| Methods and Techniques of Archeological Documentation
(objectives)
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
The student will have knowledge and ability to understand the processes that regulate archaeological
documentation in research, protection and exhibition contexts, through the choice of methods and tools
that are more relevant and updated to current Italian and foreign institutional requests on the
documentation of archaeological assets. This objective will be achieved through the use of texts, articles,
forms and institutional documents through which the student will be actively involved. The lessons will
have a seminar and permanent laboratory nature in which the face-to-face meetings will have the purpose
of introducing practical activities with constant interactive teacher-student stimulation.
Expected learning outcomes (1)
1 - The student will have knowledge and understanding regarding documentation methods in archeology
with particular reference to visual and stratigraphic documentation, sampling, cataloging and
geolocalization. He will acquire knowledge on the strategy of using different types of tools used for
documentation in archaeology, each with its own specificities. These objectives will be achieved through
the use of scientific texts, official forms on archaeological heritage, also through the illustration of
exemplary case studies and the presentation of the most recent methods of documentation according to
the various kinds of archaeological context.
2 – The student will have the ability to apply their knowledge and understanding in order to demonstrate a
professional approach to the issues of archaeological documentation, and will possess adequate skills both
to interpret the archaeological data and to choose appropriate strategies in dealing with documentation
issues , classification and analysis of archaeological assets. The student will be able to acquire knowledge
and understanding skills applied through direct experience on archaeological material and the critical
analysis of archaeological sources.
Expected learning outcomes (2)
3 - This kind of study will allow the acquisition of the ability to collect and interpret archaeological data
through a specific methodology which will enable the student to have an autonomy of judgment with
respect to the idea that accurate documentation not only preserves the cultural heritage, but is
fundamental for the communication of research results and for the long-term preservation of information.
4 - He will be able to communicate with propriety and with appropriate terminology, but also in a popular
form, both orally and in written text, issues on how to critically document the archaeological asset;
furthermore, through the methodological tools acquired he will be perfectly able to undertake subsequent
studies in conscious way.
5 – The most suitable way to achieve understanding skills is that of a seminar and laboratory approach,
combined with introductory frontal teaching. The student is encouraged to practice archaeological
documentation through the illustration and direct analysis of case studies, but also through continuous
solicitation and interaction during lessons.
|
|
Code
|
119640 |
|
Language
|
ITA |
|
Type of certificate
|
Profit certificate
|
| Module: Methods and Techniques of Archeological Documentation- module 1
(objectives)
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
The student will have knowledge and ability to understand the processes that regulate archaeological
documentation in research, protection and exhibition contexts, through the choice of methods and tools
that are more relevant and updated to current Italian and foreign institutional requests on the
documentation of archaeological assets. This objective will be achieved through the use of texts, articles,
forms and institutional documents through which the student will be actively involved. The lessons will
have a seminar and permanent laboratory nature in which the face-to-face meetings will have the purpose
of introducing practical activities with constant interactive teacher-student stimulation.
Expected learning outcomes (1)
1 - The student will have knowledge and understanding regarding documentation methods in archeology
with particular reference to visual and stratigraphic documentation, sampling, cataloging and
geolocalization. He will acquire knowledge on the strategy of using different types of tools used for
documentation in archaeology, each with its own specificities. These objectives will be achieved through
the use of scientific texts, official forms on archaeological heritage, also through the illustration of
exemplary case studies and the presentation of the most recent methods of documentation according to
the various kinds of archaeological context.
2 – The student will have the ability to apply their knowledge and understanding in order to demonstrate a
professional approach to the issues of archaeological documentation, and will possess adequate skills both
to interpret the archaeological data and to choose appropriate strategies in dealing with documentation
issues , classification and analysis of archaeological assets. The student will be able to acquire knowledge
and understanding skills applied through direct experience on archaeological material and the critical
analysis of archaeological sources.
Expected learning outcomes (2)
3 - This kind of study will allow the acquisition of the ability to collect and interpret archaeological data
through a specific methodology which will enable the student to have an autonomy of judgment with
respect to the idea that accurate documentation not only preserves the cultural heritage, but is
fundamental for the communication of research results and for the long-term preservation of information.
4 - He will be able to communicate with propriety and with appropriate terminology, but also in a popular
form, both orally and in written text, issues on how to critically document the archaeological asset;
furthermore, through the methodological tools acquired he will be perfectly able to undertake subsequent
studies in conscious way.
