Syllabus - Università degli Studi della Tuscia

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
18360 - .	4		-	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test		ITA
18367 - Training stage	7		-	-	-	-	Other activities		ITA
16966 - Monitoring and defense of the mountain environment
16966-1 - Entomologia del sistema montano (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide students with the basis for understanding the great biodiversity and importance of insects, particularly in forest and mountain environments. Morphology, anatomy and physiology of insects as well as methods for the evaluation and control of harmful insect populations, according to current legislation, will be addressed. In addition, methods are provided for the identification of the main groups and the knowledge of insects that infested the plant species typical of the mountain and forest environment is deepened. The course pursues the following educational objectives: KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Development of knowledge of the basic principles of general and applied entomology; identification of the most important insects (order level) in agricultural and natural ecosystems in the mountain area and comprehension of the role these organisms play in ecosystems. Learning the main monitoring strategies of insects and how to apply them correctly. Knowledge of pest control strategies. Knowledge of the main forest insects in the Apennine Mountain environment. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Understanding of experimental approaches to entomology in mountain environments discussed in class and their applications to specific cases. MAKING JUDGMENTS Interpretation of entomological issues, in analogy with what was discussed in class. Application of the knowledge acquired in the course to manage the various phytosanitary issues and to preserve taxa of interest. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Use of the correct technical-scientific terminology in the description of the course topics. Synthesis skills and communicative effectiveness in the description of the course topics. LEARNING SKILLS Knowledge of the topics of the course and critical ability to understand the crucial aspects of a phytosanitary problem, how to deal with it, and how to carry out the necessary insights. - CONTARINI Mario (syllabus) General Part: Biodiversity and importance of insects. Morphology (exoskeleton, head, thorax, abdomen, endoskeleton. Anatomy (circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system, sense organs, etc.). Insect reproduction and development. Insect ecology. Social behaviour. Monitoring and control methods. Systematics and phylogeny. The main orders of insects and identification using dichotomous keys. Special Part: Main insects and mites of forest and agricultural interest in mountain areas (reference books) For the general entomology: E. Tremblay, 2003. Entomologia applicata. Vol. I, generalità e mezzi di controllo. Liguori Ed. Napoli. For the applied entomology: A. Pollini, 2002. Manuale di Entomologia Applicata. Edagricole, Bologna. P. Luciano, P.F. Roversi, 2001. Fillofagi delle querce in Italia. Industrie grafiche Poddighe, Sassari.	6	AGR/11	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16966-2 - Patologia forestale (objectives) The course aims to deal with the main plant pathogens (mainly fungi, but with examples concerning also bacteria, viruses and insects) of particular importance in forest and mountain environment. Consequently, the main purposes of the course are the understanding of the biology and the epidemiology of these disease agents, and the containment strategies to be adopted (preferably with low environmental impact). Then, the course aims to bring a knowledge of the main factors that trigger the spread of these pathogens (climate change, pathogen pollution and agricultural changes). Finally, the students are driven to the learning of how to recognize an pathogen and what are the possible measures and strategies to minimize the impact of these pathogens (including Legislative rules). The course pursues the following educational objectives: KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Development of knowledge of the basic principles of plant pathology, Understanding of the ways of occurrence and spread of diseases in plant populations. Recognition and interpretation of plant symptoms. Understanding the main biological aspects of the different categories of biotic causal agents. Learning the main strategies of disease diagnosis and how to apply them correctly. Knowledge of the most important plant diseases in the mountain area and their causative agents. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Understanding of experimental approaches to phytopathology in mountain environments discussed in class and their applications to specific problems MAKING JUDGMENTS Interpretation of phytopathological issues, in analogy with what was discussed in class. Application of the knowledge acquired in the course to manage the various phytosanitary issues. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Use of the correct technical-scientific terminology in the description of the course topics. Synthesis skills and communicative effectiveness in the description of the course topics. LEARNING SKILLS Knowledge of the topics of the course and critical ability to understand the crucial aspects of a phytosanitary problem, how to deal with it, and how to carry out the necessary insights. - MAZZAGLIA Angelo (syllabus) Introduction to plant and forest pathology, historical facts. Examples of diseases of significant economic and social impact. GENERAL SECTION Basic concepts • Meanings of illness, injury, lesion, healing in plant pathology. • abiotic (non-infectious) and biotic (infectious) diseases. • Complex diseases • Disease triangle • Classification of diseases Generalities on Causal Agents of Infectious Diseases • Viruses and Viroids, • Phytoplasmas • Bacteria • Oomycetes • True fungi • Parasite phanerogams Disease Stages • from pre-infection to evasion. • Inoculum Concept: Charge, Density and Potential Symptomatology • Difference between symptom and sign • Types of symptoms: chromatic alterations, necrosis, cankers, tumors, early fall of organs, alteration of shape and size, exudates, water state alterations • Critical analysis of symptoms Diagnostics • Critical approach to diagnosis: history, field observations, sample collection and retention. • Basic methods: in vivo and in vitro laboratory diagnostics, isolation of the pathogen, microscopic observation of structures. • Advanced methods: immunological and molecular techniques. • Koch’s postulates • Diagnosing wood decay: classical and instrumental analysis DISEASE-SPECIFIC SECTION • Abiotic damage from: variations and water imbalances; Variations and thermal imbalances; Exceptional events (hail, snow, lightning, fire, etc.); Nutritional deficits (or excesses); Illumination deficit; Phytotoxic Air Pollutants (IFA); Other pollutants. • Root rots by Oomycetes: ??chestnut ink disease and other rots by Phytophthora spp. • Root rots by true fungi: Root rot of hardwood and conifers by Armillaria spp .; “mal del rotondo” by Heterobasidion annosum s.l .; White root rot of deciduous trees by Rosellinia necatrix. • Tracheomycosis: Dutch Elm Disease by Ophiostoma ulmi and novo-ulmi; Verticillosis of the deciduous trees; Canker stain of plain by Ceratocystis platani; Blue stain of coniferous wood by Ophiostomatales. • Canker: Cypress canker by Seiridium cardinale; Larch canker by Lachnellula willkommii; Bark canker of chestnut by Cryphonectria parasitica; Charcoal canker of oak by Biscogniauxia mediterranea; Beech canker by Nectria ditissima; Bark canker by Nectria spp. • Coniferous coniferous diseases: Shoot blight and needle disease of pine by Thyriopsis halepensis; Needle cast by Lophodermium seditiosum and L. pinastri; Red bands needle blight of pine by Dothistroma pini; Needlecast of white fir by Lirula nervisequa; Needlecast of red fir by Lophodermium piceae; brown felt blight by Herpotrichia juniperi; Diplodia blight by Diplodia pinea; Other needle blight tree diseases of pines: Brunchorstia pinea, Phacidium infestans, Cyclaneusma pini; Other disease agents of needles of conifers: Acanthostigma parasiticum, Meria laricis, Brunchorstia laricina, Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, Rhadbocline pseudotsugae • Canopy diseases of broadleaves: oak anthracnose by Apiognomonia quercina; Beech anthracnose by Apiognomonia errabunda; Horse chestnut anthracnose by Guignardia aesculi; Plane anthracnose by Apiognomonia veneta; Other anthracnose causal agents: Discula destructiva, Elsinoe quercus-ilicis; Leaf curl and blisters by Taphrina spp. on wood species: T. populina, T. betulina, T. saccari, T. crataegi, T. tosquinetii, T. kruchii, T. ulmi, T. phagicola, T. wiesneri, T. alni; Powdery mildew of oak by Microsphaera alphtoides; Powdery mildew of plane by Microsphaera platani; Other Powdery mildews of wood species: Phyllactinia guttata, Uncinula salicis; Poplar leaf blight by Marssonina brunnea; WWalnut blight by Marssonina juglandis; Other leaf blight: Marssonina castagnei, M. betulae, M. coronaria, M. salicicola; Chestnut leaf spot by Mycosphaerella maculiformis; Maple tar spot by Rhytisma acerinum; Spring defoliation of poplar by Venturia populina and Venturia macularis; Anthracnose or "black spots" by Gloeosporium spp. • Rust: needle bladder rust of spruce by Chrysomyxa rhododendri; Spruce needle rust by Chrysomixa abietis; Two-Needle Pine Stem Rust by Cronartium flaccidum; White pine blister rust by Cronartium ribicola; fir broom rust by Melampsorella caryophyllacearum; Juniper and rosaceae (stem swelling) rust by Gymnosporangium sabinae, G. tremelloides, G. clavariiforme; Pine Twisting Rust by Melampsora pinitorqua; Poplar rusts from Melampsora allii-populina, M. larch-populina, M. larch-tremulae, M. pulcherrima, M. rostrupii. • Wood decays: Micro-environmental Conditioning (CM) theory; Modes of action of white, brown and soft wood decays; Compartmentalization theory (CODIT); diagnosis of wood decay; Main wood decay agents (Phellinus spp., Stereum spp .; Ganoderma spp .; Trametes spp., Pleurotus spp., Fomitiporia spp., Phaeolus spp., Fomitopsis spp .; Lenzites spp., Fistulina spp., Inonotus spp. • Diseases of forest nursery: Damping-off. • Diseases of forest populations (complex diseases): Forest decline; Oak decline; Beech decline, etc .; Role of the endophytism of weakness pathogens in complex diseases. (reference books) Suggested books: - Elementi di Patologia Forestale, Capretti P. e Ragazzi A., Patron Editore - Fondamenti di Patologia Vegetale, Matta A., Patron Editore	6	AGR/12	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16971 - Agriculture in mountain areas
16971-1 - Arboricoltura da frutto (objectives) At the end of the course the student will acquire knowledge and understanding of the concept of quality in fruit production and of the main factors infulencing the quality of fruit production during the seasonal production cycle. In relation to the main types of woody fruit crops, the aspects of developmental biology and physiology that are most responsible for determining fruit quality will be addressed, as well as aspects of the most appropriate cultivation techniques for the sustainable production of fruit quality in relation to environmental conditions and limitations and market needs. The student will acquire the ability to analyse the possible interactions between tree agroecosystems, environment and applied cultivation techniques (applying knowledge and understanding). The student will acquire the ability to make judgements, also through the critical consultation and comparison of various types of teaching materials. The student will acquire the ability to document and communicate the acquired knowledge with appropriate terminology (communication skills) and the ability to promote his/her own self-updating (learning skills). - Cristofori Valerio (syllabus) Description of the fruit nursery and plant certification. Organography in the different fruit species. Main aspects of pollination, fruit set and fertilisation in the different species. Parthenocarpy and apomixia of the fruits. Fruit development and ripening in the main species. Evaluation of fruit quality in different species; ripening indexes and methodologies. Vocationality of the environment to the cultivation of fruit species, sustainable production processes. Types, selection criteria and management of forms of farming and density of planting. Soil, canopy and harvest management techniques in relation to the soil and climate environment. Differences between Pomes and Stones and species for Nuts. Monographic treatment of the main fruit species: actinidia, pome fruit, stone fruit, nuts, olive, vine, minor fruit and small fruit. For each species, the following are considered: origin, distribution and prospects for crop development; botanical and biological characteristics (systematic classification, description of the plant and its organs, ontogenetic cycle and phenological phases, flower biology); climatic, soil, water and nutritional requirements; cultivar choice; propagation and rootstocks; breeding (objectives, means and results); cultivation techniques (orchard planting and management systems): density of planting, pruning, nutrition, irrigation, tillage); maturation, harvesting, conservation and use of the product; qualitative evaluation of the fruit. Case studies on the cultivation of tree species in a protected environment (nature reserves, parks, etc.) and in the foothills of the mountains are also dealt with, with the treatment of alternative, sustainable and environmentally friendly cultivation techniques for the management of the orchard. (reference books) Arboricoltura generale e speciale, Valli R., Edagricole Arboricoltura generale, Baldini E., CLEUB, Bologna Manuale dell'Ortofrutticoltura Italiana, S. Sansavini, P. Ranalli. Edagricole (testo consigliato)	6	AGR/03	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16971-2 - Alpicoltura (objectives) 1) Understanding of the basics of agronomy and crop science useful for upland crop system management 2) Comprehension of variety of factors affecting upland crop system management and ability to apply specific solutions 3) Capability to analyze upland farming systems with special attention to rotations and agronomic practices applied to crops for the protection of mountain environment 4) To be able to describe technical features of upland cropping systems as well as their peculiarities and critical aspects 5) To be able to face questions speaking with an appropriate technical language. - ROSSINI Francesco (syllabus) Agronomy: - Physical and chemical characteristics of soil; - Soil erosion; - Soil tillage; - Irrigation; - Fertilization; - weed control and rotations. Herbaceous crop in mountain areas: - Biophysiology and agronomic practices of cereals, potato, and forage crops; - Classification, assessment, management and improvement of natural forage resources; - Use of forage species. Cropping systems: Classification, structure, and mode of operation (reference books) Luigi Giardini, L`Agronomia per conservare il futuro (Pàtron, 2012); R. Baldoni, L. Giardini, Coltivazioni Erbacee – Vol. 3 Foraggere e tappeti erbosi. Ed. Patron, Bologna; Lesson notes; Specific scientific papers will be suggested during the course.	6	AGR/02	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16964 - Water and territory engineering
16964-2 - Costruzioni, rilievo e rappresentazione del territorio in ambiente montano (objectives) The course is aimed at providing the basic knowledge on the representation of the territory as well as some essential elements related to forest construction. The student must acquire the fundamental knowledge concerning the methods, tools and operations for the survey and observation of the territory and the principles and tools for its representation. The student should be able to use the most common and frequent IT tools for the representation of spatial data. Basic knowledge of forest construction is also provided. - Ripa Maria Nicolina (syllabus) Survey and representation of the territory Reference surfaces, angle, distance, altitude, gradient, slope. Survey operation Measurement of angles and distances. Planimetric survey methods: intersections, open and closed polygons. Detail survey. Altimetric survey methods: levelling. Graphic return of the relief: dimensioned plane, plane with level curves. GNSS system General information, operating principles, how to perform the survey through GNSS. Systems for Earth Observation Remote sensing principles, main Earth Observation missions, analysis of remote sensing images GIS and Territorial Information Systems References to the main cartographic projection systems. Practical applications of analysis and representation of the territory. Elements of Forest Construction References of static, static moments and inertia of sections, radius of inertia, resistance module. Hooke’s law, behavior of real bodies under load, design problems and structure verification. Study of beams, stress diagrams, calculation of verification and design of isostatic beams. (reference books) Teaching material available on the Moodle platform	8	AGR/10	64	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
118635 - Promozione e valorizzazione della montagna
- Ecoturismo e marketing della montagna (objectives) a) Educational objectives In line with the educational objectives of the degree course 'Mountain Sciences', the course aims to promote the enhancement of mountain territories through the learning and application of approaches related to territorial marketing, place branding, and sustainable tourism. b) Expected learning outcomes At the end of the course, students should be able to - know and discuss marketing principles, approaches, and best practices applied to local development; - acquire knowledge in the field of tourism and sustainable development; - apply a place branding process in mountain areas (Lab "Mountain Marketing"). - Buonincontri Piera	6	SECS-P/08	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Produzioni animali in aree montane (objectives) a) Educational aims: In line with the educational objectives of the degree course 'Mountain Sciences' teaching is to encourage the sustainably management of quality livestock products in mountain and Mediterranean environments. b) Expected results At the end students will be able to: - Know and discuss the parameters that define the overall quality of animal products; - Acquire knowledge in the field of farming systems in mountain area; - Enhance the traditional products. - Primi Riccardo (syllabus) Animal production in mountain areas: Total quality concept Legislation and general concepts The production and quality of products of animal origin Principles of animal husbandry The load of the pastures. Grazing techniques. Pasture management plan. Mountain milk and dairy products Meat The eggs Traceability Environmental impact of productions Exercises: Visit to mountain plants and farms (reference books) Study materials provided by the teacher	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
16964 - Water and territory engineering
16964-1 - Idrologia e sistemazioni idrauliche (objectives) The course deals with the main aspects concerning the management of hydrographic basins. In particular, the fundamental hydrological, hydraulic and erosive processes occurring at basin scale are analyzed. Upon completion of this course, learners should achieve the following objectives: 1) knowledge and ability to understand a field of study at a level that is characterized by the use of advanced textbooks and also includes knowledge of some cutting-edge topics in the field of mountain river basin management and bioengineering; 2) ability to apply their knowledge and understanding in a manner that demonstrates a professional approach to their work, as well as adequate skills to both devise and support arguments to solve problems in the field of mountain river basin management and bioengineering; 3) ability to collect and interpret hydrologic data; 4) ability to communicate information, ideas, problems, and solutions, on the issues addressed, to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors; 5) learning skills necessary to undertake further studies (Master Degree) with a high degree of autonomy. - APOLLONIO Ciro (syllabus) Part 1 Introduction to the course Historical notes on hydraulic-forestry arrangements Regulatory aspects Part 2 Notes on the physical properties of water Fundamental principles of hydraulics Part 3 Definition of River Basin Basin hydrology Soil erosion Flooding Part 4 Nature based solutions for hydraulic risk reduction (reference books) References: 1- lecturer's notes 2- pdf files of the presented Power Point 3- Ferro V. – La sistemazione dei bacini idrografici, Mc Graw Hill, II ed., 2006.	6	AGR/08	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
17682 - Principles of chemistry (objectives) Il percorso formativo prevede insegnamenti finalizzati all'approfondimento dei vari settori della chimica. L'obiettivo formativo è quello di fornire allo studente una buona conoscenza delle varie possibilità applicative della chimica intesa come scienza che studia le proprietà dei materiali sia naturali sia artificiali. Una preparazione, inoltre, che consenta di interpretare correttamente il complesso linguaggio della chimica. Le nozioni di base acquisite durante le prime fasi del corso serviranno poi ad articolare un ulteriore percorso formativo orientato verso le tematiche ambientali, del territorio e alle tecnologie chimiche sostenibili. - Pietrelli Loris	8	CHIM/06	64	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18125 - Mathematic (objectives) Knowledge of the contents of Mathematics aimed at understanding the other applicative subjects foreseen in the course of studies. - Chiaretti Mauro (syllabus) Integer, Rational and Real Numbers. Equalities and Inequalities. Proportions and Percentages. Powers and Roots with Integer or Rational Exponent. Logarithms and Exponentials. The Cartesian Plane. The Straight Line in the Cartesian Plane. Goniometry: Goniometric Functions and their Properties. Trigonometry: Right Triangles, Triangles: Sine Theorem and Carnot's Theorem. Algebraic, Irrational, Goniometric, Logarithmic, Exponential Equations and Inequalities. The Absolute Value. Functions: Definitions and Properties. Functions of a Real Variable. The Elementary Functions. Limits. Properties of Limits. Calculation of Limits. Continuous Functions. Derivatives. The Derivative of a Function. Operations with Derivatives: Derivation of Sum, Product, Quotient of Functions. Derivative of a Composition. Derivative of the Inverse Function. Derivation rules. Theorems of Rolle, Cauchy and Lagrange. De l'Hôpital's theorem. Graph of a function. Maximum, Minimum and Horizontal Inflections. Growth and Decrease. Concavity and Convexity. Inflection Points. Asymptotes. Integrals. The Definite Integral. Properties of the Integral and the Average Value. The Fundamental Theorem. Indefinite Integral. Elementary Integrals. Integration by Parts. Integration by Substitution. Integration of Rational Functions. Elements of linear algebra. Vectors: Sum, Difference, Scalar Multiplication, Scalar Product and Vector (Cross) Product. Matrices. Matrix Operations: Sum and Difference, Scalar Multiplication, Matrix Multiplication. Linear Systems. Determinants. Cramer's Theorem. System with parameters. Matrix Rank. Rouché-Capelli’s Theorem. (reference books) D’Ancona, Piero; Manetti, Marco: Istituzioni di Matematiche	6	MAT/05	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18127 - General Biology (objectives) Acquisition of the basis for understanding the living world, knowledge of cell types, and fundamental processes taking place at the cell level (transcription, translation, energy metabolism, etc.). Attendance at lectures and participation in laboratory exercises will allow the student to acquire basic knowledge of General Biology. Specifically, the student will be able to: • Know the current theories regarding the origin of life. Know the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • Know the main evolutionary theories that can explain the evolution of living beings. • Know the structure of nucleic acids and DNA replication. • Know the main processes related to the transmission of characters • Know the main processes related to energy metabolism in autotrophs and heterotrophs. - MATTEI Vincenzo (syllabus) THE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Weak bonds and their role for the stability of biological macromolecules. Water: chemical characteristics and biological importance The biological molecules: monosaccharides - reserve and structural carbohydrates lipids nucleotides - notes on the structure of nucleic acids amino acids - proteins: structural organization and function STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND DNA REPLICATION hints on DNA replication and repair. From DNA to proteins: DNA transcription and translation mechanisms. EVOLUTION OF THE CELL Levels of organization and characteristics of living organisms. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Hypothesis on the origins of life. Characteristics of animal, plant, bacterial and virus cells. THE PLASMATIC MEMBRANE The plasma membrane (properties and functions). The membrane potential. Electrochemical gradient. Osmosis. Transport of substances across membranes: Diffusion, passive and active transport. Sodium - potassium pump. Endocytosis and exocytosis. FINE STRUCTURE OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL Membranous systems (endoplasmic reticles and ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes) mitochondria (function and morphology) Notes on chloroplasts Nuclear compartment (carioteca, nucleolus, chromosomes): Cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments) THE CELL CYCLE The phases of the cell cycle. Mitosis. Meiosis: general description - differences between meiosis and mitosis Crossing-over - Gametogenesis - egg and sperm cell - Fertilization - Acrosome process - Embryogenesis - Cell development and differentiation: model organisms - Stem cells CELL ENERGETICS Glycolysis, krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. INHERITANCE (LAWS OF MENDEL) Notes on Mendel's Laws: purity of gametes, segregation, independence. Chance. Dominance relationships: multiple alleles; Genotype and environment: penetrance, expressiveness. LABORATORY ACTIVITIES Basic knowledge of the research laboratory immortalized cell cultures and primary cells. Cell study methods (light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry). Pollen: the aerobiological monitoring center. Molecular biology techniques: DNA extraction and PCR (reference books) All the slides used during the lessons are available ONLINE on UNITUS MOODLE. The book below is suggested as an example but students can still use other university-level texts as well. The recommended text is available and can be consulted at the library of the Polo di Rieti "Sabina Universitas" - Bruce Alberts et al. Zanichelli Editore: The essentials of the molecular biology of the cell. fourth edition	6	BIO/01	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18169 - English language (objectives) English level B1 At this level you can understand: Main points on common topics at work, school, or traveling General and specific details given clear speech Factual texts on subjects of interest - MIDOSSI Maria grazia (syllabus) PROGRAM: Analysis of the salient features of the B1 level of the CEFR GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX: - interrogative forms - possessive and Saxon genitive - Personal pronouns subject - frequency adverbs - comparative and superlative degree of adjectives - relative pronouns - countable and uncountable nouns - main prepositions of time and place - main conjunctions - main verbs + prepositions (Phrasal Verbs) - Present Simple / Present Continuous - Past Simple - Habits in the past: USED TO - Present Perfect - future ("going to", "will" and "Present Continuous") - conditional: type 0 - conditional: type 1 + time subordinates (when, after, etc. + Present Simple) - modal verbs (can, could, must, will, would, should) - have to, don't need to - conditional: type 2 - progressive past (Past Continuous) - future expressed with the simple present - passive form of verbs - indirect speech - position and order of adjectives - verbs with infinity and gerund LEXICON: - physical description of people - relationships (family) - personality - the House - weather - hobbies, sports and leisure - means of transport and holidays - clothing and shops COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS: - talk about your habits and hobbies - talk about the family - request / give information: date and time - talk about the weather - describe people and talk about feelings - to be / disagree - understand / write short messages - understand / write an informal letter - talk about future programs - talk about past experiences - thank and respond to thanks SPECIFIC MICROLINGUA: Presentation of scientific texts. Topics and texts will be specifically defined during the course and will focus on the following aspects: Agriculture (reference books) 1. M. Mann, S. T. Knowles, Destination B1 Grammar & Vocabulary : With Answer Key, Macmillan 2. Kenny, A. Kelly, Ready for Pet coursebook with key, MacMillan,File 3. Murphy, English Grammar in Use Book with Answers and Interactive eBook: Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Learners of English, Cambridge	6		48	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
