elements. Knowledge of these concepts is fundamental to undertake the study of the chemical materials characterizing the degree course. At the end of the course the student will have to show: A) to know the fundamental principles of General and Inorganic Chemistry: the structure of the atom, the properties of the elements and their ability to form compounds, molecular structures, chemical reactions, exchanges of energy, the states of the matter, the chemical kinetics, the equilibria in solution, the acid-base properties, the electrochemistry, the chemistry of the elements of the main groups B) have acquired application skills with reference to the balancing of reactions, stoichiometric calculations and solving acid-base problems, solubility product and electrochemistry C) being able to independently evaluate and resolve problems concerning course contents D) have developed a good oral and written exposition capacity of the acquired concepts E) be able to deepen the topics in different contexts and independently. - GRANDINETTI Felice (syllabus) Introductory concepts. States of aggregation of the matter. Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Chemical substances and elements. Atomic theory of matter. Atomic properties: mass and dimensions. Scale of atomic weights. Avogadro's number, concept of mole. Chemical symbols and their quantitative meaning. Structure of the atom: Bohr model. Uncertainty principle. Wave nature of the electron. Schrodinger equation. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. Electronic configuration of the elements. Aufbau rules. The periodic system of the elements. Periodic properties. The chemical bond: ionic, covalent and coordination bond. Properties of the link: order, distance and energy. Electronegativity and dipole moment. Chemical bond theory: hybrid orbitals, resonance and mesomery. Magnetic properties of molecules. Intermolecular bonds. Hydrogen bond. Chemical formulas. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds. Oxidation number. Structure of molecules and typical ions. The gaseous state: Gas laws. Equation of state for ideal gases. Real gases (outline). The solid state: crystal structures and their symmetries. Molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids. Chemical thermodynamics: Heat and work. First law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy and Hess's law. Entropy. Second law of thermodynamics. Free energy. Third principle of thermodynamics. Chemical equilibrium: criteria of spontaneity and balance in chemical reactions. Law of mass action and its derivation. Isoterma and isocora of van't Hoff. Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Solutions: Concentration and its units of measurement. Colligative properties of ideal solutions. Acid-base equilibria: General definitions. Strength of acids and bases. Structure and acid-base properties. Autoionization of water. The pH. Calculation of the pH of solutions of acids, bases and salts. Buffer solutions. Acid-base titrations and titration curves. Solubility equilibria: Solubility and factors that influence it. Solubility product. Common ion effect. Chemical kinetics: reaction rate. Arrhenius equation. Activation energy. Catalysis. Elements of inorganic chemistry: Inorganic compounds of biological and environmental interest: oxygen and ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, fluorine and chlorine compounds. The course includes the performance of stoichiometric calculations related to the theoretical topics listed above. (reference books) 1) M. Casarin, L. Casella, R. d'Agostino, A. Filippi, F. Grandinetti, R. Purrello, N. Re, M. Speranza, General and Inorganic Chemistry, Edi-Ermes, Milan. 2) F. Cacace, M. Schiavello, Stoichiometry, Bulzoni 3) Lecture notes from the material used during the lessons 4) Collection of exam exercises	8	CHIM/03	56	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
15038 - IDONEITA' LINGUA INGLESE - TRUSSO Loredana	6	L-LIN/12	32	16	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA
15613 - DIRITTO EUROPEO DELLE BIOTECNOLOGIE - RAGIONIERI Maria Pia	6	IUS/14	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18424 - Fisica (objectives) corso introduttivo di fisica generale - BIZZARRI Anna Rita	7	FIS/07	48	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
15790 - Tirocinio	8		-	-	-	-	Other activities		ITA