5 – The most suitable way to achieve understanding skills is that of a seminar and laboratory approach,
combined with introductory frontal teaching. The student is encouraged to practice archaeological
documentation through the illustration and direct analysis of case studies, but also through continuous
solicitation and interaction during lessons.
|
|
Language
|
ITA |
|
Type of certificate
|
Profit certificate
|
|
Credits
|
4
|
|
Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
|
L-ANT/10
|
|
Contact Hours
|
24
|
|
Type of Activity
|
Related or supplementary learning activities
|
|
Teacher
|
DI NOCERA Gian Maria
(syllabus)
The course is divided into two modules and will provide itineraries and action strategies for managing documentation in the various fields of archaeology. In particular in research, conservation and protection, dissemination and preventive archaeology. The course, in both modules, will have a laboratory character with a preliminary critical reading of archaeological sources. Particular reference will be made to institutional documentation methods, therefore forms of filing, classification and graphic, photographic and textual documentation for archaeological finds, building structures and monuments, archaeological sites, museums. The practical activity will consist of the study and complete drafting of archaeological, monumental and site records, as well as the drafting of technical-scientific reports on specific archaeological contexts. A further topic will concern the processing of archaeological data for research and conservation purposes through classification and documentation processing methods.
There are three main topics covered in both modules: documentation methods, documentation tools and importance of documentation. These three main topics will be developed differently within the individual modules with specific case studies, distinguished by chronological scope and context. The topics are as follows:
1. Documentation Methods
Documentation methods in archeology can be divided into different categories, based on the specific needs of the project and the investigation phase:
- Visual Documentation: Includes photographs, drawings and videos. Photography is used to capture site conditions, artifact details and stratigraphic context. Hand or digital drawings are essential for representing complex shapes and reliefs of objects, while video footage can provide a general overview of the site.
- Stratigraphic Documentation: Stratigraphy is essential to understanding the temporal sequence and use of a site. Archaeologists record the different levels of terrain, noting the characteristics of each layer, the artifacts found and the spatial relationships. This method allows a chronological and contextual reading of the discoveries.
- Sampling and Cataloguing: Each finding must be recorded systematically. This involves sampling materials and cataloging them in databases or field registers, where information such as provenance, dating and physical characteristics are noted.
- Geolocation and GIS: The use of global geolocation tools (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS) has revolutionized archaeological documentation. These tools allow you to precisely record the coordinates of finds and structures, facilitating spatial analysis and data visualization on interactive maps.
- Geoportals for Archaeology: they constitute the online collection and sharing point of data resulting from archaeological investigations conducted in the area. In Italy, in addition to the national system, there are regional projects. Abroad there are important examples of geoportals for archeology useful for comparison and in-depth analysis.
2. Documentation Tools
Different types of tools are used for documentation in archaeology, each with its own specificities:
- Professional Cameras: Used for visual documentation, these cameras may include special lenses for close-ups and for capturing details on archaeological pieces.
- Drones: Increasingly used, drones allow you to take aerial shots of archaeological sites, facilitating mapping and analysis of the landscape.
- Total Stations and 3D Laser Scanners: These tools allow three-dimensional recording of sites, offering extremely detailed digital models. These models can be used for detailed analysis and digital heritage preservation.
- Data Analysis Software: 3D modeling and statistics programs allow you to process and analyze the data collected, also facilitating the presentation of the results.
3. Importance of Documentation
Documentation in archeology is not just a matter of recording, but a fundamental activity for the research and conservation of cultural heritage. Good documentation allows:
- Preservation: Reduces the risk of information loss and helps in planning preservation strategies.
- Research: Facilitates data sharing with the scientific community and allows future researchers to access previous information and analyses, promoting research continuity.
- Education and Communication: Promotes the dissemination of results, making archaeological knowledge more accessible to the public and contributing to raising awareness on the valorization of cultural heritage.
In summary, documentation in archeology is a vital and multidimensional aspect, which implies the use of specific methods and tools, aimed at preserving and interpreting traces of the past. The combination of modern technologies and traditional practices allows us to address the complexity of the archaeological heritage, guaranteeing an increasingly in-depth understanding and valorization of the cultures of which we are heirs.
(reference books)
The following texts will be integrated during the course with teaching materials provided by the teacher.