118634 - Faunistica (objectives) The course aims to provide students with both theoretical and practical knowledge, enabling them to make a professional contribution to the planning phase of wildlife management in agro-silvo-pastoral areas. Specifically, the course intends to equip students with a fundamental understanding of: 1. Ecology applied to wildlife management; 2. The relationships and interactions between wildlife and the biotic and abiotic components of different ecosystems (agricultural, livestock, forestry, urban/peri-urban); 3. Habitat Suitability Modeling; 4. The systematics, distribution, evolutionary history, morphology, biology, ecology, and ethology of species of particular conservation or hunting interest, typically associated with mountain ecosystems; 5. Methods and techniques for population surveys, counts and estimates; 6. Problematic and/or invasive species, whether native or non-native (Alien Invasive Species); 7. Understanding the interactions between wildlife and human activities: threat factors, impacts, and mitigation methods/strategies; 8. Knowledge of the main specific regulations. The course combines theoretical lectures with practical exercises and case studies, preparing students to effectively contribute to the monitoring and sustainable management of wildlife within a complex ecosystem framework. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must demonstrate the knowledge of species of particular conservation and hunting interest, typically associated with mountain ecosystems, as well as the technical terminology of the field. Additionally, the student should have acquired a basic understanding of the fundamental principles of ecology as applied to wildlife management and population studies. This includes knowledge of monitoring techniques, population counting and abundance estimation, wildlife data analysis, interpretation of population dynamics, and understanding of conservation regulations and active management practices. The student should also grasp the concepts of biodiversity, the logical process behind selecting appropriate monitoring techniques in different environments, and the factors influencing both the distribution and abundance of species and the emergence of interactions that negatively impact human activities. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must demonstrate the ability to apply basic theoretical knowledge to practical situations in wildlife monitoring and management. This includes the skill to collect wildlife presence and abundance data both in the field and from major geoportals and informational layers. It will also be important to adapt survey methodologies to the specific characteristics of the study areas and the species being monitored. MAKING JUDGEMENTS The student must be able to make informed and autonomous decisions regarding: 1. The objectives to pursue based on the conservation status of the species, of its populations, and any interactions with human activities. 2. The most appropriate monitoring, counting, or estimation techniques under specific environmental and socio-economic conditions. 3. The determination of sustainable harvesting levels, if applicable, for huntable populations or those under demographic control. 4. The methods of population reinforcement (restocking and/or reintroduction) for populations in unfavorable conservation status. 5. The integrated eradication strategies for invasive alien species. 6. The regulations to reference in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the intervention deemed appropriate or necessary in each situation. COMMUNICATION SKILLS The student must be able to clearly and effectively communicate the study approaches, the results and implications of monitoring, the status of the studied population, and the most appropriate management strategies to various audiences, including colleagues, environmental management officials, and the general public. This includes preparing reports, presenting findings in a clear and understandable manner, and participating in discussions on topics related to wildlife conservation and management. LEARNING SKILLS The student must demonstrate the ability to learn autonomously and continuously, integrating new information and techniques in the field of wildlife monitoring and management. This includes staying updated on the latest research and methodologies, as well as undertaking additional studies and research to enhance their skills. - VIOLA PAOLO (syllabus) Frontal lessons including seminars: • Introduction to the course: hints of ecology applied to wildlife management. Definitions of species, population and metapopulation. Population parameters; • Wildlife-hunting management concepts: monitoring, wildlife inputs, sustainable harvesting; • Wildlife-hunting planning and reference legislation; • Habitat suitability modelling (HSI): general information and study methods; • Ecological models; • Environmental improvements (periodic, permanent, etc.); • Main techniques for monitoring and counting wild populations; • Systematic classification of Italian ungulates with elements of biology, ecology and management (cervids, bovids and suidae); • Systematic classification of Italian lagomorphs with elements of biology, ecology and management; • Elements of biology, ecology and management of the wolf; • Elements of biology, ecology and management of the brown bear (focus on Ursus arctos marsicanus); • Elements of birds' biology, ecology and management (focus on mountain galliformes and woodcock); • Elements of biology, ecology and management of non-native species (case studies on Myocastor coypus and Canada goose); • Human-wildlife interactions and conflicts: types of impacts and methods/strategies of contrast. Field exercises: Wildlife monitoring: participation in counting/census sessions, Wildlife captive production and ex situ conservation: visits to wildlife breeding farms. The opportunity/possibility of organizing seminars and educational activities at a) Castelporziano Presidential Estate (RM) for advanced information on Eurasian woodcock monitoring and the management of some problematic ungulates (wild boar in particular ) and b) Mezzano Valley (FE) for advanced knowledge on reintroduction and monitoring methods of a galliform species linked to traditional cereal agro-ecosystems (the case study of grey partridge - Life Perdix), will be discussed with students and the CCS. (reference books) TEXTBOOKS: o Principi e tecniche di gestione faunistico-venatoria. Edited by Alberto M. Simonetta and Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri. Greentime ed. o Manuale di gestione della fauna. Edited by Francesco Riga and Sandro Lovari. Greentime ed. MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER: PPT used during the frontal lessons and uploaded in Moodle	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18150 - Botany and princilples of plant ecology (objectives) Knowledge of the plant cell in relation to plant structure and functions. Understanding of anatomical-functional differences between Conifers, dicot and monocot Angiosperms . Compare the reproductive cycles of mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms. The phenotype and its modifications according to the environment. - Di Filippo Alfredo (syllabus) The rise of Life on Earth. Plant evolution. Miller experience. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. Autotrophy and heterotrophy. Unicellular and multicellular organisms. Innovation through the affirmation of cellular functions. Structure and functions of the plant cell and its organelles: Plastids: types of plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leukoplasts, amyloplasts, etioplasts), structure and relative functions. Origin from proplastids. Chloroplasts: structure (thylacoids, grain, stroma) in relation to the main reactions involved in chlorophyll photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). Vacuole. Role of vacuole in cellular metabolism, in water economics and in cellular relaxation processes. Water relations: the water potential and the factors that determine it. Movement of water between cells. The cell wall, its constituents and structure. Assembly of the primary wall. Movement of water and solutes in relation to the wall. The wall and the growth by distension of the cell. The secondary wall. Wall modifications (suberification, cutinization, lignification, mineralization). Plasmodesmata. Higher plant anatomy. Growth by division, relaxation and differentiation. Dedifferentiation and cellular totipotency. Tissues: classification and cell types of the various tissues. Meristematic and mature tissues. Main types of tissues and their characteristics. Structure and functions of the root in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. The root system. Apex, structure and function of radical meristems. Quiescent center, positive geotropism, statoliths. Primary structure (actinostele). Formation of the secondary structure. Origin of the lateral roots. Shoot morphology and anatomy in Angiosperms and Gimnosperms. The bud: vegetative and floral buds; terminal and lateral buds; dormant buds. Knots and internodes. The meristems in the bud. Origin of the vascular bundles. Eustele and atactostele. Origin structure and functioning of the cribro-vascular cambium. Secondary structure of the stem. Annual rings. Structure of homoxylous and heteroxylous wood. Ring porous and diffuse porous wood. Heartwood and sapwood. Origin of the structure and functions of the cork cambium. Periderm and Lenticels. Morphology and anatomy of the leaf of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. The petiole and the leaf blade. Simple and compound leaves. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mesophyll leaves. Double-sided, equifacial and single-sided leaves; plagiotropic, orthotropic and needle-like leaves. The stomata and the factors that determine the opening and closing mechanism. The hydatodes. Transpiration and chlorophyll photosynthesis in relation to the structure of the leaf. The rise of water in the xylem: the cohesion-tension theory. Phloem loading and photosyntate transport . Propagation and reproduction systems in plants. Alternation between generations (gametophyte, sporophyte) and reproductive cells (spores and gametes). Main characteristics and reproduction cycle of non-vascular embryophytes (moss and liver). Main characteristics and reproduction cycle of some phyla of vascular embryophytes: phylum Pterophyta (ferns) phylum Conipherophyta (conifers) phylum Antophyta (angiosperms) Ovule and seed. Seed structure in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Hypogeal and epigeal germination. Environmental factors favoring seed germination. Flower structure in plants. The fruit. From ovary to pericarp. Dried and fleshy fruits, dehiscent and indehiscent. Simple fruits, aggregates, compounds, false fruits. Fruit dispersion mode (anemocora, zoocora, hydrocora, etc.). Summary of evolutionary theory. Natural and artificial selection, selective pressure, adaptation, fitness, evolution. Genotype and phenotype. Divergent and convergent evolution; coevolution. The concept of species, subspecies, ecotype; the cultivar. Taxa of infraspecific and higher rank. Taxonomy and systematics; the Linnaeus binomial, the systematic categories, notes on the formation of phylogenetic trees. The ecology. The interactions between plants and their environment. Ecological abiotic factors in relation to plant metabolism: light, temperature, water, essential nutrients. Morphological adaptations to different environmental contexts: hygromorphism and xeromorphism. (reference books) Suggested Textbooks: Pasqua et al. Botanica generale e diversità vegetale Ed. Piccin. Raven, Evert, Eichorn. BIOLOGIA DELLE PIANTE VI edizione (No precedenti!) Zanichelli. Evert, Eichhorn. Biologia delle piante di Raven. Zanichelli. Mauseth. Botanica. Fondamenti di biologia delle piante. Idelson-Gnocchi	7	BIO/03	48	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
119252 - Ecologia e Conservazione degli ecosistemi montani - Capizzi Dario	6	BIO/07	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18149 - Geology (objectives) The course has three main objectives: 1) to provide some fundamental elements of Earth Sciences aimed at understanding the evolution of the Earth's system and its dynamic character; 2) provide basic notions for the interpretation and use of geological data available at national and regional level (for non-geological professionals); 3) highlight the multiple hazards and geological risk factors that characterize the national territory. Taking into account that the application of the European INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe) directive implemented in Italy with Legislative Decree 32/2010, has completely changed the management and distribution of territorial data and, in particular, geological data. The course also provides indications on how to use the geothematic data made available by standard OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) services, of the leading national and regional geoportals, which have become the main (and often the only) source of information and acquisition of such data. 1) knowledge and understanding At the end of the training activity the student will acquire knowledge on the main dynamic processes affecting the terrestrial system, on the hazard and risk factors associated with them and will be able to understand the terminology and symbols used in geological maps, as well as to have the basic knowledge necessary to acquire geological data from the leading national and regional geoportals 2) applying knowledge and understanding. At the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate that he can perform a search for geothematic data (and in particular those relating to geological cartography) made available by the leading national and regional geoportals and to use them to carry out a brief description of the physical characteristics of the territory with particular reference to its geological hazard factors and relative risk. 3) making judgements. Through the examples proposed during the lessons and the exercises, the student must be able to evaluate the quality of the geological data acquired or the limits related to their use in territorial studies. He must also be able to correctly cite the source of information obtained to distinguish bibliographic data from his interpretations clearly. 4) communication skills. The student must acquire a primary technical language relating to the topics covered during the lessons and exercises to be able to dialogue with professionals and experts engaged in environmental, territorial analysis, management, and design. Communication skills will be verified during the ongoing tests and during the final exam. 5) learning skills The student will have to demonstrate that he possesses the essential notions to be able to carry out a general analysis of the geological data available (on a limited territorial area), and also to be able to acquire further knowledge. Then acquire data for a more in-depth analysis of specific, variable aspects depending on the local characteristics and, therefore, also different from those treated in the examples considered during the course and exercises. - MADONNA Sergio (syllabus) Lezioni (32h) Introduction -geology, economy and sustainable development; natural reserve and resources; geologic hazard and risk; global changes and local catastrophes; the Italian territory's fragility from hazard to risk; Hydrogeological instability, and the role of forest vegetation for soil and water conservation. An overview on geologic time and its measure – the geologic record, the scientific method, the principles of geology; the Age of the Earth, the geological time scale, radiometric methods of rock dating; The Precambrian, origin, and evolution of the Earth system, planetesimals and planetoids, differentiation of the Earth's core, mantle and crust, the giant impact and the origin of the moon, the evolution of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere; The Phanerozoic, the fossils and the relative dating, chronostratigraphic and geochronological units; the broad subdivision of geological time and mass extinction events, the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICS). Earth as a system of interacting dynamic components - Earth's shape and surface (hypsographic curve); the Earth's layered structure; driving forces (internal heat, external solar input), Earth's rotation and Coriolis effect; the big Eart's cycles (atmospheric and oceanic circulation; hydrologic cycle, mantle convection and plate tectonics, the rocks cycle, the geochemical cycle); the biosphere (geobiological events in Earth's History); the cryosphere, albedo and land use; balancing the geosystems; (trigger effects and feedback). Exploring Earth's Interior - astronomical data; direct observations: surface data and deep boreholes (Kola borehole); seismic waves and seismology; internal layering and their composition; seismic tomography; Earth's gravity field, the geoid; Earth's internal heat and temperature; heat flow; the geothermal gradient; the Earth's magnetic field and its variations; paleomagnetism; Thermoremanent Magnetization (TRM), Depositional Remanent Magnetization (DRM ); magnetic stratigraphy, the paleomagnetic time scale, chrons, and sub-chrons. Seismic hazard and risk - Elastic rebound theory, fault rupture during Earthquakes, seismographs and seismogram; seismic wawes (P-Wawe, S-Wave, surface wave); hypocenter and epicenter; Richter magnitude scale; moment magnitude; modified Mercalli intensity scale; earthquake and capable fault, Itahca Project (ITaly HAzards from CApable faulting – ISPRA); earthquakes and tsunamis; seismic classification of the national territory; earthquake recurrence interval, Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes (INGV); Catalogue of the Italian Tsunamis (INGV); seismic microzonation (regional data). Minerals as the building blocks of the rocks - Minerals and crystals definitions, amorphous and crystalline minerals; crystals morphology and symmetry (systems, classes; and space groups); chemical classes of minerals; the atomic structure of minerals; physical and chemical properties of the most common rock-forming minerals; minerals and rocks main structures and textures. Introduction to the study of rocks an overview - the main groups of rocks (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic); origin, occurrence, and basic principles of their classification; the rocks in the legend of geological maps (lithostratigraphic units), the technical classification of rocks (the relationship between lithology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, and pedology). The Hydrologic cycle and groundwaters - the distribution of waters on Earth; water cycle and hydrogeological balance; water flow through soils and rocks (permeability and porosity); the groundwater table (vadose and phreatic zone); the main types of aquifers and springs; Hydrothermal waters; salinization, pollution, and the crisis of water resources. Plate tectonics and orogenic processes – plate tectonics the unifying theory; the engine of plate tectonics; the mosaic of plates; continental and oceanic crust; shields, orogens, basins (foreland basin, forearc, and backarc basin), large igneous provinces, rift zones, mid-ocean ridge (MOR), hot spots, trenches, passive margins; plate tectonic and orogenic processes (subduction and continental collision); orogenic systems (thrust belt, foreland basin, wedge top basin, foredeep, forebulge, backbulge), orogenic cycle (Wilson cycle); the geological evolution of Italy an overview. Mapping geologic units and structures – the deformation processes of the rocks; the measuring of strike and dip; rock’s deformation structure (nomenclature of the main types of folds and fault), thrusts, horst, and graben; the geologic maps legend, stratigraphic units; geologic cross-sections; tectonic units; structural maps; introduction to reading geological maps; the 1:100,000 Geological Map of Italy; The CARG project and the 1: 50,000 geological and geothematic maps of Italy; The Geological Survey of Italy Geoportal, (geomapviewer and WebGIS applications). Igneous rocks and processes: magma consolidation and magmatic differentiation processes; the chemical and mineral composition of igneous rocks, common minerals in igneous rocks; intrusive bodies; volcanoes (eruptive styles); the main igneous rocks types (basic textures, structures, geometry, and landforms); intrusive and hypabyssal (subvolcanic); Pyroclastic; Lavas - hydrothermal activity and deposits; igneous activity and plate tectonics; volcanic hazards and risk in Italy. Sedimentary rocks and processes - sedimentary environments; sedimentary processes – sedimentary stage of the rock cycle (weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, burial, and diagenesis); sedimentary basins; classification of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical/evaporite, biochemical, organic/carbon compounds); sedimentary structures and facies; the principles of stratigraphy and the Italian Guide to Stratigraphic classification and terminology. Metamorphic rocks and processes - causes of metamorphism; type of metamorphism: regional, contact, burial, seafloor (hydrothermally altered), impact, cataclastic; grade of metamorphism, metamorphic facies; metamorphic structures and textures (fabric); classification of low-grade metamorphic rock by protolith (-meta, -ortho, -para); classification of metamorphic rocks by texture (foliated, granoblastic, porphyroblastic rocks), by bulk chemical composition; (pelitic /clay-aluminous minerals, quartzo-feldspathic, calcareous, mafic, magnesian, ferruginous, manganiferous); classification of metamorphic rocks by mineral composition (qualifier terms); plate tectonics and metamorphism Marine and coastal environment, processes and deposits - coastal environment (coastal forms, coastal erosion problems); tidal and subtidal environments, continental shelf environment; evaporite environment (Messinian salinity crisis); terrigenous-siliciclastic environment (turbidites deposits); carbonate environment (platform, reef, barrier reef, mound, atoll); deep-sea environment. Weathering - the main factors controls on weathering; chemical weathering (hydrolysis, dissolution, oxidation), carbon dioxide, weathering, and the climate system; physical