La cooperazione in materia di governance della migrazione tra l'Unione europea (UE) e il suo vicinato può essere valutata accuratamente solo alla luce delle tensioni tra gli obblighi degli Stati di conformarsi alle norme riconosciute a livello internazionale sulla protezione dei diritti umani, da un lato, e il loro tentativo di per controllare la migrazione e le frontiere attraverso mezzi legali e disposizioni politiche, dall'altro. In questo contesto, il corso identificherà vari attriti o punti di contesa, soprattutto con riferimento a:
- La ripartizione delle competenze tra sovranazionalismo e intergovernamentismo, soprattutto dopo l'entrata in vigore del Trattato di Amsterdam. La cooperazione sulla deportazione è emblematica di tali tensioni;
- le contingenze e le priorità degli attori coinvolti, siano essi attori statali o non statali, con implicazioni per le loro percezioni, soggettività e, non da ultimo, definizioni;
- I fattori politici, giuridici e geostrategici altamente diversi che modellano la cooperazione sulla governance della migrazione con i "vicini".
Questo corso esamina le politiche attuali nel più ampio contesto della deterrenza e dell'esternalizzazione, considerando il modo in cui il diritto internazionale (nelle sue forme "soft" e "hard") agisce come strumento sia per consentire che per resistere a tali politiche. In tal modo, parte del corso esamina gli sviluppi rilevanti e la giurisprudenza sostanziale per comprendere le implicazioni delle attuali politiche migratorie dell'UE per le garanzie procedurali e la protezione umana. Infine, il corso invita a una più ampia riflessione sull'ipervisibilità della cooperazione sulla governance della migrazione, in particolare sulla cooperazione in materia di deportazione e deterrenza, mostrando che le sue implicazioni per il rispetto dei diritti umani sono inseparabili dai modi in cui le relazioni Stato-cittadini sono state alterate negli ultimi decenni. In sintesi, al di là delle ricorrenti richieste di cooperazione "efficace", questo corso offre agli studenti gli strumenti necessari per passare attraverso lo specchio della spinta alla governance della migrazione nelle relazioni esterne dell'UE.


Titoli delle lezioni (in inglese):
Sessions 1 & 2: Migration governance under tension
- Premises and challenges
- Diverse contingencies and priorities
- From the 2001 IAMM to the 2018 GCM and beyond


Session 3: Governance systems: Between bilateralism, supranationalism and multilateralism
- International cooperation on the governance of migration (through the lens of IR studies)
- Power and interdependence
- The hyper-diversity of (state and non-state) actors involved
- Governance for whom and by whom?

Session 4: Cooperation on migration governance and international politics
- Case studies: Perceptions from the South
- Capitalizing on migration and border controls?
- Empowerment and reverse diffusion

Session 5: The making of reverse conditionalities in international cooperation
- Reciprocity, reputation and iteration in international cooperation theory
- Reverse conditionalities
- Case studies

Session 6: The governance of migration through the lens of IR theories
- Realism
- Liberalism
- Structuralism
- Social constructivism

Session 7: The gradual centrality of readmission in the EU’s migration governance
- Historical trends: From the Treaty of Amsterdam to the Treaty of Lisbon
- Patterns of cooperation
- The dual approach to cooperation on readmission

Session 8: The hybridity of the EU’s readmission system
- Intergovernmentalism vs. supranationalism?
- The contingency gap
- Lessons learned and unlearned

Session 9: The drive for informalization
- Global trends: informal intergovernmental organizations/consultations
- Historical perspectives
- Implications for migration governance

Session 10: Issue linkage in international cooperation on the governance of migration
- Issue linkage in IR theories
- Case studies

Sessions 11 & 12 : Practices of readmission (exercise with students)
- Analysis of agreements linked to readmission (1 for each group)
- Grafting readmission onto other issue-areas
- Collective reflection on why patterns of cooperation differ so much

Session 13: Time contraction, procedural safeguards and access to rights
- The mobility mantra: origins and implications
- Labour temporariness and beyond
- Procedural safeguards and the drive for “operability”

Session 14: The grey zone
- Repertoire: notions and language
- Production and reproduction: the need for migration governance
- Attributes of the grey zone and implications

Session 15: A grounded approach to the governance of migration (viewed by the governed)
- Exploring field data
- The issue of reintegration
- Access to rights and time contraction

Session 16: Through the looking-glass of migration governance
- Coercion
- Regulation
- Legitimation

Session 17: Political action and counternarratives in times of consensus
- Drawing on previous experiences
- Lessons learned

Session 18: Wrap-up session

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