Articles taken from: Archeology and Calculators, 24, 2013 – Documenting archeology 3.0
ISBN: 9788878145801
-P. Moscati, Jean-Claude Gardin (Parigi 1925-2013). Dalla meccanografia all’informatica archeologica, p. 7
-A. Anguissola, D. La Monica, S. Cresci, Solone: una banca dati delle norme per il patrimonio culturale. Roma e la tarda antichità, p. 55
-M. Limoncelli, G. Scardozzi, Dalla cartografia archeologica digitale al restauro virtuale: recenti casi di studio a Hierapolis di Frigia, p. 75
-D. Uzunov, F.C. Papparella, P. Brandmayr, C. Gangale, S. Larosa, A. Mazzei, Magna Sila: la tecnologia gis nello studio e ricostruzione del paesaggio archeologico, p. 119
-A. Cardaci, D. Gallina, A. Versaci, Laser Scanner 3D per lo studio e la catalogazione dell’archeologia medievale: la chiesa di Santa Croce in Bergamo, p. 209
-G. De Felice, Il nuovo allestimento della collezione archeologica della Fondazione Sicilia fra tecnologie e creatività, p. 249
-A. Fiorini, Nuove possibilità della fotogrammetria. La documentazione archeologica del nuraghe di Tanca Manna (Nuoro), p. 341
-A. Angelini, R. Gabrielli, Laser scanning e photo scanning. Tecniche di rilevamento per la documentazione 3d di beni architettonici ed archeologici, p. 379
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|
Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
|
From 23/09/2024 to 10/01/2025 |
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Delivery mode
|
Traditional
At a distance
|
|
Attendance
|
not mandatory
|
|
Evaluation methods
|
Oral exam
|
|
|
| Module: Methods and Techniques of Archeological Documentation-module 2
(objectives)
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
The student will have knowledge and ability to understand the processes that regulate archaeological
documentation in research, protection and exhibition contexts, through the choice of methods and tools
that are more relevant and updated to current Italian and foreign institutional requests on the
documentation of archaeological assets. This objective will be achieved through the use of texts, articles,
forms and institutional documents through which the student will be actively involved. The lessons will
have a seminar and permanent laboratory nature in which the face-to-face meetings will have the purpose
of introducing practical activities with constant interactive teacher-student stimulation.
Expected learning outcomes (1)
1 - The student will have knowledge and understanding regarding documentation methods in archeology
with particular reference to visual and stratigraphic documentation, sampling, cataloging and
geolocalization. He will acquire knowledge on the strategy of using different types of tools used for
documentation in archaeology, each with its own specificities. These objectives will be achieved through
the use of scientific texts, official forms on archaeological heritage, also through the illustration of
exemplary case studies and the presentation of the most recent methods of documentation according to
the various kinds of archaeological context.
2 – The student will have the ability to apply their knowledge and understanding in order to demonstrate a
professional approach to the issues of archaeological documentation, and will possess adequate skills both
to interpret the archaeological data and to choose appropriate strategies in dealing with documentation
issues , classification and analysis of archaeological assets. The student will be able to acquire knowledge
and understanding skills applied through direct experience on archaeological material and the critical
analysis of archaeological sources.
Expected learning outcomes (2)
3 - This kind of study will allow the acquisition of the ability to collect and interpret archaeological data
through a specific methodology which will enable the student to have an autonomy of judgment with
respect to the idea that accurate documentation not only preserves the cultural heritage, but is
fundamental for the communication of research results and for the long-term preservation of information.
4 - He will be able to communicate with propriety and with appropriate terminology, but also in a popular
form, both orally and in written text, issues on how to critically document the archaeological asset;
furthermore, through the methodological tools acquired he will be perfectly able to undertake subsequent
studies in conscious way.