weathering and erosion; the residue of weathering eluvial deposits, soil formation; plate tectonic, erosion cycle and planation surfaces. Mass Wasting (gravitational processes) deposits and landform: deposits produced primarily by gravitational processes (debris cone and talus), landslides, mass movements classification (Cruden & Varnes, 1996), the IFFI Project (Italian Landslide Inventory) landslide hazard and risk. Slope deposits and landform made by gravity and running water: floods and instability phenomena related to the action of surface waters; rain splash and sheet erosion, rill, and gully erosion, accelerated soil erosion, soil loss, badlands, colluvial deposits, fan cone, alluvial fan, mud fan, soil creep and solifluction. Stream deposits and landform: drainage network, drainage basin; drainage patterns, stream valley, and channels types; stream waters flow (laminar and turbulent); sediment erosion, transport (bed load, suspended load, saltation) and deposition ( grain size, velocity relationship graph); primary sediment bedforms (dunes and ripples); deltas types (lobate, estuarine, arcuate, bird’s foot); the longitudinal profile, graded stream, and base levels concept; alluvial fan; fluvial terraces; continental carbonate deposits (calcareous tufa), lake deposits; stream discharge; flood; flood recurrence interval; flood hazard and risk. Wind deposits processes environments, and landforms - wind as erosion, transport, and deposition agent; wind belts and atmospheric circulation; wind strength; wind sediments particle size, windblown dust, sand; loess; sandblasting and deflation; desert pavement; desert landforms; the wind environment (hot desert, glacial outwash plain, coast affected by predominantly onshore winds), major desert area in the world; desert weathering; playa lakes and evaporite; desert landscape, pediment; soil loss and desertification. Karst deposits, forms, and processes - karst and pseudokarst processes; factors affecting karst processes; sketch of a typic karst system (exokarst, epikarst endokarst, vadose and saturated zone) main karst landforms (karren, limestone pavement, sinkhole/doline, uvala, Poje, Foibe, Cockpit, karst towers, hum disappearing or sinking streams/dry valley, blind valley, ponor, caverns/caves); the cycle of erosion in a karst topography; karst deposit/speleothems (stalactites stalagmites, columns); karst landscape and inventories (caves and sinkholes) in Italy, hazard and risk in karst areas. Glacial processes, landscape, and deposits: ice as a rock; valley glaciers, continental glaciers; glacial budgets (accumulation and ablation); glacial flow, plastic flow, basal slip, valley glaciers, glacial erosional landforms (U-shaped valley, cirque, horn, arete, hanging valley, fjord, roche montonee, glacial striations); glacial deposits (till, moraine), outwash plain and water-laid deposits and landforms (karner, kettles, eskers, drumlins, varve); permafrost; glaciation and sea-level change; glaciation and graded stream profile change. The geologic record of glaciations, proxy data. Climate change – climate forcing, components of the climate system: internal (plate tectonics, orogen, volcanic activity, seafloor spreading, greenhouse gases and aerosols, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, biotic and anthropic factors, albedo) and external (solar forcing/solar input – solar activity and Milankovitch cycles,), radiation balance, and long term climatic variations; climatic proxies; timing and extent of Proterozoic glaciations; catastrophic climate change (deep impacts, supervolcano eruptions, continental food basalts/traps); major Phanerozoic mass extinctions; interactions between the plate tectonic and climate system; greenhouse and icehouse oceanic circulation; quaternary glaciation; climate change during the Holocene, the younger dryas; the little ice Age (LIA); greenhouse effect and climate changes induced by anthropic. Exercises (16 h) During the course theoretical/practical exercises will be carried out on: Acquisition and management of geological data: notes on territorial information systems and open source GIS; the INSPIRE Protocol, the national geoportal, and the regional portals. -Reading the forms of the survey through the topographical maps of the Military Geographical Institute (IGM) and the Regional Technical Maps (CTR) - Macroscopic recognition of the main types of rocks; - Examples of representation on geological maps of the main types of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks and the main tectonic elements; - Construction and interpretation of topographic and geological profiles; - Use topographic, geological, and geothematic maps to frame the physical characteristics of a limited territorial portion. Attendance is recommended, but in the case of impediments, students could contact the teacher to receive assistance for the preparation of the exam. (reference books) Presentazioni delle lezioni e materiale didattico integrativo Presentations of the lessons and supplementary teaching material All the presentations of the lessons, lecture notes and other supplementary teaching materials can be downloaded from the moodle platform. The material is protected by a password that will be provided to students attending the course (the password to open the files can be requested at any time from the teacher by sending an email to sermad@unitus.it specifying year of attendance, matriculation and course) Recommended texts GROTZINGER J., JORDAN T.H, PRESS F., SIEVER R. - Understanding Earth - W.H Freeman and Company New York GISOTTI G.- Le unità di paesaggio - Analisi geomorfologica per la pianificazione territoriale e urbanistica- Dario Flacovio Editore ISTITUTO GEOGRAFICO MILITARE - Italia - Atlante dei Tipi Geografici Editore: Istituto Geografico Militare Edizione: 2004 Scaricabile gratuitamente dal sito: http://www.igmi.org/pubblicazioni/atlante_tipi_geografici/index.php . MINISTERO DELL’AMBIENTE- I Quaderni Habitat - Collana - 24 volumi scaricabili gratuitamente dal sito: https://www.minambiente.it/pagina/i-quaderni-habitat-collana Progetto CARG - Cartografia geologica e geotematica -Linee guida per la realizzazione della Carta Geologica e Geotematica alla scala 1:50.000 Quaderno n1 e n 3 scaricabile gratuitamente dal sito: http://www.apat.gov.it/site/it-IT/Progetti/Progetto_CARG_-_Cartografia_geologica_e_geotematica/Linee_guida/	6	GEO/02	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16978 - Optional subjects	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
18126 - Physics - piemontese luigi (syllabus) All the arguments are included in the area of introductory studies. Physics and measurement Fundamental and derived quantities. Units of measurement. The international System of units (SI system). Dimensional analysis. Convertion of units. Scientific notation. Order-of-magnitude calculations. Vector and scalar quantities. Kinematics Coordinate systems. Position and trajectory. Average and instantaneous velocity. Average and instantaneous, centripetal and tangential acceleration. Motion diagrams. One-dimensional motion. Rectilinear motion. One-dimensional motion at a constant velocity. One-dimensional motion at a constant acceleration. Freely falling objects. Two-dimensional motion. Parabolic motion. Periodic motion, period and frequency. Simple harmonic motion. Uniform circular motion. Angular position, velocity and acceleration. Relation between angular and linear quantities. Dynamics: forces and laws of motion The concept of force. Newton's laws. Gravitational force. Mass and weight. Translational Equilibrium. Normal force. Centripetal force. Elastic force. Force of static and kinetic friction. Dynamics: energy and work Work done by a force. Kinetic energy and work-kinetic energy theorem. Conservative forces and potential energy. Mechanical energy and its conservation. Work of non-conservative forces. Concept of power. Linear momentum and collisions Impulse and linear momentum. Isolated systems and linear momentum conservation. Elastic and inelastic collisions in one dimension. Statics Conditions of static equilibrium. Examples of rigid object in static equilibrium. Levers. The center of mass and the center of gravity. Hydrostatics Density. Pressure. Pascal's law. Variation of pressure with depth. Archimede's principle. Fluid dynamics Ideal fluid. Flow rate. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli's equation. Applications of Bernoulli's equation.	6	FIS/01	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
119253 - Rilievo del territorio
- Laboratorio di sistemi informativi territoriali (objectives) The course is 56 hours long (7 CFU) and iams to introduce students at the basis of cartography, especially at the usage of geographic information systems. During the course, history of cartography, traditional definitions and concepts of cartography will be provided (types of maps, scale, projection systems, etc.) as well as issues about digital cartography (rasters, vectors). Base knowledge of querying territorial information systems will be given, in order to edit a personal SIT. At the end of the course, the student has to be familiar with the main softwares of digital cartography, web GIS, and Web Map Service systems. - VESSELLA Federico (syllabus) • HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY o The philosophy of maps o The first representations of space o The world of Sumeri, Assyrians and Babylonians o The world according to ancient Greeks o The pragmatism of Roman culture o Tolomeo and his geography o The Medieval symbology o Flat vs Spherical Earth o The cartography from Medieval to Reinaissance o Mercator and the Dutch School o The longitudinal question o The new planispheres o Cassini, the 18th century and the "Carte de la France" o The military topography maps o History of Urban and Rural Cadastres o The scientific cartography after the 1750 o Alternative cartogeaphic projections o Speculations about cartographic stereotypes • IGM, CTR o Cartography at 100.000 and its subdivisions o The Technical Regional Map 1:10.000 • Territorial Informative Systems (TIS) o Introduction and basic definitions o What is a TIS o What is a map o The Earth shape: sphere, ellipsoid, geoid o Coordinate system:Latitude, Longitude and Cartesian system o Reference systems: global, local and geographical projections o Scales o Types of maps o Digital representations: vectors and rasters o Geographis Information Systems (GIS) and Territorial Informative Systems (TIS) o TIS applications o Introduction to GIS apps: functions and potentialities o GIS components o Introduction to online visualization softwares o Web Map Services (WMS) o Google Earth: basic and advanced functions • QGIS OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE o Introduction o The environment: desktop and main functions o The useful plug-ins o Intriduction to vectors and rasters models o Editing o Attribute tables: management and editing o Production of tematic maps (reference books) Slides and research materials supplied by the teacher (uploaded on Moodle)	7	AGR/10	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Cartografia e rilievo del territorio - Derived from 16964-2 Costruzioni, rilievo e rappresentazione del territorio in ambiente montano in SCIENZE DELLA MONTAGNA (L-25 Rieti) L-25 Ripa Maria Nicolina (syllabus) Survey and representation of the territory Reference surfaces, angle, distance, elevation, height difference, slope. Notes on the operations of relief Measurement of angles and distances. Planimetric survey methods: intersections, open and closed polygons. Detail relief. Elevation survey methods: leveling. Graphic rendering of the relief: quoted plan, level curve plan. GNSS system: General information, operating principles, methods of carrying out the survey using GNSS. Earth observation systems Principles of remote sensing, main Earth Observation missions, analysis of remote sensing images Review of the main cartographic projection systems. (reference books) Educational material available on the Moodle platform	7	AGR/10	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
118633 - Tecnologie di trasformazione dei prodotti di montagna (objectives) Acquisition of knowledge related to the main food and products processing. In particular, topics regarding technologies/biotechnologies for the transformation of raw materials, of plant and animal origin, grown and raised in mountain areas, will be addressed. The lessons will be articulated following the production chains that are subject to the recognition of the indication "Mountain product", established by art. 31 of Regulation (EU) no. 1151/2012 and regulated by the D.M. of the M.I.P.A.A.F. n. 57167 of 26 July 2017. The production chains that will be treated during the course will concern: i) the transformation of meat and eggs; ii) the dairy sector; iii) processed fruit and vegetables; iv) the processing of cereals; v) the production of honey and bee products. The transformation of the so-called "spontaneous products", which although not included in the "Mountain product" brand, will also activate important supply chains, such as medicinal plants and undergrowth products (currants, raspberries, blueberries, brambles, wild strawberries forest, wild asparagus, juniper, strawberry tree, myrtle, epigean mushrooms and truffles). For each supply chain, the student will have to acquire specific knowledge regarding the quality characteristics of the food and the related hygiene and health requirements, the organization of the plants and the evaluation of the process in relation to the operating conditions and conditioning techniques. At the end of the course, he will have to be able to independently define the quality of the food product with the aim of improving its production techniques and marketing. The recognition of the peculiar characteristics of the "mountain product" will provide the student with the basic tool to communicate to the consumer the added value and peculiarity of the food according to the area of origin. - Liburdi Katia (syllabus) The teaching programme (6 credits) is articulated following the scheme of the leading production chains in mountain areas. The lesson’s topics are reported below: 1) General concepts on food quality, conservation techniques and food safety requirements (0.25 ECTS). 2) Dairy production (1,25 CFU): i) chemical composition of milk; ii) drinking milk, pasteurization, sterilization and special technological treatments; iv) the cheese-making process (acid and rennet coagulation), rennet characteristics, cheese-making phases, influence of the raw material and technology on the cheese-making process; V) production of dairy products (cream, butter and fermented milk). 3) Meat and egg industry (1,25 CFU): i) meat muscle transformation techniques; ii) tenderization; iii) conservation; iv) cured meats; v) egg and egg-products. 4) Processed cereals (1 ECTS): bakery products and beer production; 5) Processing of fruit and vegetables (0.75 CFU): juice, canned and semi-canned fruits and vegetable; production process management and reference procedure for safety. 6) Harvest and transformation of medicinal plants and forest undergrowth products (1 CFU): man conservation techniques through drying, evaporation, freeze-drying, and the integrated atmosphere. Different plant processing phases, post-harvest (fresh and dry processing); the balsamic time; distillation at atmospheric pressure, at reduced pressure, in a stream of steam and hydro-distillation. Essential oils: composition and properties. Production of Liqueurs and spirits production. 7) The apiary sector (0.5 ECTS), honey chemical composition, classification of unifloral honey, analytical parameters (chemical-physical, sensory and melissopalinological analysis) (reference books) Principi di Chimica degli Alimenti, P. Cappelli & V. Vannucchi, Casa editrice: ZANICHELLI La Trasformazione Industriale di Frutta ed Ortaggi, C. Pompei, Casa editrice: EDAGRICOLE	6	AGR/15	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
18156 - Informatic and statistics skills (objectives) Provide the statistical bases for understanding and describing phenomena and knowing how to draw an experiment with its interpretation. Provide students with tools for using Office programs (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) for their correct use to write a thesis or a scientific work, to process the data and graphs that represent them. - PAGNOTTA Mario augusto (syllabus) Application of software for processing a text. With particular reference to text revisions and the use of cross references (summary). Applying software for the use of a spreadsheet and data processing. Features, Sort Data, Cross References, Creating Charts. Events, and random variable; Population and statistical sample; Sampling procedures; Probability random density distribution models of random variables and some sample statistics of random variables; Quantiles. Continuous variability, variance and mean; Null hypothesis and statistical test; Statistical tests within and between samples; Probability of Simple Events and Compound Events; Test of Chi square; Normal distribution; Correlation and Regression; Experimental design (Split-plot, RBD, Factorial); Analysis of Variance. Comparison among means. (reference books) Whitlock MM, Schluter D (2010) Analisi statistica dei dati biologici. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna. ISBN 978-88-08-06297 files	6		48	-	-	-	Other activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
18158 - Plant genetics (objectives) Get the basic concepts to understand the hereditary mechanisms and genetic bases useful in the evolution of populations and in the management and protection of mountainous and non-mountainous territory. - PAGNOTTA Mario augusto (syllabus) Cell cycle and divisions; Chromosome bases of inheritance; Ontogenetic cycles; Determining sex; Mendel's Experiments; Multiple alleles, dominance coding, genetic interactions; Genetic maps; Chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids; Structure of the chromosome; Central dogma; DNA Replication; Transcription, role of regulatory sequences, (exons, introns); Genetic code; Translation and protein synthesis; Gene, chromosomal and genomic mutations; Adjustment of gene expression; Quantitative genetics; Inheritance in the broad sense and in the strict sense, response to selection; Population genetics, Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium; Evolutionary factors: mutations, gene flow, selection and genetic drift; Their action on Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium. (reference books) Genetica agraria. Genetica e bitecnologie per l'agricoltura di Franco Lorenzetti, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Daniele Rosellini e F. Veronesi (31 dic. 2012) Griffiths A.J.F, Miller JH, Suzuki DT, Lewontin RC, Gelbart WM, (2002) Genetica: principi di analisi formale. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna. ISBN 978-88-08-17590-8.	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
119254 - Gestione forestale
- Dendrologia e dasologia - SCHIRONE Bartolomeo	7	AGR/05	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Selvicoltura - PIOVESAN Gianluca (syllabus) The course consists of lectures, seminars and exercises held in the laboratory and in the woods. The forest ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic components of the environment. The trophic structure of the ecosystem. The flow of energy. Energy balance, net radiation, food chains. Definition of forest. The measurement of the forest area. Global Forest Watch. 2030 Agenda and sustainable forest management. Biomass and productivity. Biogeochemical cycles. The cycles at various levels of scale. Distribution of plants in relation to the water and heat balance of the station. Macroclimate, mesoclimate and microclimate. The climates of the Earth, climate changes. Bioclimate and bioclimatic indices. Phytoclimatic classifications. Forest climate: influence of forest cover on light, heat, wind and water. The biotic component of the forest ecosystem. Tree, population, community: space-time structure, intra- and interspecific competition (habitat, niche) and positive ecosystem relations (mutualism). The structure and composition of forest stands. The dynamics of vegetation: the successions. Theories on the dynamism of forest vegetation, the concept of climax, successional models. Disturbing factors and successions. Old-growth forests: a laboratory for the study of natural dynamics and processes and a model for silviculture. Structure and dynamics of the structural stages of a forest. Elements of phytometry and dendrometry. Methods for measuring the size of trees and for studying the compositional and structural characteristics of forest stands. Dendroauxometry: - methods for the measurement of the volume increment. Introduction to forestry. The state of forests in the world and in Europe (Forest Europe). Biodiversity, forest products, and ecosystem services. Natura 2000, habitat and main Italian forest types. Concepts of site and biocoenosis. Site diagnosis; forest types and productivity of stands. Hints of forest monitoring: bioindicators. Forms of forest management: high forest, coppice. Natural regeneration. Even aged management; clear cuts and shelterwood systems. Forest thinnings. Uneven aged high forest: analysis of stand parameters in relation to the site and silvicultural objectives. Single tree selection, Plenter system, close to nature forestry. The conversion of coppice into high forest. Conversion by natural evolution, indirect method, direct method. Forest management in protected areas: forestry with low environmental impact; forest restoration. Mitigation of the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. Special forestry: the treatment of the main tree species of Apennine interest. Notes on regional forest regulations and laws. (reference books) Marco Paci. Ecologia forestale. Edagricole. Orazio La Marca. Elementi di dendrometria. Patron Editore. Mario Capelli. Selvicoltura generale. Edagricole. Bernetti Giovanni. Selvicoltura speciale. Utet Bernetti, G., Pividori, M., & Del Favero, R. (2012). Selvicoltura produttiva: manuale pratico. Edagricole.	7	AGR/05	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16974 - Plant diversity (objectives) Acquisition of knowledge on plant diversity at the level of the highest taxonomic ranks. Correct use of the scientific names of plant taxa. Use of species identification techniques. Acquisition of the ability to recognize in the field the most common families of angiosperms of the Italian flora. - CANCELLIERI Laura (syllabus) - Introduction to the course. Introduction to botany. Botany is the science that studies plant organisms. Study of plant diversity. - Concept of species, systematics, and taxonomy. Methods of classification. Artificial and natural classification systems. Analogy and homology. The taxonomic ranks. The species: morphological concept and biological concept. Phylogenetic classification. Nomenclature. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Main and secondary ranks. Subspecies, varieties, and cultivars. Main rules of the code. Taxon of hybrid origin. Speciation in plants. Polyploid speciation. Apomixis or Agamospermia. Introgression. - Prokaryotes: Cyanobacteria: outline of cytology, motility, heterocysts. Biological fixation of nitrogen. Systematics. Ecological and evolutionary importance. Cyanobacteria in the mountains. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic tallophytes. Reproduction. Algae: microalgae and macroalgae (notes on general characters and ecology). Reproduction in algae. Freshwater algae. Algae and eutrophication. - Mushrooms: Distinctive characters, elements of morphology, and reproduction. Main phyla (Zygomycota, Myxomycota, Chytridiomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota). Ecological importance. Yeasts. Lichens. Mycorrhizae. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic tallophytes. Emergence from the water. Phylogenetic relationships between the main groups of terrestrial plants. The great stages in the evolution of plant organisms. Paleobotany. - Bryophytes: Musci, Hepaticae, Anthocerotae; bryophytes as bioindicators. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (2nd part). Vascular plants without seeds or pteridophytes: general characters, diagnostic characters, reproduction, hints of systematics (and ecology): Lycophytes, Monilophytes (Psilotopsida, Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida with examples and observation of fresh material). - Vascular plants with seeds: Gymnosperms: outline of general diagnostic characters, of systematics (and ecology). The angiosperms: general characteristics; diversity and hints on evolution; evolution of the floral morphology; the fruit; hints of systematics; Comparison between the “classical” (Cronquist's system) and molecular (APG- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) subdivision into families. Main families of herbaceous plants of the Italian flora (according to APG), diagnostic characters, and examples of genera and species (ecology and distribution). - basal angiosperms (Nymphaeaceae) - the archaic angiosperms (Magnoliids: Aristolochiaceae, Magnoliaceae). - Monocotyledons: Alliaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae s.s., Iridaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae. - Eu-dicotyledons: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae. Orobancaceae. - identification of vascular plants. The identification keys and their use: the Flora of Italy (Pignatti), the Portal to the flora of Italy 2020.1. - Notes on Italian vascular flora: native f and allochthonous flora, notes on ranges and biological forms. - Erbari, the Herbarium of Tuscia. How to make a personal herbarium. (reference books) Libro principale: • Pasqua G., Abbate G., Forni C., ultima edizione - Botanica generale e diversità vegetale. Piccin. • Y. Fragnière et al. – “Connaissances botaniques de base en un coup d’oeil” – Ulmer	6	BIO/03	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