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
13719 - CHIMICA ORGANICA - BOTTA Lorenzo (syllabus) Module A THE STRUCTURE Alkanes and cycloalkanes. Introduction. Structure. Sp3 hybridization. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Structure isomerism. Conformational analysis (ethane, cyclohexane). Cycloalkanes stability (angular tension, torsional tension, steric tension). Cyclohexane derivatives (stereoisomeria cis-trans). Bicyclic and polycyclic alcans. Natural role and applications of alkanes. Alkenes. Introduction. Structure. Sp2 hybridization. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Stability (heat of hydrogenation, heat of combustion). Nomenclature system (E) - (Z) for alkenes. Cycloalkenes. Biological function. Alkynes. Introduction. Structure. Hybridization sp. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Functional groups and classes of organic compounds. Alkyl halides. Alcohols. Ethers. Amines. Aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids. Esters and amides. Introduction. Structure. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Stereochemistry. Introduction. Carbon chirality. Enantiomers and chiral molecules. Graphic representation. Nomenclature (R) (S). Optical activity (specific rotatory activity, definition of racemate, optical purity). Diastereoisomers (meso compounds). Chiral molecules without chiral carbons. Aromatic compounds. Introduction. Benzene. Structure and stability. Huckel's rule. Other aromatic compounds. Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Induction and resonance phenomena. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Aromatic compounds in biochemistry. Carbohydrates. Classification. Monosaccharides. Mutarotation and formation of glucosides. Configuration D or L. Disaccharides. Polysaccharides. Protein. Amino acid structure. Nomenclature. Peptide bond. Oligopeptides. Nucleic acids. Purine and pyrimidine nucleic bases. Nucleoside. Nucleotides. Oligonucleotides. Lipids. Module B. THE REACTIVITY Reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Methane chlorination. Free radicals. Stability and structure. Thermodynamics and kinetics. Halogenation of higher alkanes. Ionic substitution and elimination reactions. Carbocation formation. Stability and structure. Nucleophilic substitution reactions. SN2 reaction. SN1 reaction. Stereochemical mechanisms and patterns. Effects of the solvent and the leaving group. Elimination reactions. Reaction E1. Reaction E2. Competition between substitution and elimination. Substitution and elimination reactions of biological interest. Reactions of the double bond C = C. Addition reaction. Addition of halogenidric acids. Markovnikov rule. Regioselective reactions. Water addition. Oxymercuration-demercuration. Hydroboration. Addition of halogens. Epoxides. Oxidation of alkenes. Addition of radicals. Reactions of aromatic compounds. Electrophilic aromatic substitution. Mechanism. Halogenation of benzene. Nitration. Sulphonation. Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation. Effect of the substituents. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. (reference books) Chimica Organica Essenziale, Bruno Botta, EdiTes	7	CHIM/06	48	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
15607 - Microbiologia e principi di microbiologia industriale (objectives) A) OBJECTIVES To provide students with basic knowledge of the world of microorganisms (prokaryotes, in particular) such as structure and function (cytology and physiology) and genetics of the procariate cell, development and consequent growth of populations. In addition, the student will have to gain a general view of the impact of microorganisms in nature (biogeochemical cycles, for example) and their potential applications at industrial and environmental level. There will also be some basic knowledge of virology. It is also the purpose of the course to make students feel confident with some basic techniques of the Microbiology Lab. B) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS 1) Knowledge and understanding Teaching will help to gain knowledge and ability to understand and describe basic biological structures and processes in microbiology. It also aims to acquire theoretical and experimental knowledge of microbiology in terms of cellular, morphological, biochemical, physiological and genetic aspects. All this information will allow the student to understand basic elements of both microbiology and those interdisciplinary. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding The student will be able to translate practical theoretical knowledge and arguing issues in the field of general microbiology and above all industrial and environmental. Through lab activities, students will acquire the ability to apply theoretical knowledge on a practical basis by implementing basic techniques typical of the microbiology laboratory. 3) Making judgments The student will have the ability to interpret autonomously both basic and applied knowledge of microbiology. This ability will be captured, in particular, thanks to the frequency of practical activities and classroom and laboratory exercises. 4) Communication skills The student who attends the teaching will be able to present, critically, the knowledge related to the general and applied microbiology, with the help of appropriate audiovisual techniques. This ability will also be achieved through the extensive use of power point presentations in the classroom and the dialogue and exchange of views between the students and the teacher both during the front lessons and during the lab activities. 5) Learning skills Students will understand and acquire methods of investigation and work in the microbiological field. They will therefore be able to deepen their knowledge and skills independently. This skill will be developed through the active involvement of students through oral class discussions on specific subjects of teaching and laboratory activities - PETRUCCIOLI Maurizio	9	BIO/19	64	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
17532 - Genetica e principi di ingegneria genetica - GUALANDI Giampiero	9	BIO/18	64	8	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15142 - Esami a scelta	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
15608 - CHIMICA BIOLOGICA (9 CFU) - POERIO Elia	9	BIO/10	64	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
15611 - STRUMENTI BIOINFORMATICI PER LA GENOMICA (objectives) Knowledge of the bioinformatics tools most used for the study of the genome. Access to biological databases, knowledge of DNA sequencing techniques, use of codes for aligning and assembling DNA sequences, study of gene expression from the analysis of RNAseq data - Chillemi Giovanni	6	AGR/17	40	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16174 - Fisiologia - CERVIA Davide	6	BIO/09	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16175 - BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE - FICCA Anna Grazia	7	BIO/11	48	-	8	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

16177 - CHIMICA FISICA BIOLOGICA

- PORCELLI Fernando (syllabus) (reference books)

CHIM/02

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Gruppo A11 - Percorso STANDARD - (show)