17009 - English language B2	6		48	-	-	-		ITA
119752 - Glaciologia e nivologia - Pecci Massimo	3	GEO/04	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119753 - Legislazione forestale a ambientale - Derived from 118632 Economia, estimo e legislazione forestale in Gestione sostenibile delle foreste e del verde urbano L-25 (docente da definire)	4	IUS/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

119858 - Machines, tools and techniques for urban greenery - Derived from 119858 Macchine, strumenti e tecniche per il verde urbano in Gestione digitale dell’agricoltura e del territorio montano LM-73 LM-73 BIANCHINI Leonardo	3	AGR/09	24	-	-	-		-	ITA
120088 - Nivologia e glaciologia	6	GEO/04	-	-	-	-			ITA

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
17682 - Principles of chemistry (objectives) Il percorso formativo prevede insegnamenti finalizzati all'approfondimento dei vari settori della chimica. L'obiettivo formativo è quello di fornire allo studente una buona conoscenza delle varie possibilità applicative della chimica intesa come scienza che studia le proprietà dei materiali sia naturali sia artificiali. Una preparazione, inoltre, che consenta di interpretare correttamente il complesso linguaggio della chimica. Le nozioni di base acquisite durante le prime fasi del corso serviranno poi ad articolare un ulteriore percorso formativo orientato verso le tematiche ambientali, del territorio e alle tecnologie chimiche sostenibili. - Pietrelli Loris	8	CHIM/06	64	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18125 - Mathematic (objectives) Knowledge of the contents of Mathematics aimed at understanding the other applicative subjects foreseen in the course of studies. - Chiaretti Mauro (syllabus) Integer, Rational and Real Numbers. Equalities and Inequalities. Proportions and Percentages. Powers and Roots with Integer or Rational Exponent. Logarithms and Exponentials. The Cartesian Plane. The Straight Line in the Cartesian Plane. Goniometry: Goniometric Functions and their Properties. Trigonometry: Right Triangles, Triangles: Sine Theorem and Carnot's Theorem. Algebraic, Irrational, Goniometric, Logarithmic, Exponential Equations and Inequalities. The Absolute Value. Functions: Definitions and Properties. Functions of a Real Variable. The Elementary Functions. Limits. Properties of Limits. Calculation of Limits. Continuous Functions. Derivatives. The Derivative of a Function. Operations with Derivatives: Derivation of Sum, Product, Quotient of Functions. Derivative of a Composition. Derivative of the Inverse Function. Derivation rules. Theorems of Rolle, Cauchy and Lagrange. De l'Hôpital's theorem. Graph of a function. Maximum, Minimum and Horizontal Inflections. Growth and Decrease. Concavity and Convexity. Inflection Points. Asymptotes. Integrals. The Definite Integral. Properties of the Integral and the Average Value. The Fundamental Theorem. Indefinite Integral. Elementary Integrals. Integration by Parts. Integration by Substitution. Integration of Rational Functions. Elements of linear algebra. Vectors: Sum, Difference, Scalar Multiplication, Scalar Product and Vector (Cross) Product. Matrices. Matrix Operations: Sum and Difference, Scalar Multiplication, Matrix Multiplication. Linear Systems. Determinants. Cramer's Theorem. System with parameters. Matrix Rank. Rouché-Capelli’s Theorem. (reference books) D’Ancona, Piero; Manetti, Marco: Istituzioni di Matematiche	6	MAT/05	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18127 - General Biology (objectives) Acquisition of the basis for understanding the living world, knowledge of cell types, and fundamental processes taking place at the cell level (transcription, translation, energy metabolism, etc.). Attendance at lectures and participation in laboratory exercises will allow the student to acquire basic knowledge of General Biology. Specifically, the student will be able to: • Know the current theories regarding the origin of life. Know the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • Know the main evolutionary theories that can explain the evolution of living beings. • Know the structure of nucleic acids and DNA replication. • Know the main processes related to the transmission of characters • Know the main processes related to energy metabolism in autotrophs and heterotrophs. - MATTEI Vincenzo (syllabus) THE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Weak bonds and their role for the stability of biological macromolecules. Water: chemical characteristics and biological importance The biological molecules: monosaccharides - reserve and structural carbohydrates lipids nucleotides - notes on the structure of nucleic acids amino acids - proteins: structural organization and function STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND DNA REPLICATION hints on DNA replication and repair. From DNA to proteins: DNA transcription and translation mechanisms. EVOLUTION OF THE CELL Levels of organization and characteristics of living organisms. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Hypothesis on the origins of life. Characteristics of animal, plant, bacterial and virus cells. THE PLASMATIC MEMBRANE The plasma membrane (properties and functions). The membrane potential. Electrochemical gradient. Osmosis. Transport of substances across membranes: Diffusion, passive and active transport. Sodium - potassium pump. Endocytosis and exocytosis. FINE STRUCTURE OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL Membranous systems (endoplasmic reticles and ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes) mitochondria (function and morphology) Notes on chloroplasts Nuclear compartment (carioteca, nucleolus, chromosomes): Cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments) THE CELL CYCLE The phases of the cell cycle. Mitosis. Meiosis: general description - differences between meiosis and mitosis Crossing-over - Gametogenesis - egg and sperm cell - Fertilization - Acrosome process - Embryogenesis - Cell development and differentiation: model organisms - Stem cells CELL ENERGETICS Glycolysis, krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. INHERITANCE (LAWS OF MENDEL) Notes on Mendel's Laws: purity of gametes, segregation, independence. Chance. Dominance relationships: multiple alleles; Genotype and environment: penetrance, expressiveness. LABORATORY ACTIVITIES Basic knowledge of the research laboratory immortalized cell cultures and primary cells. Cell study methods (light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry). Pollen: the aerobiological monitoring center. Molecular biology techniques: DNA extraction and PCR (reference books) All the slides used during the lessons are available ONLINE on UNITUS MOODLE. The book below is suggested as an example but students can still use other university-level texts as well. The recommended text is available and can be consulted at the library of the Polo di Rieti "Sabina Universitas" - Bruce Alberts et al. Zanichelli Editore: The essentials of the molecular biology of the cell. fourth edition	6	BIO/01	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18169 - English language (objectives) English level B1 At this level you can understand: Main points on common topics at work, school, or traveling General and specific details given clear speech Factual texts on subjects of interest - MIDOSSI Maria grazia (syllabus) PROGRAM: Analysis of the salient features of the B1 level of the CEFR GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX: - interrogative forms - possessive and Saxon genitive - Personal pronouns subject - frequency adverbs - comparative and superlative degree of adjectives - relative pronouns - countable and uncountable nouns - main prepositions of time and place - main conjunctions - main verbs + prepositions (Phrasal Verbs) - Present Simple / Present Continuous - Past Simple - Habits in the past: USED TO - Present Perfect - future ("going to", "will" and "Present Continuous") - conditional: type 0 - conditional: type 1 + time subordinates (when, after, etc. + Present Simple) - modal verbs (can, could, must, will, would, should) - have to, don't need to - conditional: type 2 - progressive past (Past Continuous) - future expressed with the simple present - passive form of verbs - indirect speech - position and order of adjectives - verbs with infinity and gerund LEXICON: - physical description of people - relationships (family) - personality - the House - weather - hobbies, sports and leisure - means of transport and holidays - clothing and shops COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS: - talk about your habits and hobbies - talk about the family - request / give information: date and time - talk about the weather - describe people and talk about feelings - to be / disagree - understand / write short messages - understand / write an informal letter - talk about future programs - talk about past experiences - thank and respond to thanks SPECIFIC MICROLINGUA: Presentation of scientific texts. Topics and texts will be specifically defined during the course and will focus on the following aspects: Agriculture (reference books) 1. M. Mann, S. T. Knowles, Destination B1 Grammar & Vocabulary : With Answer Key, Macmillan 2. Kenny, A. Kelly, Ready for Pet coursebook with key, MacMillan,File 3. Murphy, English Grammar in Use Book with Answers and Interactive eBook: Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Learners of English, Cambridge	6		48	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
118634 - Faunistica (objectives) The course aims to provide students with both theoretical and practical knowledge, enabling them to make a professional contribution to the planning phase of wildlife management in agro-silvo-pastoral areas. Specifically, the course intends to equip students with a fundamental understanding of: 1. Ecology applied to wildlife management; 2. The relationships and interactions between wildlife and the biotic and abiotic components of different ecosystems (agricultural, livestock, forestry, urban/peri-urban); 3. Habitat Suitability Modeling; 4. The systematics, distribution, evolutionary history, morphology, biology, ecology, and ethology of species of particular conservation or hunting interest, typically associated with mountain ecosystems; 5. Methods and techniques for population surveys, counts and estimates; 6. Problematic and/or invasive species, whether native or non-native (Alien Invasive Species); 7. Understanding the interactions between wildlife and human activities: threat factors, impacts, and mitigation methods/strategies; 8. Knowledge of the main specific regulations. The course combines theoretical lectures with practical exercises and case studies, preparing students to effectively contribute to the monitoring and sustainable management of wildlife within a complex ecosystem framework. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must demonstrate the knowledge of species of particular conservation and hunting interest, typically associated with mountain ecosystems, as well as the technical terminology of the field. Additionally, the student should have acquired a basic understanding of the fundamental principles of ecology as applied to wildlife management and population studies. This includes knowledge of monitoring techniques, population counting and abundance estimation, wildlife data analysis, interpretation of population dynamics, and understanding of conservation regulations and active management practices. The student should also grasp the concepts of biodiversity, the logical process behind selecting appropriate monitoring techniques in different environments, and the factors influencing both the distribution and abundance of species and the emergence of interactions that negatively impact human activities. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must demonstrate the ability to apply basic theoretical knowledge to practical situations in wildlife monitoring and management. This includes the skill to collect wildlife presence and abundance data both in the field and from major geoportals and informational layers. It will also be important to adapt survey methodologies to the specific characteristics of the study areas and the species being monitored. MAKING JUDGEMENTS The student must be able to make informed and autonomous decisions regarding: 1. The objectives to pursue based on the conservation status of the species, of its populations, and any interactions with human activities. 2. The most appropriate monitoring, counting, or estimation techniques under specific environmental and socio-economic conditions. 3. The determination of sustainable harvesting levels, if applicable, for huntable populations or those under demographic control. 4. The methods of population reinforcement (restocking and/or reintroduction) for populations in unfavorable conservation status. 5. The integrated eradication strategies for invasive alien species. 6. The regulations to reference in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the intervention deemed appropriate or necessary in each situation. COMMUNICATION SKILLS The student must be able to clearly and effectively communicate the study approaches, the results and implications of monitoring, the status of the studied population, and the most appropriate management strategies to various audiences, including colleagues, environmental management officials, and the general public. This includes preparing reports, presenting findings in a clear and understandable manner, and participating in discussions on topics related to wildlife conservation and management. LEARNING SKILLS The student must demonstrate the ability to learn autonomously and continuously, integrating new information and techniques in the field of wildlife monitoring and management. This includes staying updated on the latest research and methodologies, as well as undertaking additional studies and research to enhance their skills. - VIOLA PAOLO (syllabus) Frontal lessons including seminars: • Introduction to the course: hints of ecology applied to wildlife management. Definitions of species, population and metapopulation. Population parameters; • Wildlife-hunting management concepts: monitoring, wildlife inputs, sustainable harvesting; • Wildlife-hunting planning and reference legislation; • Habitat suitability modelling (HSI): general information and study methods; • Ecological models; • Environmental improvements (periodic, permanent, etc.); • Main techniques for monitoring and counting wild populations; • Systematic classification of Italian ungulates with elements of biology, ecology and management (cervids, bovids and suidae); • Systematic classification of Italian lagomorphs with elements of biology, ecology and management; • Elements of biology, ecology and management of the wolf; • Elements of biology, ecology and management of the brown bear (focus on Ursus arctos marsicanus); • Elements of birds' biology, ecology and management (focus on mountain galliformes and woodcock); • Elements of biology, ecology and management of non-native species (case studies on Myocastor coypus and Canada goose); • Human-wildlife interactions and conflicts: types of impacts and methods/strategies of contrast. Field exercises: Wildlife monitoring: participation in counting/census sessions, Wildlife captive production and ex situ conservation: visits to wildlife breeding farms. The opportunity/possibility of organizing seminars and educational activities at a) Castelporziano Presidential Estate (RM) for advanced information on Eurasian woodcock monitoring and the management of some problematic ungulates (wild boar in particular ) and b) Mezzano Valley (FE) for advanced knowledge on reintroduction and monitoring methods of a galliform species linked to traditional cereal agro-ecosystems (the case study of grey partridge - Life Perdix), will be discussed with students and the CCS. (reference books) TEXTBOOKS: o Principi e tecniche di gestione faunistico-venatoria. Edited by Alberto M. Simonetta and Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri. Greentime ed. o Manuale di gestione della fauna. Edited by Francesco Riga and Sandro Lovari. Greentime ed. MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER: PPT used during the frontal lessons and uploaded in Moodle	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18149 - Geology (objectives) The course has three main objectives: 1) to provide some fundamental elements of Earth Sciences aimed at understanding the evolution of the Earth's system and its dynamic character; 2) provide basic notions for the interpretation and use of geological data available at national and regional level (for non-geological professionals); 3) highlight the multiple hazards and geological risk factors that characterize the national territory. Taking into account that the application of the European INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe) directive implemented in Italy with Legislative Decree 32/2010, has completely changed the management and distribution of territorial data and, in particular, geological data. The course also provides indications on how to use the geothematic data made available by standard OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) services, of the leading national and regional geoportals, which have become the main (and often the only) source of information and acquisition of such data. 1) knowledge and understanding At the end of the training activity the student will acquire knowledge on the main dynamic processes affecting the terrestrial system, on the hazard and risk factors associated with them and will be able to understand the terminology and symbols used in geological maps, as well as to have the basic knowledge necessary to acquire geological data from the leading national and regional geoportals 2) applying knowledge and understanding. At the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate that he can perform a search for geothematic data (and in particular those relating to geological cartography) made available by the leading national and regional geoportals and to use them to carry out a brief description of the physical characteristics of the territory with particular reference to its geological hazard factors and relative risk. 3) making judgements. Through the examples proposed during the lessons and the exercises, the student must be able to evaluate the quality of the geological data acquired or the limits related to their use in territorial studies. He must also be able to correctly cite the source of information obtained to distinguish bibliographic data from his interpretations clearly. 4) communication skills. The student must acquire a primary technical language relating to the topics covered during the lessons and exercises to be able to dialogue with professionals and experts engaged in environmental, territorial analysis, management, and design. Communication skills will be verified during the ongoing tests and during the final exam. 5) learning skills The student will have to demonstrate that he possesses the essential notions to be able to carry out a general analysis of the geological data available (on a limited territorial area), and also to be able to acquire further knowledge. Then acquire data for a more in-depth analysis of specific, variable aspects depending on the local characteristics and, therefore, also different from those treated in the examples considered during the course and exercises. - MADONNA Sergio (syllabus) Lezioni (32h) Introduction -geology, economy and sustainable development; natural reserve and resources; geologic hazard and risk; global changes and local catastrophes; the Italian territory's fragility from hazard to risk; Hydrogeological instability, and the role of forest vegetation for soil and water conservation. An overview on geologic time and its measure – the geologic record, the scientific method, the principles of geology; the Age of the Earth, the geological time scale, radiometric methods of rock dating; The Precambrian, origin, and evolution of the Earth system, planetesimals and planetoids, differentiation of the Earth's core, mantle and crust, the giant impact and the origin of the moon, the evolution of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere; The Phanerozoic, the fossils and the relative dating, chronostratigraphic and geochronological units; the broad subdivision of geological time and mass extinction events, the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICS). Earth as a system of interacting dynamic components - Earth's shape and surface (hypsographic curve); the Earth's layered structure; driving forces (internal heat, external solar input), Earth's rotation and Coriolis effect; the big Eart's cycles (atmospheric and oceanic circulation; hydrologic cycle, mantle convection and plate tectonics, the rocks cycle, the geochemical cycle); the biosphere (geobiological events in Earth's History); the cryosphere, albedo and land use; balancing the geosystems; (trigger effects and feedback). Exploring Earth's Interior - astronomical data; direct observations: surface data and deep boreholes (Kola borehole); seismic waves and seismology; internal layering and their composition; seismic tomography; Earth's gravity field, the geoid; Earth's internal heat and temperature; heat flow; the geothermal gradient; the Earth's magnetic field and its variations; paleomagnetism; Thermoremanent Magnetization (TRM), Depositional Remanent Magnetization (DRM ); magnetic stratigraphy, the paleomagnetic time scale, chrons, and sub-chrons. Seismic hazard and risk - Elastic rebound theory, fault rupture during Earthquakes, seismographs and seismogram; seismic wawes (P-Wawe, S-Wave, surface wave); hypocenter and epicenter; Richter magnitude scale; moment magnitude; modified Mercalli intensity scale; earthquake and capable fault, Itahca Project (ITaly HAzards from CApable faulting – ISPRA); earthquakes and tsunamis; seismic classification of the national territory; earthquake recurrence interval, Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes (INGV); Catalogue of the Italian Tsunamis (INGV); seismic microzonation (regional data). Minerals as the building blocks of the rocks - Minerals and crystals definitions, amorphous and crystalline minerals; crystals morphology and symmetry (systems, classes; and space groups); chemical classes of minerals; the atomic structure of minerals; physical and chemical properties of the most common rock-forming minerals; minerals and rocks main structures and textures. Introduction to the study of rocks an overview - the main groups of rocks (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic); origin, occurrence, and basic principles of their classification; the rocks in the legend of geological maps (lithostratigraphic units), the technical classification of rocks (the relationship between lithology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, and pedology). The Hydrologic cycle and groundwaters - the distribution of waters on Earth; water cycle and hydrogeological balance; water flow through soils and rocks (permeability and porosity); the groundwater table (vadose and phreatic zone); the main types of aquifers and springs; Hydrothermal waters; salinization, pollution, and the crisis of water resources. Plate tectonics and orogenic processes – plate tectonics the unifying theory; the engine of plate tectonics; the mosaic of plates; continental and oceanic crust; shields, orogens, basins (foreland basin, forearc, and backarc basin), large igneous provinces, rift zones, mid-ocean ridge (MOR), hot spots, trenches, passive margins; plate tectonic and orogenic processes (subduction and continental collision); orogenic systems (thrust belt, foreland basin, wedge top basin, foredeep, forebulge, backbulge), orogenic cycle (Wilson cycle); the geological evolution of Italy an overview. Mapping geologic units and structures – the deformation processes of the rocks; the measuring of strike and dip; rock’s deformation structure (nomenclature of the main types of folds and fault), thrusts, horst, and graben; the geologic maps legend, stratigraphic units; geologic cross-sections; tectonic units; structural maps; introduction to reading geological maps; the 1:100,000 Geological Map of Italy; The CARG project and the 1: 50,000 geological and geothematic maps of Italy; The Geological Survey of Italy Geoportal, (geomapviewer and WebGIS applications). Igneous rocks and processes: magma consolidation and magmatic differentiation processes; the chemical and mineral composition of igneous rocks, common minerals in igneous rocks; intrusive bodies; volcanoes (eruptive styles); the main igneous rocks types (basic textures, structures, geometry, and landforms); intrusive and hypabyssal (subvolcanic); Pyroclastic; Lavas - hydrothermal activity and deposits; igneous activity and plate tectonics; volcanic hazards and risk in Italy. Sedimentary rocks and processes - sedimentary environments; sedimentary processes – sedimentary stage of the rock cycle (weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, burial, and diagenesis); sedimentary basins; classification of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical/evaporite, biochemical, organic/carbon compounds); sedimentary structures and facies; the principles of stratigraphy and the Italian Guide to Stratigraphic classification and terminology. Metamorphic rocks and processes - causes of metamorphism; type of metamorphism: regional, contact, burial, seafloor (hydrothermally altered), impact, cataclastic; grade of metamorphism, metamorphic facies; metamorphic structures and textures (fabric); classification of low-grade metamorphic rock by protolith (-meta, -ortho, -para); classification of metamorphic rocks by texture (foliated, granoblastic, porphyroblastic rocks), by bulk chemical composition; (pelitic /clay-aluminous minerals, quartzo-feldspathic, calcareous, mafic, magnesian, ferruginous, manganiferous); classification of metamorphic rocks by mineral composition (qualifier terms); plate tectonics and metamorphism Marine and coastal environment, processes and deposits - coastal environment (coastal forms, coastal erosion problems); tidal and subtidal environments, continental shelf environment; evaporite environment (Messinian salinity crisis); terrigenous-siliciclastic environment (turbidites deposits); carbonate environment (platform, reef, barrier reef, mound, atoll); deep-sea environment. Weathering - the main factors controls on weathering; chemical weathering (hydrolysis, dissolution, oxidation), carbon dioxide, weathering, and the climate system; physical weathering and erosion; the residue of weathering eluvial deposits, soil formation; plate tectonic, erosion cycle and planation surfaces. Mass Wasting (gravitational processes) deposits and landform: deposits produced primarily by gravitational processes (debris cone and talus), landslides, mass movements classification (Cruden & Varnes, 1996), the IFFI Project (Italian Landslide Inventory) landslide hazard and risk. Slope deposits and landform made by gravity and running water: floods and instability phenomena related to the action of surface waters; rain splash and sheet erosion, rill, and gully erosion, accelerated soil erosion, soil loss, badlands, colluvial deposits, fan cone, alluvial fan, mud fan, soil creep and solifluction. Stream deposits and landform: drainage network, drainage basin; drainage patterns, stream valley, and channels types; stream waters flow (laminar and turbulent); sediment erosion, transport (bed load, suspended load, saltation) and deposition ( grain size, velocity relationship graph); primary sediment bedforms (dunes and ripples); deltas types (lobate, estuarine, arcuate, bird’s foot); the longitudinal profile, graded stream, and base levels concept; alluvial fan; fluvial terraces; continental carbonate deposits (calcareous tufa), lake deposits; stream discharge; flood; flood recurrence interval; flood hazard and risk. Wind deposits processes environments, and landforms - wind as erosion, transport, and deposition agent; wind belts and atmospheric circulation; wind strength; wind sediments particle size, windblown dust, sand; loess; sandblasting and deflation; desert pavement; desert landforms; the wind environment (hot desert, glacial outwash plain, coast affected by predominantly onshore winds), major desert area in the world; desert weathering; playa lakes and evaporite; desert landscape, pediment; soil loss and desertification. Karst deposits, forms, and processes - karst and pseudokarst processes; factors affecting karst processes; sketch of a typic karst system (exokarst, epikarst endokarst, vadose and saturated zone) main karst landforms (karren, limestone pavement, sinkhole/doline, uvala, Poje, Foibe, Cockpit, karst towers, hum disappearing or sinking streams/dry valley, blind valley, ponor, caverns/caves); the cycle of erosion in a karst topography; karst deposit/speleothems (stalactites stalagmites, columns); karst landscape and inventories (caves and sinkholes) in Italy, hazard and risk in karst areas. Glacial processes, landscape, and deposits: ice as a rock; valley glaciers, continental glaciers; glacial budgets (accumulation and ablation); glacial flow, plastic flow, basal slip, valley glaciers, glacial erosional landforms (U-shaped valley, cirque, horn, arete, hanging valley, fjord, roche montonee, glacial striations); glacial deposits (till, moraine), outwash plain and water-laid deposits and landforms (karner, kettles, eskers, drumlins, varve); permafrost; glaciation and sea-level change; glaciation and graded stream profile change. The geologic record of glaciations, proxy data. Climate change – climate forcing, components of the climate system: internal (plate tectonics, orogen, volcanic activity, seafloor spreading, greenhouse gases and aerosols, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, biotic and anthropic factors, albedo) and external (solar forcing/solar input – solar activity and Milankovitch cycles,), radiation balance, and long term climatic variations; climatic proxies; timing and extent of Proterozoic glaciations; catastrophic climate change (deep impacts, supervolcano eruptions, continental food basalts/traps); major Phanerozoic mass extinctions; interactions between the plate tectonic and climate system; greenhouse and icehouse oceanic circulation; quaternary glaciation; climate change during the Holocene, the younger dryas; the little ice Age (LIA); greenhouse effect and climate changes induced by anthropic. Exercises (16 h) During the course theoretical/practical exercises will be carried out on: Acquisition and management of geological data: notes on territorial information systems and open source GIS; the INSPIRE Protocol, the national geoportal, and the regional portals. -Reading the forms of the survey through the topographical maps of the Military Geographical Institute (IGM) and the Regional Technical Maps (CTR) - Macroscopic recognition of the main types of rocks; - Examples of representation on geological maps of the main types of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks and the main tectonic elements; - Construction and interpretation of topographic and geological profiles; - Use topographic, geological, and geothematic maps to frame the physical characteristics of a limited territorial portion. Attendance is recommended, but in the case of impediments, students could contact the teacher to receive assistance for the preparation of the exam. (reference books) Presentazioni delle lezioni e materiale didattico integrativo Presentations of the lessons and supplementary teaching material All the presentations of the lessons, lecture notes and other supplementary teaching materials can be downloaded from the moodle platform. The material is protected by a password that will be provided to students attending the course (the password to open the files can be requested at any time from the teacher by sending an email to sermad@unitus.it specifying year of attendance, matriculation and course) Recommended texts GROTZINGER J., JORDAN T.H, PRESS F., SIEVER R. - Understanding Earth - W.H Freeman and Company New York GISOTTI G.- Le unità di paesaggio - Analisi geomorfologica per la pianificazione territoriale e urbanistica- Dario Flacovio Editore ISTITUTO GEOGRAFICO MILITARE - Italia - Atlante dei Tipi Geografici Editore: Istituto Geografico Militare Edizione: 2004 Scaricabile gratuitamente dal sito: http://www.igmi.org/pubblicazioni/atlante_tipi_geografici/index.php . MINISTERO DELL’AMBIENTE- I Quaderni Habitat - Collana - 24 volumi scaricabili gratuitamente dal sito: https://www.minambiente.it/pagina/i-quaderni-habitat-collana Progetto CARG - Cartografia geologica e geotematica -Linee guida per la realizzazione della Carta Geologica e Geotematica alla scala 1:50.000 Quaderno n1 e n 3 scaricabile gratuitamente dal sito: http://www.apat.gov.it/site/it-IT/Progetti/Progetto_CARG_-_Cartografia_geologica_e_geotematica/Linee_guida/	6	GEO/02	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
119252 - Ecologia e Conservazione degli ecosistemi montani - Capizzi Dario	6	BIO/07	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16978 - Optional subjects	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA
18150 - Botany and princilples of plant ecology (objectives) Knowledge of the plant cell in relation to plant structure and functions. Understanding of anatomical-functional differences between Conifers, dicot and monocot Angiosperms . Compare the reproductive cycles of mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms. The phenotype and its modifications according to the environment. - Di Filippo Alfredo (syllabus) The rise of Life on Earth. Plant evolution. Miller experience. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. Autotrophy and heterotrophy. Unicellular and multicellular organisms. Innovation through the affirmation of cellular functions. Structure and functions of the plant cell and its organelles: Plastids: types of plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leukoplasts, amyloplasts, etioplasts), structure and relative functions. Origin from proplastids. Chloroplasts: structure (thylacoids, grain, stroma) in relation to the main reactions involved in chlorophyll photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). Vacuole. Role of vacuole in cellular metabolism, in water economics and in cellular relaxation processes. Water relations: the water potential and the factors that determine it. Movement of water between cells. The cell wall, its constituents and structure. Assembly of the primary wall. Movement of water and solutes in relation to the wall. The wall and the growth by distension of the cell. The secondary wall. Wall modifications (suberification, cutinization, lignification, mineralization). Plasmodesmata. Higher plant anatomy. Growth by division, relaxation and differentiation. Dedifferentiation and cellular totipotency. Tissues: classification and cell types of the various tissues. Meristematic and mature tissues. Main types of tissues and their characteristics. Structure and functions of the root in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. The root system. Apex, structure and function of radical meristems. Quiescent center, positive geotropism, statoliths. Primary structure (actinostele). Formation of the secondary structure. Origin of the lateral roots. Shoot morphology and anatomy in Angiosperms and Gimnosperms. The bud: vegetative and floral buds; terminal and lateral buds; dormant buds. Knots and internodes. The meristems in the bud. Origin of the vascular bundles. Eustele and atactostele. Origin structure and functioning of the cribro-vascular cambium. Secondary structure of the stem. Annual rings. Structure of homoxylous and heteroxylous wood. Ring porous and diffuse porous wood. Heartwood and sapwood. Origin of the structure and functions of the cork cambium. Periderm and Lenticels. Morphology and anatomy of the leaf of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. The petiole and the leaf blade. Simple and compound leaves. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mesophyll leaves. Double-sided, equifacial and single-sided leaves; plagiotropic, orthotropic and needle-like leaves. The stomata and the factors that determine the opening and closing mechanism. The hydatodes. Transpiration and chlorophyll photosynthesis in relation to the structure of the leaf. The rise of water in the xylem: the cohesion-tension theory. Phloem loading and photosyntate transport . Propagation and reproduction systems in plants. Alternation between generations (gametophyte, sporophyte) and reproductive cells (spores and gametes). Main characteristics and reproduction cycle of non-vascular embryophytes (moss and liver). Main characteristics and reproduction cycle of some phyla of vascular embryophytes: phylum Pterophyta (ferns) phylum Conipherophyta (conifers) phylum Antophyta (angiosperms) Ovule and seed. Seed structure in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Hypogeal and epigeal germination. Environmental factors favoring seed germination. Flower structure in plants. The fruit. From ovary to pericarp. Dried and fleshy fruits, dehiscent and indehiscent. Simple fruits, aggregates, compounds, false fruits. Fruit dispersion mode (anemocora, zoocora, hydrocora, etc.). Summary of evolutionary theory. Natural and artificial selection, selective pressure, adaptation, fitness, evolution. Genotype and phenotype. Divergent and convergent evolution; coevolution. The concept of species, subspecies, ecotype; the cultivar. Taxa of infraspecific and higher rank. Taxonomy and systematics; the Linnaeus binomial, the systematic categories, notes on the formation of phylogenetic trees. The ecology. The interactions between plants and their environment. Ecological abiotic factors in relation to plant metabolism: light, temperature, water, essential nutrients. Morphological adaptations to different environmental contexts: hygromorphism and xeromorphism. (reference books) Suggested Textbooks: Pasqua et al. Botanica generale e diversità vegetale Ed. Piccin. Raven, Evert, Eichorn. BIOLOGIA DELLE PIANTE VI edizione (No precedenti!) Zanichelli. Evert, Eichhorn. Biologia delle piante di Raven. Zanichelli. Mauseth. Botanica. Fondamenti di biologia delle piante. Idelson-Gnocchi	7	BIO/03	48	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
18126 - Physics - piemontese luigi (syllabus) All the arguments are included in the area of introductory studies. Physics and measurement Fundamental and derived quantities. Units of measurement. The international System of units (SI system). Dimensional analysis. Convertion of units. Scientific notation. Order-of-magnitude calculations. Vector and scalar quantities. Kinematics Coordinate systems. Position and trajectory. Average and instantaneous velocity. Average and instantaneous, centripetal and tangential acceleration. Motion diagrams. One-dimensional motion. Rectilinear motion. One-dimensional motion at a constant velocity. One-dimensional motion at a constant acceleration. Freely falling objects. Two-dimensional motion. Parabolic motion. Periodic motion, period and frequency. Simple harmonic motion. Uniform circular motion. Angular position, velocity and acceleration. Relation between angular and linear quantities. Dynamics: forces and laws of motion The concept of force. Newton's laws. Gravitational force. Mass and weight. Translational Equilibrium. Normal force. Centripetal force. Elastic force. Force of static and kinetic friction. Dynamics: energy and work Work done by a force. Kinetic energy and work-kinetic energy theorem. Conservative forces and potential energy. Mechanical energy and its conservation. Work of non-conservative forces. Concept of power. Linear momentum and collisions Impulse and linear momentum. Isolated systems and linear momentum conservation. Elastic and inelastic collisions in one dimension. Statics Conditions of static equilibrium. Examples of rigid object in static equilibrium. Levers. The center of mass and the center of gravity. Hydrostatics Density. Pressure. Pascal's law. Variation of pressure with depth. Archimede's principle. Fluid dynamics Ideal fluid. Flow rate. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli's equation. Applications of Bernoulli's equation.	6	FIS/01	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
119253 - Rilievo del territorio
- Laboratorio di sistemi informativi territoriali (objectives) The course is 56 hours long (7 CFU) and iams to introduce students at the basis of cartography, especially at the usage of geographic information systems. During the course, history of cartography, traditional definitions and concepts of cartography will be provided (types of maps, scale, projection systems, etc.) as well as issues about digital cartography (rasters, vectors). Base knowledge of querying territorial information systems will be given, in order to edit a personal SIT. At the end of the course, the student has to be familiar with the main softwares of digital cartography, web GIS, and Web Map Service systems. - VESSELLA Federico (syllabus) • HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY o The philosophy of maps o The first representations of space o The world of Sumeri, Assyrians and Babylonians o The world according to ancient Greeks o The pragmatism of Roman culture o Tolomeo and his geography o The Medieval symbology o Flat vs Spherical Earth o The cartography from Medieval to Reinaissance o Mercator and the Dutch School o The longitudinal question o The new planispheres o Cassini, the 18th century and the "Carte de la France" o The military topography maps o History of Urban and Rural Cadastres o The scientific cartography after the 1750 o Alternative cartogeaphic projections o Speculations about cartographic stereotypes • IGM, CTR o Cartography at 100.000 and its subdivisions o The Technical Regional Map 1:10.000 • Territorial Informative Systems (TIS) o Introduction and basic definitions o What is a TIS o What is a map o The Earth shape: sphere, ellipsoid, geoid o Coordinate system:Latitude, Longitude and Cartesian system o Reference systems: global, local and geographical projections o Scales o Types of maps o Digital representations: vectors and rasters o Geographis Information Systems (GIS) and Territorial Informative Systems (TIS) o TIS applications o Introduction to GIS apps: functions and potentialities o GIS components o Introduction to online visualization softwares o Web Map Services (WMS) o Google Earth: basic and advanced functions • QGIS OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE o Introduction o The environment: desktop and main functions o The useful plug-ins o Intriduction to vectors and rasters models o Editing o Attribute tables: management and editing o Production of tematic maps (reference books) Slides and research materials supplied by the teacher (uploaded on Moodle)	7	AGR/10	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Cartografia e rilievo del territorio - Derived from 16964-2 Costruzioni, rilievo e rappresentazione del territorio in ambiente montano in SCIENZE DELLA MONTAGNA (L-25 Rieti) L-25 Ripa Maria Nicolina (syllabus) Survey and representation of the territory Reference surfaces, angle, distance, elevation, height difference, slope. Notes on the operations of relief Measurement of angles and distances. Planimetric survey methods: intersections, open and closed polygons. Detail relief. Elevation survey methods: leveling. Graphic rendering of the relief: quoted plan, level curve plan. GNSS system: General information, operating principles, methods of carrying out the survey using GNSS. Earth observation systems Principles of remote sensing, main Earth Observation missions, analysis of remote sensing images Review of the main cartographic projection systems. (reference books) Educational material available on the Moodle platform	7	AGR/10	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
119259 - Metereologia e climatologia - Baldi Marina (syllabus) A. Meteorology - Meteorology vs Climatology - Brief history of Meteorology - Structure and composition of the atmosphere - The physical parameters of the Atmosphere: o Temperature o Humidity o Mass, density o Transitions of state o Pressure and Pressure Variations - Air in motion: o Introduction to winds (formation, observation, representation) o Forces in the atmosphere. Geostrophic wind; Gradient wind o The general circulation of the atmosphere. Global-scale winds. o Air masses and fronts - Clouds: formation and classification - Hydrometeors - The planetary boundary layer and turbulence (hints) - Air stability (hints). - Mid-latitudes Cyclones - Regional and local circulation, effects of orography - Alpine weather - Tools for meteorology: ground stations, sondes, satellites, radar - Tools for meteorology: numerical models o Global, regional, local, deterministic, probabilistic models - Forecasting and nowcasting: what is/isn't possible to forecast and what are the limits (forecast uncertainty) B. Climatology - Brief history of the study of climate change - Elements of climatology and climate change - Radiative budget and the greenhouse effect - Extreme events - Tools for climatology: databases and climate models - The IPCC-AR6 Climate Atlas. - Environmental policies and international negotiations as tools for addressing the climate emergency (reference books) AHRENS C.D., and R. Henson. Meteorology today, An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, Cengage Learning, 13th Ed. (Used copies are fine. All these editions are virtually the same but are repackaged each year by the publisher.) To further explore the subject: HOLTON J.R., An introduction to dynamic meteorology, Academic Press, 1992. STULL R.B., Practical Meteorology: An Algebra-based Survey of Atmospheric Science, 2017 (free at: https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/books/Practical_Meteorology) WALLACE J.M. & HOBBS P.V., Atmospheric Sciences an introductory survey, Academic Press, 2006. In italian: CORIGLIANO A., Meteorologia Volumi 1-8. Ronca Editore (acquistabili qui: http://www.roncaeditore.it/site/index.php/collana-atmosfera) ALPINE WEATHER MICHELETTI S., G. MARIGO, R. PELOSINI:Meteorologia Alpina, AINEVA, 2010 Publicly available at: http://meteo.provincia.bz.it/downloads/meteorologia_alpina.pdf (in italian) CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE AHRENS C.D., and R. Henson. Meteorology today, An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, Cengage Learning, 13th Ed. (le edizioni sono tutte molto simili, quindi si può optare ance per una versione antecedente - usata - a minor costo) GIORGI F., L'uomo e la farfalla, Franco Angeli Ed, 2018	6	FIS/06	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA
18156 - Informatic and statistics skills (objectives) Provide the statistical bases for understanding and describing phenomena and knowing how to draw an experiment with its interpretation. Provide students with tools for using Office programs (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) for their correct use to write a thesis or a scientific work, to process the data and graphs that represent them. - PAGNOTTA Mario augusto (syllabus) Application of software for processing a text. With particular reference to text revisions and the use of cross references (summary). Applying software for the use of a spreadsheet and data processing. Features, Sort Data, Cross References, Creating Charts. Events, and random variable; Population and statistical sample; Sampling procedures; Probability random density distribution models of random variables and some sample statistics of random variables; Quantiles. Continuous variability, variance and mean; Null hypothesis and statistical test; Statistical tests within and between samples; Probability of Simple Events and Compound Events; Test of Chi square; Normal distribution; Correlation and Regression; Experimental design (Split-plot, RBD, Factorial); Analysis of Variance. Comparison among means. (reference books) Whitlock MM, Schluter D (2010) Analisi statistica dei dati biologici. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna. ISBN 978-88-08-06297 files	6		48	-	-	-	Other activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
18158 - Plant genetics (objectives) Get the basic concepts to understand the hereditary mechanisms and genetic bases useful in the evolution of populations and in the management and protection of mountainous and non-mountainous territory. - PAGNOTTA Mario augusto (syllabus) Cell cycle and divisions; Chromosome bases of inheritance; Ontogenetic cycles; Determining sex; Mendel's Experiments; Multiple alleles, dominance coding, genetic interactions; Genetic maps; Chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids; Structure of the chromosome; Central dogma; DNA Replication; Transcription, role of regulatory sequences, (exons, introns); Genetic code; Translation and protein synthesis; Gene, chromosomal and genomic mutations; Adjustment of gene expression; Quantitative genetics; Inheritance in the broad sense and in the strict sense, response to selection; Population genetics, Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium; Evolutionary factors: mutations, gene flow, selection and genetic drift; Their action on Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium. (reference books) Genetica agraria. Genetica e bitecnologie per l'agricoltura di Franco Lorenzetti, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Daniele Rosellini e F. Veronesi (31 dic. 2012) Griffiths A.J.F, Miller JH, Suzuki DT, Lewontin RC, Gelbart WM, (2002) Genetica: principi di analisi formale. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna. ISBN 978-88-08-17590-8.	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
119254 - Gestione forestale
- Dendrologia e dasologia - SCHIRONE Bartolomeo	7	AGR/05	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Selvicoltura - PIOVESAN Gianluca (syllabus) The course consists of lectures, seminars and exercises held in the laboratory and in the woods. The forest ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic components of the environment. The trophic structure of the ecosystem. The flow of energy. Energy balance, net radiation, food chains. Definition of forest. The measurement of the forest area. Global Forest Watch. 2030 Agenda and sustainable forest management. Biomass and productivity. Biogeochemical cycles. The cycles at various levels of scale. Distribution of plants in relation to the water and heat balance of the station. Macroclimate, mesoclimate and microclimate. The climates of the Earth, climate changes. Bioclimate and bioclimatic indices. Phytoclimatic classifications. Forest climate: influence of forest cover on light, heat, wind and water. The biotic component of the forest ecosystem. Tree, population, community: space-time structure, intra- and interspecific competition (habitat, niche) and positive ecosystem relations (mutualism). The structure and composition of forest stands. The dynamics of vegetation: the successions. Theories on the dynamism of forest vegetation, the concept of climax, successional models. Disturbing factors and successions. Old-growth forests: a laboratory for the study of natural dynamics and processes and a model for silviculture. Structure and dynamics of the structural stages of a forest. Elements of phytometry and dendrometry. Methods for measuring the size of trees and for studying the compositional and structural characteristics of forest stands. Dendroauxometry: - methods for the measurement of the volume increment. Introduction to forestry. The state of forests in the world and in Europe (Forest Europe). Biodiversity, forest products, and ecosystem services. Natura 2000, habitat and main Italian forest types. Concepts of site and biocoenosis. Site diagnosis; forest types and productivity of stands. Hints of forest monitoring: bioindicators. Forms of forest management: high forest, coppice. Natural regeneration. Even aged management; clear cuts and shelterwood systems. Forest thinnings. Uneven aged high forest: analysis of stand parameters in relation to the site and silvicultural objectives. Single tree selection, Plenter system, close to nature forestry. The conversion of coppice into high forest. Conversion by natural evolution, indirect method, direct method. Forest management in protected areas: forestry with low environmental impact; forest restoration. Mitigation of the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. Special forestry: the treatment of the main tree species of Apennine interest. Notes on regional forest regulations and laws. (reference books) Marco Paci. Ecologia forestale. Edagricole. Orazio La Marca. Elementi di dendrometria. Patron Editore. Mario Capelli. Selvicoltura generale. Edagricole. Bernetti Giovanni. Selvicoltura speciale. Utet Bernetti, G., Pividori, M., & Del Favero, R. (2012). Selvicoltura produttiva: manuale pratico. Edagricole.	7	AGR/05	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16974 - Plant diversity (objectives) Acquisition of knowledge on plant diversity at the level of the highest taxonomic ranks. Correct use of the scientific names of plant taxa. Use of species identification techniques. Acquisition of the ability to recognize in the field the most common families of angiosperms of the Italian flora. - CANCELLIERI Laura (syllabus) - Introduction to the course. Introduction to botany. Botany is the science that studies plant organisms. Study of plant diversity. - Concept of species, systematics, and taxonomy. Methods of classification. Artificial and natural classification systems. Analogy and homology. The taxonomic ranks. The species: morphological concept and biological concept. Phylogenetic classification. Nomenclature. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Main and secondary ranks. Subspecies, varieties, and cultivars. Main rules of the code. Taxon of hybrid origin. Speciation in plants. Polyploid speciation. Apomixis or Agamospermia. Introgression. - Prokaryotes: Cyanobacteria: outline of cytology, motility, heterocysts. Biological fixation of nitrogen. Systematics. Ecological and evolutionary importance. Cyanobacteria in the mountains. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic tallophytes. Reproduction. Algae: microalgae and macroalgae (notes on general characters and ecology). Reproduction in algae. Freshwater algae. Algae and eutrophication. - Mushrooms: Distinctive characters, elements of morphology, and reproduction. Main phyla (Zygomycota, Myxomycota, Chytridiomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota). Ecological importance. Yeasts. Lichens. Mycorrhizae. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic tallophytes. Emergence from the water. Phylogenetic relationships between the main groups of terrestrial plants. The great stages in the evolution of plant organisms. Paleobotany. - Bryophytes: Musci, Hepaticae, Anthocerotae; bryophytes as bioindicators. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (2nd part). Vascular plants without seeds or pteridophytes: general characters, diagnostic characters, reproduction, hints of systematics (and ecology): Lycophytes, Monilophytes (Psilotopsida, Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida with examples and observation of fresh material). - Vascular plants with seeds: Gymnosperms: outline of general diagnostic characters, of systematics (and ecology). The angiosperms: general characteristics; diversity and hints on evolution; evolution of the floral morphology; the fruit; hints of systematics; Comparison between the “classical” (Cronquist's system) and molecular (APG- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) subdivision into families. Main families of herbaceous plants of the Italian flora (according to APG), diagnostic characters, and examples of genera and species (ecology and distribution). - basal angiosperms (Nymphaeaceae) - the archaic angiosperms (Magnoliids: Aristolochiaceae, Magnoliaceae). - Monocotyledons: Alliaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae s.s., Iridaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae. - Eu-dicotyledons: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae. Orobancaceae. - identification of vascular plants. The identification keys and their use: the Flora of Italy (Pignatti), the Portal to the flora of Italy 2020.1. - Notes on Italian vascular flora: native f and allochthonous flora, notes on ranges and biological forms. - Erbari, the Herbarium of Tuscia. How to make a personal herbarium. (reference books) Libro principale: • Pasqua G., Abbate G., Forni C., ultima edizione - Botanica generale e diversità vegetale. Piccin. • Y. Fragnière et al. – “Connaissances botaniques de base en un coup d’oeil” – Ulmer	6	BIO/03	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