16981 - Biotecnologia della postraccolta dei prodotti ortofrutticoli (objectives) The course is focusing on the main preservation, biotecnological processing and packaging techniques of the postharvest fruits and vegetables, as well as providing the basic knowledge to explain the relationship between manufacturing processes and foodstuff composition. At the end,the principal food packaging techniques will be discussed. - BOTONDI Rinaldo (syllabus) Storage of plant products: causes of nutritional decay. Aim of the various storage technologies. Ethylene: climateric and non-climateric fruits. Postharvest study of the metabolism of ethylene; ripening competency of fruits; signal perception and transduction. Ethylene inhibitors. Fruit quality standards. Biochemistry of some alterations of plant foods. Features of cold storage technologies. Postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables. Controlled and modified atmospheres. New technologies: ozone technology in industrial field of fresh fruit and vegetables. (reference books) Electronic handouts/materials provided by the teacher. Conservazione degli Ortofrutticoli Autori Anelli e Mencarelli Postharvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Products. Autore Stanley J. Kays. Exon Press, Athens, GA Power Point slides	6	AGR/15	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17720 - Principi di scienze omiche - TIMPERIO Annamaria	6	BIO/11	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

Optional group: Gruppo A12 - Percorso STANDARD - (show)

Second semester

Course

Credits

Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code

Contact Hours

Exercise Hours

Laboratory Hours

Personal Study Hours

Type of Activity

Optional materials and exam in a foreign language

Language

15054 - Patologia vegetale e principi di biotecnologie fitopatologiche

- VETTRAINO Anna maria

AGR/12

Core compulsory activities

ITA

16176 - Biologia cellulare e molecolare della cellula animale e Biotecnologie animali

- SCAPIGLIATI Giuseppe

- MICCOLI ANDREA (syllabus) (reference books)

BIO/05

Core compulsory activities

ITA

Optional group: Gruppo A11 - Percorso STANDARD - (show)

16179 - BIOETICA - HARFOUCHE Antoine	6	AGR/05	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17531 - Metodologie biochimiche - BUONOCORE Francesco (syllabus) Buffer systems. Ionization of amino acids and proteins as a function of pH. The principles of biochemical research. Error theory. Accuracy and precision. Spectrophotometry: laws and applications. Lambert-Beer law. Absorption spectrum of nuclei acids and proteins. Spectrophotometric determination of protein concentration. Centrifugation. Basic principles of sedimentation. Centrifuges and their use. Rotors. Separation methods in the preparative centrifugation. Differential centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation. Analytical ultracentrifugation. Strategies for isolation and purification of proteins. Cellular extraction methods. Dialysis and ultrafiltration. Fractional precipitation with salts, with organic solvents, to the isoelectric point, to heat. Chromatographic methods: adsorption and partition chromatography, ion exchange, molecular exclusion, affinity, hydrophobic interaction, HPLC, gas chromatography. Efficiency of chromatographic procedures and selection of a convenient method. Electrophoresis: theory and laws. Classification of electrophoretic methods. Free phase and zonal electrophoresis. Equipment for zonal electrophoresis gel. Gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE). Application of SDS-PAGE. Western blotting. Isoelectrofocusing: principles, equipment and methods. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis. Studies on the structure of proteins. Determination of amino acid composition, free cysteines, amino acid sequence and disulphide bridges. Mass spectrometry: principles. (reference books) WILSON, WALKER: Biochimica e biologia molecolare. Principi e tecniche.(Raffaello Cortina) De Marco, Cini: Principi di metodologia biochimica (Piccin) Bonaccorsi, Contestabile, Di Salvo: Metodologie biochimiche (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) The lecturer will add power point presentations.	6	BIO/10	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
17721 - Principi di patologia e biofarmaceutica - Ruggiero Paolo (syllabus) The course is focused on some infectious diseases and the related vaccines, describing the path from the pathogen to the vaccine. Some pathogens are included for which vaccines are already available on the market, and other main pathogens for which vaccines are in the research and development phase. Part of the course is dedicated to mention historical and general aspects of vaccination, and to issues of non-clinical and clinical studies. Another part of the course consists of series of lessons dedicated to the individual pathogens. In particular, the following pathogens are treated: Poliovirus, Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, meningococci. For each pathogen are treated historical aspects, relevance to the public health, elements of epidemiology, microbiology, pathology, vaccine research and development, efficacy of therapies and vaccines. During the course, even on the basis of possible suggestions from the Students, further pathogens or topics of particular scientific interest and relevant to the course can be identified, to whom specific lessons can be dedicated. The course is held in Italian language, but part of the didactic material, including PowerPoint presentations, is in English language. (reference books) The reference book is: Plotkin’s Vaccines, 7th edition, Elsevier 2017, available at the University Library.	6	BIO/13	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

16178 - Elaborato finale

Final examination and foreign language test

ITA