17009 - English language B2	6		48	-	-	-		ITA
119752 - Glaciologia e nivologia - Pecci Massimo	3	GEO/04	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119753 - Legislazione forestale a ambientale - Derived from 118632 Economia, estimo e legislazione forestale in Gestione sostenibile delle foreste e del verde urbano L-25 (docente da definire)	4	IUS/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

119858 - Machines, tools and techniques for urban greenery

- Derived from 119858 Macchine, strumenti e tecniche per il verde urbano in Gestione digitale dell’agricoltura e del territorio montano LM-73 LM-73 BIANCHINI Leonardo

3

AGR/09

24

-

ITA

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
17682 - Principles of chemistry (objectives) Il percorso formativo prevede insegnamenti finalizzati all'approfondimento dei vari settori della chimica. L'obiettivo formativo è quello di fornire allo studente una buona conoscenza delle varie possibilità applicative della chimica intesa come scienza che studia le proprietà dei materiali sia naturali sia artificiali. Una preparazione, inoltre, che consenta di interpretare correttamente il complesso linguaggio della chimica. Le nozioni di base acquisite durante le prime fasi del corso serviranno poi ad articolare un ulteriore percorso formativo orientato verso le tematiche ambientali, del territorio e alle tecnologie chimiche sostenibili. - Pietrelli Loris	8	CHIM/06	64	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18125 - Mathematic (objectives) Knowledge of the contents of Mathematics aimed at understanding the other applicative subjects foreseen in the course of studies. - Chiaretti Mauro (syllabus) Integer, Rational and Real Numbers. Equalities and Inequalities. Proportions and Percentages. Powers and Roots with Integer or Rational Exponent. Logarithms and Exponentials. The Cartesian Plane. The Straight Line in the Cartesian Plane. Goniometry: Goniometric Functions and their Properties. Trigonometry: Right Triangles, Triangles: Sine Theorem and Carnot's Theorem. Algebraic, Irrational, Goniometric, Logarithmic, Exponential Equations and Inequalities. The Absolute Value. Functions: Definitions and Properties. Functions of a Real Variable. The Elementary Functions. Limits. Properties of Limits. Calculation of Limits. Continuous Functions. Derivatives. The Derivative of a Function. Operations with Derivatives: Derivation of Sum, Product, Quotient of Functions. Derivative of a Composition. Derivative of the Inverse Function. Derivation rules. Theorems of Rolle, Cauchy and Lagrange. De l'Hôpital's theorem. Graph of a function. Maximum, Minimum and Horizontal Inflections. Growth and Decrease. Concavity and Convexity. Inflection Points. Asymptotes. Integrals. The Definite Integral. Properties of the Integral and the Average Value. The Fundamental Theorem. Indefinite Integral. Elementary Integrals. Integration by Parts. Integration by Substitution. Integration of Rational Functions. Elements of linear algebra. Vectors: Sum, Difference, Scalar Multiplication, Scalar Product and Vector (Cross) Product. Matrices. Matrix Operations: Sum and Difference, Scalar Multiplication, Matrix Multiplication. Linear Systems. Determinants. Cramer's Theorem. System with parameters. Matrix Rank. Rouché-Capelli’s Theorem. (reference books) D’Ancona, Piero; Manetti, Marco: Istituzioni di Matematiche	6	MAT/05	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18127 - General Biology (objectives) Acquisition of the basis for understanding the living world, knowledge of cell types, and fundamental processes taking place at the cell level (transcription, translation, energy metabolism, etc.). Attendance at lectures and participation in laboratory exercises will allow the student to acquire basic knowledge of General Biology. Specifically, the student will be able to: • Know the current theories regarding the origin of life. Know the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • Know the main evolutionary theories that can explain the evolution of living beings. • Know the structure of nucleic acids and DNA replication. • Know the main processes related to the transmission of characters • Know the main processes related to energy metabolism in autotrophs and heterotrophs. - MATTEI Vincenzo (syllabus) THE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Weak bonds and their role for the stability of biological macromolecules. Water: chemical characteristics and biological importance The biological molecules: monosaccharides - reserve and structural carbohydrates lipids nucleotides - notes on the structure of nucleic acids amino acids - proteins: structural organization and function STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND DNA REPLICATION hints on DNA replication and repair. From DNA to proteins: DNA transcription and translation mechanisms. EVOLUTION OF THE CELL Levels of organization and characteristics of living organisms. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Hypothesis on the origins of life. Characteristics of animal, plant, bacterial and virus cells. THE PLASMATIC MEMBRANE The plasma membrane (properties and functions). The membrane potential. Electrochemical gradient. Osmosis. Transport of substances across membranes: Diffusion, passive and active transport. Sodium - potassium pump. Endocytosis and exocytosis. FINE STRUCTURE OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL Membranous systems (endoplasmic reticles and ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes) mitochondria (function and morphology) Notes on chloroplasts Nuclear compartment (carioteca, nucleolus, chromosomes): Cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments) THE CELL CYCLE The phases of the cell cycle. Mitosis. Meiosis: general description - differences between meiosis and mitosis Crossing-over - Gametogenesis - egg and sperm cell - Fertilization - Acrosome process - Embryogenesis - Cell development and differentiation: model organisms - Stem cells CELL ENERGETICS Glycolysis, krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. INHERITANCE (LAWS OF MENDEL) Notes on Mendel's Laws: purity of gametes, segregation, independence. Chance. Dominance relationships: multiple alleles; Genotype and environment: penetrance, expressiveness. LABORATORY ACTIVITIES Basic knowledge of the research laboratory immortalized cell cultures and primary cells. Cell study methods (light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry). Pollen: the aerobiological monitoring center. Molecular biology techniques: DNA extraction and PCR (reference books) All the slides used during the lessons are available ONLINE on UNITUS MOODLE. The book below is suggested as an example but students can still use other university-level texts as well. The recommended text is available and can be consulted at the library of the Polo di Rieti "Sabina Universitas" - Bruce Alberts et al. Zanichelli Editore: The essentials of the molecular biology of the cell. fourth edition	6	BIO/01	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
18169 - English language (objectives) English level B1 At this level you can understand: Main points on common topics at work, school, or traveling General and specific details given clear speech Factual texts on subjects of interest - MIDOSSI Maria grazia (syllabus) PROGRAM: Analysis of the salient features of the B1 level of the CEFR GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX: - interrogative forms - possessive and Saxon genitive - Personal pronouns subject - frequency adverbs - comparative and superlative degree of adjectives - relative pronouns - countable and uncountable nouns - main prepositions of time and place - main conjunctions - main verbs + prepositions (Phrasal Verbs) - Present Simple / Present Continuous - Past Simple - Habits in the past: USED TO - Present Perfect - future ("going to", "will" and "Present Continuous") - conditional: type 0 - conditional: type 1 + time subordinates (when, after, etc. + Present Simple) - modal verbs (can, could, must, will, would, should) - have to, don't need to - conditional: type 2 - progressive past (Past Continuous) - future expressed with the simple present - passive form of verbs - indirect speech - position and order of adjectives - verbs with infinity and gerund LEXICON: - physical description of people - relationships (family) - personality - the House - weather - hobbies, sports and leisure - means of transport and holidays - clothing and shops COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS: - talk about your habits and hobbies - talk about the family - request / give information: date and time - talk about the weather - describe people and talk about feelings - to be / disagree - understand / write short messages - understand / write an informal letter - talk about future programs - talk about past experiences - thank and respond to thanks SPECIFIC MICROLINGUA: Presentation of scientific texts. Topics and texts will be specifically defined during the course and will focus on the following aspects: Agriculture (reference books) 1. M. Mann, S. T. Knowles, Destination B1 Grammar & Vocabulary : With Answer Key, Macmillan 2. Kenny, A. Kelly, Ready for Pet coursebook with key, MacMillan,File 3. Murphy, English Grammar in Use Book with Answers and Interactive eBook: Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Learners of English, Cambridge	6		48	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
18149 - Geology (objectives) The course has three main objectives: 1) to provide some fundamental elements of Earth Sciences aimed at understanding the evolution of the Earth's system and its dynamic character; 2) provide basic notions for the interpretation and use of geological data available at national and regional level (for non-geological professionals); 3) highlight the multiple hazards and geological risk factors that characterize the national territory. Taking into account that the application of the European INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe) directive implemented in Italy with Legislative Decree 32/2010, has completely changed the management and distribution of territorial data and, in particular, geological data. The course also provides indications on how to use the geothematic data made available by standard OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) services, of the leading national and regional geoportals, which have become the main (and often the only) source of information and acquisition of such data. 1) knowledge and understanding At the end of the training activity the student will acquire knowledge on the main dynamic processes affecting the terrestrial system, on the hazard and risk factors associated with them and will be able to understand the terminology and symbols used in geological maps, as well as to have the basic knowledge necessary to acquire geological data from the leading national and regional geoportals 2) applying knowledge and understanding. At the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate that he can perform a search for geothematic data (and in particular those relating to geological cartography) made available by the leading national and regional geoportals and to use them to carry out a brief description of the physical characteristics of the territory with particular reference to its geological hazard factors and relative risk. 3) making judgements. Through the examples proposed during the lessons and the exercises, the student must be able to evaluate the quality of the geological data acquired or the limits related to their use in territorial studies. He must also be able to correctly cite the source of information obtained to distinguish bibliographic data from his interpretations clearly. 4) communication skills. The student must acquire a primary technical language relating to the topics covered during the lessons and exercises to be able to dialogue with professionals and experts engaged in environmental, territorial analysis, management, and design. Communication skills will be verified during the ongoing tests and during the final exam. 5) learning skills The student will have to demonstrate that he possesses the essential notions to be able to carry out a general analysis of the geological data available (on a limited territorial area), and also to be able to acquire further knowledge. Then acquire data for a more in-depth analysis of specific, variable aspects depending on the local characteristics and, therefore, also different from those treated in the examples considered during the course and exercises. - MADONNA Sergio (syllabus) Lezioni (32h) Introduction -geology, economy and sustainable development; natural reserve and resources; geologic hazard and risk; global changes and local catastrophes; the Italian territory's fragility from hazard to risk; Hydrogeological instability, and the role of forest vegetation for soil and water conservation. An overview on geologic time and its measure – the geologic record, the scientific method, the principles of geology; the Age of the Earth, the geological time scale, radiometric methods of rock dating; The Precambrian, origin, and evolution of the Earth system, planetesimals and planetoids, differentiation of the Earth's core, mantle and crust, the giant impact and the origin of the moon, the evolution of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere; The Phanerozoic, the fossils and the relative dating, chronostratigraphic and geochronological units; the broad subdivision of geological time and mass extinction events, the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICS). Earth as a system of interacting dynamic components - Earth's shape and surface (hypsographic curve); the Earth's layered structure; driving forces (internal heat, external solar input), Earth's rotation and Coriolis effect; the big Eart's cycles (atmospheric and oceanic circulation; hydrologic cycle, mantle convection and plate tectonics, the rocks cycle, the geochemical cycle); the biosphere (geobiological events in Earth's History); the cryosphere, albedo and land use; balancing the geosystems; (trigger effects and feedback). Exploring Earth's Interior - astronomical data; direct observations: surface data and deep boreholes (Kola borehole); seismic waves and seismology; internal layering and their composition; seismic tomography; Earth's gravity field, the geoid; Earth's internal heat and temperature; heat flow; the geothermal gradient; the Earth's magnetic field and its variations; paleomagnetism; Thermoremanent Magnetization (TRM), Depositional Remanent Magnetization (DRM ); magnetic stratigraphy, the paleomagnetic time scale, chrons, and sub-chrons. Seismic hazard and risk - Elastic rebound theory, fault rupture during Earthquakes, seismographs and seismogram; seismic wawes (P-Wawe, S-Wave, surface wave); hypocenter and epicenter; Richter magnitude scale; moment magnitude; modified Mercalli intensity scale; earthquake and capable fault, Itahca Project (ITaly HAzards from CApable faulting – ISPRA); earthquakes and tsunamis; seismic classification of the national territory; earthquake recurrence interval, Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes (INGV); Catalogue of the Italian Tsunamis (INGV); seismic microzonation (regional data). Minerals as the building blocks of the rocks - Minerals and crystals definitions, amorphous and crystalline minerals; crystals morphology and symmetry (systems, classes; and space groups); chemical classes of minerals; the atomic structure of minerals; physical and chemical properties of the most common rock-forming minerals; minerals and rocks main structures and textures. Introduction to the study of rocks an overview - the main groups of rocks (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic); origin, occurrence, and basic principles of their classification; the rocks in the legend of geological maps (lithostratigraphic units), the technical classification of rocks (the relationship between lithology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, and pedology). The Hydrologic cycle and groundwaters - the distribution of waters on Earth; water cycle and hydrogeological balance; water flow through soils and rocks (permeability and porosity); the groundwater table (vadose and phreatic zone); the main types of aquifers and springs; Hydrothermal waters; salinization, pollution, and the crisis of water resources. Plate tectonics and orogenic processes – plate tectonics the unifying theory; the engine of plate tectonics; the mosaic of plates; continental and oceanic crust; shields, orogens, basins (foreland basin, forearc, and backarc basin), large igneous provinces, rift zones, mid-ocean ridge (MOR), hot spots, trenches, passive margins; plate tectonic and orogenic processes (subduction and continental collision); orogenic systems (thrust belt, foreland basin, wedge top basin, foredeep, forebulge, backbulge), orogenic cycle (Wilson cycle); the geological evolution of Italy an overview. Mapping geologic units and structures – the deformation processes of the rocks; the measuring of strike and dip; rock’s deformation structure (nomenclature of the main types of folds and fault), thrusts, horst, and graben; the geologic maps legend, stratigraphic units; geologic cross-sections; tectonic units; structural maps; introduction to reading geological maps; the 1:100,000 Geological Map of Italy; The CARG project and the 1: 50,000 geological and geothematic maps of Italy; The Geological Survey of Italy Geoportal, (geomapviewer and WebGIS applications). Igneous rocks and processes: magma consolidation and magmatic differentiation processes; the chemical and mineral composition of igneous rocks, common minerals in igneous rocks; intrusive bodies; volcanoes (eruptive styles); the main igneous rocks types (basic textures, structures, geometry, and landforms); intrusive and hypabyssal (subvolcanic); Pyroclastic; Lavas - hydrothermal activity and deposits; igneous activity and plate tectonics; volcanic hazards and risk in Italy. Sedimentary rocks and processes - sedimentary environments; sedimentary processes – sedimentary stage of the rock cycle (weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, burial, and diagenesis); sedimentary basins; classification of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical/evaporite, biochemical, organic/carbon compounds); sedimentary structures and facies; the principles of stratigraphy and the Italian Guide to Stratigraphic classification and terminology. Metamorphic rocks and processes - causes of metamorphism; type of metamorphism: regional, contact, burial, seafloor (hydrothermally altered), impact, cataclastic; grade of metamorphism, metamorphic facies; metamorphic structures and textures (fabric); classification of low-grade metamorphic rock by protolith (-meta, -ortho, -para); classification of metamorphic rocks by texture (foliated, granoblastic, porphyroblastic rocks), by bulk chemical composition; (pelitic /clay-aluminous minerals, quartzo-feldspathic, calcareous, mafic, magnesian, ferruginous, manganiferous); classification of metamorphic rocks by mineral composition (qualifier terms); plate tectonics and metamorphism Marine and coastal environment, processes and deposits - coastal environment (coastal forms, coastal erosion problems); tidal and subtidal environments, continental shelf environment; evaporite environment (Messinian salinity crisis); terrigenous-siliciclastic environment (turbidites deposits); carbonate environment (platform, reef, barrier reef, mound, atoll); deep-sea environment. Weathering - the main factors controls on weathering; chemical weathering (hydrolysis, dissolution, oxidation), carbon dioxide, weathering, and the climate system; physical weathering and erosion; the residue of weathering eluvial deposits, soil formation; plate tectonic, erosion cycle and planation surfaces. Mass Wasting (gravitational processes) deposits and landform: deposits produced primarily by gravitational processes (debris cone and talus), landslides, mass movements classification (Cruden & Varnes, 1996), the IFFI Project (Italian Landslide Inventory) landslide hazard and risk. Slope deposits and landform made by gravity and running water: floods and instability phenomena related to the action of surface waters; rain splash and sheet erosion, rill, and gully erosion, accelerated soil erosion, soil loss, badlands, colluvial deposits, fan cone, alluvial fan, mud fan, soil creep and solifluction. Stream deposits and landform: drainage network, drainage basin; drainage patterns, stream valley, and channels types; stream waters flow (laminar and turbulent); sediment erosion, transport (bed load, suspended load, saltation) and deposition ( grain size, velocity relationship graph); primary sediment bedforms (dunes and ripples); deltas types (lobate, estuarine, arcuate, bird’s foot); the longitudinal profile, graded stream, and base levels concept; alluvial fan; fluvial terraces; continental carbonate deposits (calcareous tufa), lake deposits; stream discharge; flood; flood recurrence interval; flood hazard and risk. Wind deposits processes environments, and landforms - wind as erosion, transport, and deposition agent; wind belts and atmospheric circulation; wind strength; wind sediments particle size, windblown dust, sand; loess; sandblasting and deflation; desert pavement; desert landforms; the wind environment (hot desert, glacial outwash plain, coast affected by predominantly onshore winds), major desert area in the world; desert weathering; playa lakes and evaporite; desert landscape, pediment; soil loss and desertification. Karst deposits, forms, and processes - karst and pseudokarst processes; factors affecting karst processes; sketch of a typic karst system (exokarst, epikarst endokarst, vadose and saturated zone) main karst landforms (karren, limestone pavement, sinkhole/doline, uvala, Poje, Foibe, Cockpit, karst towers, hum disappearing or sinking streams/dry valley, blind valley, ponor, caverns/caves); the cycle of erosion in a karst topography; karst deposit/speleothems (stalactites stalagmites, columns); karst landscape and inventories (caves and sinkholes) in Italy, hazard and risk in karst areas. Glacial processes, landscape, and deposits: ice as a rock; valley glaciers, continental glaciers; glacial budgets (accumulation and ablation); glacial flow, plastic flow, basal slip, valley glaciers, glacial erosional landforms (U-shaped valley, cirque, horn, arete, hanging valley, fjord, roche montonee, glacial striations); glacial deposits (till, moraine), outwash plain and water-laid deposits and landforms (karner, kettles, eskers, drumlins, varve); permafrost; glaciation and sea-level change; glaciation and graded stream profile change. The geologic record of glaciations, proxy data. Climate change – climate forcing, components of the climate system: internal (plate tectonics, orogen, volcanic activity, seafloor spreading, greenhouse gases and aerosols, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, biotic and anthropic factors, albedo) and external (solar forcing/solar input – solar activity and Milankovitch cycles,), radiation balance, and long term climatic variations; climatic proxies; timing and extent of Proterozoic glaciations; catastrophic climate change (deep impacts, supervolcano eruptions, continental food basalts/traps); major Phanerozoic mass extinctions; interactions between the plate tectonic and climate system; greenhouse and icehouse oceanic circulation; quaternary glaciation; climate change during the Holocene, the younger dryas; the little ice Age (LIA); greenhouse effect and climate changes induced by anthropic. Exercises (16 h) During the course theoretical/practical exercises will be carried out on: Acquisition and management of geological data: notes on territorial information systems and open source GIS; the INSPIRE Protocol, the national geoportal, and the regional portals. -Reading the forms of the survey through the topographical maps of the Military Geographical Institute (IGM) and the Regional Technical Maps (CTR) - Macroscopic recognition of the main types of rocks; - Examples of representation on geological maps of the main types of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks and the main tectonic elements; - Construction and interpretation of topographic and geological profiles; - Use topographic, geological, and geothematic maps to frame the physical characteristics of a limited territorial portion. Attendance is recommended, but in the case of impediments, students could contact the teacher to receive assistance for the preparation of the exam. (reference books) Presentazioni delle lezioni e materiale didattico integrativo Presentations of the lessons and supplementary teaching material All the presentations of the lessons, lecture notes and other supplementary teaching materials can be downloaded from the moodle platform. The material is protected by a password that will be provided to students attending the course (the password to open the files can be requested at any time from the teacher by sending an email to sermad@unitus.it specifying year of attendance, matriculation and course) Recommended texts GROTZINGER J., JORDAN T.H, PRESS F., SIEVER R. - Understanding Earth - W.H Freeman and Company New York GISOTTI G.- Le unità di paesaggio - Analisi geomorfologica per la pianificazione territoriale e urbanistica- Dario Flacovio Editore ISTITUTO GEOGRAFICO MILITARE - Italia - Atlante dei Tipi Geografici Editore: Istituto Geografico Militare Edizione: 2004 Scaricabile gratuitamente dal sito: http://www.igmi.org/pubblicazioni/atlante_tipi_geografici/index.php . MINISTERO DELL’AMBIENTE- I Quaderni Habitat - Collana - 24 volumi scaricabili gratuitamente dal sito: https://www.minambiente.it/pagina/i-quaderni-habitat-collana Progetto CARG - Cartografia geologica e geotematica -Linee guida per la realizzazione della Carta Geologica e Geotematica alla scala 1:50.000 Quaderno n1 e n 3 scaricabile gratuitamente dal sito: http://www.apat.gov.it/site/it-IT/Progetti/Progetto_CARG_-_Cartografia_geologica_e_geotematica/Linee_guida/	6	GEO/02	32	16	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
118634 - Faunistica (objectives) The course aims to provide students with both theoretical and practical knowledge, enabling them to make a professional contribution to the planning phase of wildlife management in agro-silvo-pastoral areas. Specifically, the course intends to equip students with a fundamental understanding of: 1. Ecology applied to wildlife management; 2. The relationships and interactions between wildlife and the biotic and abiotic components of different ecosystems (agricultural, livestock, forestry, urban/peri-urban); 3. Habitat Suitability Modeling; 4. The systematics, distribution, evolutionary history, morphology, biology, ecology, and ethology of species of particular conservation or hunting interest, typically associated with mountain ecosystems; 5. Methods and techniques for population surveys, counts and estimates; 6. Problematic and/or invasive species, whether native or non-native (Alien Invasive Species); 7. Understanding the interactions between wildlife and human activities: threat factors, impacts, and mitigation methods/strategies; 8. Knowledge of the main specific regulations. The course combines theoretical lectures with practical exercises and case studies, preparing students to effectively contribute to the monitoring and sustainable management of wildlife within a complex ecosystem framework. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must demonstrate the knowledge of species of particular conservation and hunting interest, typically associated with mountain ecosystems, as well as the technical terminology of the field. Additionally, the student should have acquired a basic understanding of the fundamental principles of ecology as applied to wildlife management and population studies. This includes knowledge of monitoring techniques, population counting and abundance estimation, wildlife data analysis, interpretation of population dynamics, and understanding of conservation regulations and active management practices. The student should also grasp the concepts of biodiversity, the logical process behind selecting appropriate monitoring techniques in different environments, and the factors influencing both the distribution and abundance of species and the emergence of interactions that negatively impact human activities. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must demonstrate the ability to apply basic theoretical knowledge to practical situations in wildlife monitoring and management. This includes the skill to collect wildlife presence and abundance data both in the field and from major geoportals and informational layers. It will also be important to adapt survey methodologies to the specific characteristics of the study areas and the species being monitored. MAKING JUDGEMENTS The student must be able to make informed and autonomous decisions regarding: 1. The objectives to pursue based on the conservation status of the species, of its populations, and any interactions with human activities. 2. The most appropriate monitoring, counting, or estimation techniques under specific environmental and socio-economic conditions. 3. The determination of sustainable harvesting levels, if applicable, for huntable populations or those under demographic control. 4. The methods of population reinforcement (restocking and/or reintroduction) for populations in unfavorable conservation status. 5. The integrated eradication strategies for invasive alien species. 6. The regulations to reference in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the intervention deemed appropriate or necessary in each situation. COMMUNICATION SKILLS The student must be able to clearly and effectively communicate the study approaches, the results and implications of monitoring, the status of the studied population, and the most appropriate management strategies to various audiences, including colleagues, environmental management officials, and the general public. This includes preparing reports, presenting findings in a clear and understandable manner, and participating in discussions on topics related to wildlife conservation and management. LEARNING SKILLS The student must demonstrate the ability to learn autonomously and continuously, integrating new information and techniques in the field of wildlife monitoring and management. This includes staying updated on the latest research and methodologies, as well as undertaking additional studies and research to enhance their skills. - VIOLA PAOLO (syllabus) Frontal lessons including seminars: • Introduction to the course: hints of ecology applied to wildlife management. Definitions of species, population and metapopulation. Population parameters; • Wildlife-hunting management concepts: monitoring, wildlife inputs, sustainable harvesting; • Wildlife-hunting planning and reference legislation; • Habitat suitability modelling (HSI): general information and study methods; • Ecological models; • Environmental improvements (periodic, permanent, etc.); • Main techniques for monitoring and counting wild populations; • Systematic classification of Italian ungulates with elements of biology, ecology and management (cervids, bovids and suidae); • Systematic classification of Italian lagomorphs with elements of biology, ecology and management; • Elements of biology, ecology and management of the wolf; • Elements of biology, ecology and management of the brown bear (focus on Ursus arctos marsicanus); • Elements of birds' biology, ecology and management (focus on mountain galliformes and woodcock); • Elements of biology, ecology and management of non-native species (case studies on Myocastor coypus and Canada goose); • Human-wildlife interactions and conflicts: types of impacts and methods/strategies of contrast. Field exercises: Wildlife monitoring: participation in counting/census sessions, Wildlife captive production and ex situ conservation: visits to wildlife breeding farms. The opportunity/possibility of organizing seminars and educational activities at a) Castelporziano Presidential Estate (RM) for advanced information on Eurasian woodcock monitoring and the management of some problematic ungulates (wild boar in particular ) and b) Mezzano Valley (FE) for advanced knowledge on reintroduction and monitoring methods of a galliform species linked to traditional cereal agro-ecosystems (the case study of grey partridge - Life Perdix), will be discussed with students and the CCS. (reference books) TEXTBOOKS: o Principi e tecniche di gestione faunistico-venatoria. Edited by Alberto M. Simonetta and Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri. Greentime ed. o Manuale di gestione della fauna. Edited by Francesco Riga and Sandro Lovari. Greentime ed. MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER: PPT used during the frontal lessons and uploaded in Moodle	6	AGR/18	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
119252 - Ecologia e Conservazione degli ecosistemi montani - Capizzi Dario	6	BIO/07	48	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
16978 - Optional subjects	12		96	-	-	-	Elective activities		ITA
18150 - Botany and princilples of plant ecology (objectives) Knowledge of the plant cell in relation to plant structure and functions. Understanding of anatomical-functional differences between Conifers, dicot and monocot Angiosperms . Compare the reproductive cycles of mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms. The phenotype and its modifications according to the environment. - Di Filippo Alfredo (syllabus) The rise of Life on Earth. Plant evolution. Miller experience. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. Autotrophy and heterotrophy. Unicellular and multicellular organisms. Innovation through the affirmation of cellular functions. Structure and functions of the plant cell and its organelles: Plastids: types of plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leukoplasts, amyloplasts, etioplasts), structure and relative functions. Origin from proplastids. Chloroplasts: structure (thylacoids, grain, stroma) in relation to the main reactions involved in chlorophyll photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). Vacuole. Role of vacuole in cellular metabolism, in water economics and in cellular relaxation processes. Water relations: the water potential and the factors that determine it. Movement of water between cells. The cell wall, its constituents and structure. Assembly of the primary wall. Movement of water and solutes in relation to the wall. The wall and the growth by distension of the cell. The secondary wall. Wall modifications (suberification, cutinization, lignification, mineralization). Plasmodesmata. Higher plant anatomy. Growth by division, relaxation and differentiation. Dedifferentiation and cellular totipotency. Tissues: classification and cell types of the various tissues. Meristematic and mature tissues. Main types of tissues and their characteristics. Structure and functions of the root in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. The root system. Apex, structure and function of radical meristems. Quiescent center, positive geotropism, statoliths. Primary structure (actinostele). Formation of the secondary structure. Origin of the lateral roots. Shoot morphology and anatomy in Angiosperms and Gimnosperms. The bud: vegetative and floral buds; terminal and lateral buds; dormant buds. Knots and internodes. The meristems in the bud. Origin of the vascular bundles. Eustele and atactostele. Origin structure and functioning of the cribro-vascular cambium. Secondary structure of the stem. Annual rings. Structure of homoxylous and heteroxylous wood. Ring porous and diffuse porous wood. Heartwood and sapwood. Origin of the structure and functions of the cork cambium. Periderm and Lenticels. Morphology and anatomy of the leaf of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. The petiole and the leaf blade. Simple and compound leaves. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mesophyll leaves. Double-sided, equifacial and single-sided leaves; plagiotropic, orthotropic and needle-like leaves. The stomata and the factors that determine the opening and closing mechanism. The hydatodes. Transpiration and chlorophyll photosynthesis in relation to the structure of the leaf. The rise of water in the xylem: the cohesion-tension theory. Phloem loading and photosyntate transport . Propagation and reproduction systems in plants. Alternation between generations (gametophyte, sporophyte) and reproductive cells (spores and gametes). Main characteristics and reproduction cycle of non-vascular embryophytes (moss and liver). Main characteristics and reproduction cycle of some phyla of vascular embryophytes: phylum Pterophyta (ferns) phylum Conipherophyta (conifers) phylum Antophyta (angiosperms) Ovule and seed. Seed structure in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Hypogeal and epigeal germination. Environmental factors favoring seed germination. Flower structure in plants. The fruit. From ovary to pericarp. Dried and fleshy fruits, dehiscent and indehiscent. Simple fruits, aggregates, compounds, false fruits. Fruit dispersion mode (anemocora, zoocora, hydrocora, etc.). Summary of evolutionary theory. Natural and artificial selection, selective pressure, adaptation, fitness, evolution. Genotype and phenotype. Divergent and convergent evolution; coevolution. The concept of species, subspecies, ecotype; the cultivar. Taxa of infraspecific and higher rank. Taxonomy and systematics; the Linnaeus binomial, the systematic categories, notes on the formation of phylogenetic trees. The ecology. The interactions between plants and their environment. Ecological abiotic factors in relation to plant metabolism: light, temperature, water, essential nutrients. Morphological adaptations to different environmental contexts: hygromorphism and xeromorphism. (reference books) Suggested Textbooks: Pasqua et al. Botanica generale e diversità vegetale Ed. Piccin. Raven, Evert, Eichorn. BIOLOGIA DELLE PIANTE VI edizione (No precedenti!) Zanichelli. Evert, Eichhorn. Biologia delle piante di Raven. Zanichelli. Mauseth. Botanica. Fondamenti di biologia delle piante. Idelson-Gnocchi	7	BIO/03	48	-	8	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
18126 - Physics - piemontese luigi (syllabus) All the arguments are included in the area of introductory studies. Physics and measurement Fundamental and derived quantities. Units of measurement. The international System of units (SI system). Dimensional analysis. Convertion of units. Scientific notation. Order-of-magnitude calculations. Vector and scalar quantities. Kinematics Coordinate systems. Position and trajectory. Average and instantaneous velocity. Average and instantaneous, centripetal and tangential acceleration. Motion diagrams. One-dimensional motion. Rectilinear motion. One-dimensional motion at a constant velocity. One-dimensional motion at a constant acceleration. Freely falling objects. Two-dimensional motion. Parabolic motion. Periodic motion, period and frequency. Simple harmonic motion. Uniform circular motion. Angular position, velocity and acceleration. Relation between angular and linear quantities. Dynamics: forces and laws of motion The concept of force. Newton's laws. Gravitational force. Mass and weight. Translational Equilibrium. Normal force. Centripetal force. Elastic force. Force of static and kinetic friction. Dynamics: energy and work Work done by a force. Kinetic energy and work-kinetic energy theorem. Conservative forces and potential energy. Mechanical energy and its conservation. Work of non-conservative forces. Concept of power. Linear momentum and collisions Impulse and linear momentum. Isolated systems and linear momentum conservation. Elastic and inelastic collisions in one dimension. Statics Conditions of static equilibrium. Examples of rigid object in static equilibrium. Levers. The center of mass and the center of gravity. Hydrostatics Density. Pressure. Pascal's law. Variation of pressure with depth. Archimede's principle. Fluid dynamics Ideal fluid. Flow rate. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli's equation. Applications of Bernoulli's equation.	6	FIS/01	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
119253 - Rilievo del territorio
- Laboratorio di sistemi informativi territoriali (objectives) The course is 56 hours long (7 CFU) and iams to introduce students at the basis of cartography, especially at the usage of geographic information systems. During the course, history of cartography, traditional definitions and concepts of cartography will be provided (types of maps, scale, projection systems, etc.) as well as issues about digital cartography (rasters, vectors). Base knowledge of querying territorial information systems will be given, in order to edit a personal SIT. At the end of the course, the student has to be familiar with the main softwares of digital cartography, web GIS, and Web Map Service systems. - VESSELLA Federico (syllabus) • HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY o The philosophy of maps o The first representations of space o The world of Sumeri, Assyrians and Babylonians o The world according to ancient Greeks o The pragmatism of Roman culture o Tolomeo and his geography o The Medieval symbology o Flat vs Spherical Earth o The cartography from Medieval to Reinaissance o Mercator and the Dutch School o The longitudinal question o The new planispheres o Cassini, the 18th century and the "Carte de la France" o The military topography maps o History of Urban and Rural Cadastres o The scientific cartography after the 1750 o Alternative cartogeaphic projections o Speculations about cartographic stereotypes • IGM, CTR o Cartography at 100.000 and its subdivisions o The Technical Regional Map 1:10.000 • Territorial Informative Systems (TIS) o Introduction and basic definitions o What is a TIS o What is a map o The Earth shape: sphere, ellipsoid, geoid o Coordinate system:Latitude, Longitude and Cartesian system o Reference systems: global, local and geographical projections o Scales o Types of maps o Digital representations: vectors and rasters o Geographis Information Systems (GIS) and Territorial Informative Systems (TIS) o TIS applications o Introduction to GIS apps: functions and potentialities o GIS components o Introduction to online visualization softwares o Web Map Services (WMS) o Google Earth: basic and advanced functions • QGIS OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE o Introduction o The environment: desktop and main functions o The useful plug-ins o Intriduction to vectors and rasters models o Editing o Attribute tables: management and editing o Production of tematic maps (reference books) Slides and research materials supplied by the teacher (uploaded on Moodle)	7	AGR/10	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Cartografia e rilievo del territorio - Ripa Maria Nicolina (syllabus) Survey and representation of the territory Reference surfaces, angle, distance, elevation, height difference, slope. Notes on the operations of relief Measurement of angles and distances. Planimetric survey methods: intersections, open and closed polygons. Detail relief. Elevation survey methods: leveling. Graphic rendering of the relief: quoted plan, level curve plan. GNSS system: General information, operating principles, methods of carrying out the survey using GNSS. Earth observation systems Principles of remote sensing, main Earth Observation missions, analysis of remote sensing images Review of the main cartographic projection systems. (reference books) Educational material available on the Moodle platform	7	AGR/10	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
18156 - Informatic and statistics skills (objectives) Provide the statistical bases for understanding and describing phenomena and knowing how to draw an experiment with its interpretation. Provide students with tools for using Office programs (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) for their correct use to write a thesis or a scientific work, to process the data and graphs that represent them. - PAGNOTTA Mario augusto (syllabus) Application of software for processing a text. With particular reference to text revisions and the use of cross references (summary). Applying software for the use of a spreadsheet and data processing. Features, Sort Data, Cross References, Creating Charts. Events, and random variable; Population and statistical sample; Sampling procedures; Probability random density distribution models of random variables and some sample statistics of random variables; Quantiles. Continuous variability, variance and mean; Null hypothesis and statistical test; Statistical tests within and between samples; Probability of Simple Events and Compound Events; Test of Chi square; Normal distribution; Correlation and Regression; Experimental design (Split-plot, RBD, Factorial); Analysis of Variance. Comparison among means. (reference books) Whitlock MM, Schluter D (2010) Analisi statistica dei dati biologici. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna. ISBN 978-88-08-06297 files	6		48	-	-	-	Other activities	-	ITA

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Optional materials and exam in a foreign language	Language
16974 - Plant diversity (objectives) Acquisition of knowledge on plant diversity at the level of the highest taxonomic ranks. Correct use of the scientific names of plant taxa. Use of species identification techniques. Acquisition of the ability to recognize in the field the most common families of angiosperms of the Italian flora.	6	BIO/03	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities		ITA
18158 - Plant genetics (objectives) Get the basic concepts to understand the hereditary mechanisms and genetic bases useful in the evolution of populations and in the management and protection of mountainous and non-mountainous territory. - PAGNOTTA Mario augusto (syllabus) Cell cycle and divisions; Chromosome bases of inheritance; Ontogenetic cycles; Determining sex; Mendel's Experiments; Multiple alleles, dominance coding, genetic interactions; Genetic maps; Chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids; Structure of the chromosome; Central dogma; DNA Replication; Transcription, role of regulatory sequences, (exons, introns); Genetic code; Translation and protein synthesis; Gene, chromosomal and genomic mutations; Adjustment of gene expression; Quantitative genetics; Inheritance in the broad sense and in the strict sense, response to selection; Population genetics, Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium; Evolutionary factors: mutations, gene flow, selection and genetic drift; Their action on Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium. (reference books) Genetica agraria. Genetica e bitecnologie per l'agricoltura di Franco Lorenzetti, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Daniele Rosellini e F. Veronesi (31 dic. 2012) Griffiths A.J.F, Miller JH, Suzuki DT, Lewontin RC, Gelbart WM, (2002) Genetica: principi di analisi formale. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna. ISBN 978-88-08-17590-8.	6	AGR/07	48	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	-	ITA
119254 - Gestione forestale
- Dendrologia e dasologia - SCHIRONE Bartolomeo	7	AGR/05	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
- Selvicoltura - PIOVESAN Gianluca (syllabus) The course consists of lectures, seminars and exercises held in the laboratory and in the woods. The forest ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic components of the environment. The trophic structure of the ecosystem. The flow of energy. Energy balance, net radiation, food chains. Definition of forest. The measurement of the forest area. Global Forest Watch. 2030 Agenda and sustainable forest management. Biomass and productivity. Biogeochemical cycles. The cycles at various levels of scale. Distribution of plants in relation to the water and heat balance of the station. Macroclimate, mesoclimate and microclimate. The climates of the Earth, climate changes. Bioclimate and bioclimatic indices. Phytoclimatic classifications. Forest climate: influence of forest cover on light, heat, wind and water. The biotic component of the forest ecosystem. Tree, population, community: space-time structure, intra- and interspecific competition (habitat, niche) and positive ecosystem relations (mutualism). The structure and composition of forest stands. The dynamics of vegetation: the successions. Theories on the dynamism of forest vegetation, the concept of climax, successional models. Disturbing factors and successions. Old-growth forests: a laboratory for the study of natural dynamics and processes and a model for silviculture. Structure and dynamics of the structural stages of a forest. Elements of phytometry and dendrometry. Methods for measuring the size of trees and for studying the compositional and structural characteristics of forest stands. Dendroauxometry: - methods for the measurement of the volume increment. Introduction to forestry. The state of forests in the world and in Europe (Forest Europe). Biodiversity, forest products, and ecosystem services. Natura 2000, habitat and main Italian forest types. Concepts of site and biocoenosis. Site diagnosis; forest types and productivity of stands. Hints of forest monitoring: bioindicators. Forms of forest management: high forest, coppice. Natural regeneration. Even aged management; clear cuts and shelterwood systems. Forest thinnings. Uneven aged high forest: analysis of stand parameters in relation to the site and silvicultural objectives. Single tree selection, Plenter system, close to nature forestry. The conversion of coppice into high forest. Conversion by natural evolution, indirect method, direct method. Forest management in protected areas: forestry with low environmental impact; forest restoration. Mitigation of the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. Special forestry: the treatment of the main tree species of Apennine interest. Notes on regional forest regulations and laws. (reference books) Marco Paci. Ecologia forestale. Edagricole. Orazio La Marca. Elementi di dendrometria. Patron Editore. Mario Capelli. Selvicoltura generale. Edagricole. Bernetti Giovanni. Selvicoltura speciale. Utet Bernetti, G., Pividori, M., & Del Favero, R. (2012). Selvicoltura produttiva: manuale pratico. Edagricole.	7	AGR/05	56	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	-	ITA
119264 - Fitometria e Dentrometria - Di Filippo Alfredo (syllabus) Introduction. Scientific measurements. Measurement Units. Main statistics and the concept of error. Sampling approaches. Correlation, linear and non-linear regression. Shape and Biomass of Trees. Allocation of Biomass in the Tree. Tree shape. Allometric relationships. Volume, Density, Biomass. Dendrometric prototypes, formula of revolution solids. Coefficient of Shape and Coefficient of Reduction. Shape Indices: tapering, slenderness. Volume of standing trees. Diameter, circumference, basal area: importance, principles and methods of measurement, measuring instruments. Height: importance, principles and methods of measurement, measuring instruments. Hypsometers and Clisimeters. Tree Crown: importance, principles and modes of measurement, measuring instruments. Volume in downed logs. Formulas and approaches: Huber, Smalian, Knights, by Sections. The silometer. Commercial dendrometry. Examples of wood assortments. Wood processing loss. Measuring wood piles. Volume of forest stands. Site description. The structure of forest stands. Vertical and horizontal structure, stand density, structural stages. The quantitative description of forest stands. Essential dendrometric instruments, topographic compass, clinometer. Census vs sampling. Sampling methods and plot features. The construction of the H-DBH curve. Mean and dominant height, stature. Synthetic and analytical methods for cubing forest stands. Stereometric tables. Growth Rates. Alsometric tables. Model tree method. The measurement of standing and ground necromass. Elements of relascopic dendrometry. Theoretical foundations of relascopy, the Bitterlich mirror relascope. Relascopic adiametric and diametric tests, indirect volume estimation. Elements of auxology and auxometry. Tools and methods for determining age and woody increment of trees. Growth and increments. Method of stem analysis. Calculation of current increment of a single felled tree and percentage increment of a standing tree. Calculation of percent stand increment: procedure of Pressler, Schneider and Hellrigl. Estimation of current stand increment by the rate difference method and periodic increment by the mass balance method. New Technologies in Dendrometry. LIDAR technology. Satellites. The National Inventory of Forests and Carbon Sinks (INFC). (reference books) Orazio la Marca, Elementi di Dendrometria. Bologna: Patron	6	BIO/03	48	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

17009 - English language B2	6		48	-	-	-		ITA
119752 - Glaciologia e nivologia - Pecci Massimo	3	GEO/04	24	-	-	-	-	ITA
119753 - Legislazione forestale a ambientale - Derived from 118632 Economia, estimo e legislazione forestale in Gestione sostenibile delle foreste e del verde urbano L-25 (docente da definire)	4	IUS/10	32	-	-	-	-	ITA

Teachings extracurricular: (hide)

119858 - Machines, tools and techniques for urban greenery

- Derived from 119858 Macchine, strumenti e tecniche per il verde urbano in Gestione digitale dell’agricoltura e del territorio montano LM-73 LM-73 BIANCHINI Leonardo

3

AGR/09

24

-

ITA

Degree Course: Mountain Sciences Syllabus for A.Y. 2022/2023