5 – The most suitable way to achieve understanding skills is that of a seminar and laboratory approach,
combined with introductory frontal teaching. The student is encouraged to practice archaeological
documentation through the illustration and direct analysis of case studies, but also through continuous
solicitation and interaction during lessons.
|
|
Language
|
ITA |
|
Type of certificate
|
Profit certificate
|
|
Credits
|
4
|
|
Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
|
L-ANT/10
|
|
Contact Hours
|
24
|
|
Type of Activity
|
Related or supplementary learning activities
|
|
Teacher
|
DE VINCENZO SALVATORE
(syllabus)
L’insegnamento si articola in due moduli e fornirà gli itinerari e le strategie d’azione per gestire la documentazione nei vari campi dell’archeologia. In particolare nella ricerca, nella conservazione e tutela, nella divulgazione e nell’archeologia preventiva. Il corso, in entrambi i moduli, avrà carattere di laboratorio con una preliminare lettura critica delle fonti archeologiche. Particolare riferimento verrà rivolto alle modalità di documentazione istituzionale, quindi forme di schedatura, classificazione e documentazione grafica, fotografica e testuale per reperti archeologici, strutture edilizie e monumenti, siti archeologici, musei. L’attività pratica consisterà nello studio e completa stesura di schede di reperto archeologico, monumentale e di sito, nonché la redazione di relazioni tecnico-scientifiche su specifici contesti archeologici. Ulteriore tema riguarderà il trattamento dei dati archeologici ai fini di ricerca e conservazione attraverso modalità di classificazione ed elaborazione della documentazione.
I principali temi trattati in entrambi i modulo sono tre: metodi di documentazione, strumenti di documentazione e importanza della documentazione. Questi tre principali argomenti verranno declinati in modo diverso nell’ambito dei singoli moduli con casi studio specifici, distinti per ambito cronologico e per contesto. Gli argomenti sono i seguenti:
1. Metodi di Documentazione
I metodi di documentazione in archeologia possono essere suddivisi in diverse categorie, in base alle esigenze specifiche del progetto e alla fase di indagine:
- Documentazione Visiva: Include fotografie, disegni e video. La fotografia è utilizzata per catturare le condizioni del sito, i dettagli dei reperti e il contesto stratigrafico. I disegni a mano o digitali sono fondamentali per rappresentare forme complesse e rilievi di oggetti, mentre le riprese video possono fornire una panoramica generale del sito.
- Documentazione Stratigrafica: La stratigrafia è essenziale per comprendere la sequenza temporale e l'uso di un sito. Gli archeologi registrano le diverse livelli di terreno, annotando le caratteristiche di ciascun strato, i reperti trovati e le relazioni spaziali. Questo metodo permette una lettura cronologica e contestuale delle scoperte.
- Campionamento e Catalogazione: Ogni reperto deve essere registrato in modo sistematico. Ciò implica il campionamento dei materiali e la loro catalogazione in database o registri di campo, dove vengono annotate informazioni come la provenienza, la datazione e le caratteristiche fisiche.
- Geolocalizzazione e GIS: L'uso di strumenti di geolocalizzazione globale (GPS) e sistemi informativi geografici (GIS) ha rivoluzionato la documentazione archeologica. Questi strumenti consentono di registrare con precisione le coordinate dei reperti e delle strutture, facilitando l'analisi spaziale e la visualizzazione dei dati su mappe interattive.
- Geoportali per l'Archeologia: costituiscono il punto di raccolta e condivisione online dei dati esito delle indagini archeologiche condotte sul territorio. In Italia oltre al sistema nazionale esistono progetti regionali. All’estero vi sono esempi importanti di geoportali per l’archeologia urili per confronto ed approfondimento.
2. Strumenti di Documentazione
Diverse tipologie di strumenti sono impiegati per la documentazione in archeologia, ognuno con le proprie specificità:
- Fotocamere Professionali: Utilizzate per la documentazione visiva, queste fotocamere possono includere obiettivi speciali per riprese ravvicinate e per la cattura di dettagli su pezzi archeologici.
- Droni: Sempre più utilizzati, i droni permettono di realizzare riprese aeree di siti archeologici, facilitando la mappatura e l'analisi del paesaggio.
- Stazioni Totali e Laser Scanner 3D: Questi strumenti permettono la registrazione tridimensionale dei siti, offrendo modelli digitali estremamente dettagliati. Questi modelli possono essere utilizzati per analisi dettagliate e per la conservazione digitale del patrimonio.
- Software di Analisi Dati: Programmi di modellazione 3D, di statistica permettono di elaborare e analizzare i dati raccolti, facilitando anche la presentazione dei risultati.
3. Importanza della Documentazione
La documentazione in archeologia non è solo una questione di registrazione, ma un'attività fondamentale per la ricerca e la conservazione del patrimonio culturale. Una buona documentazione permette:
- Conservazione: Riduce il rischio di perdita di informazioni e aiuta nella pianificazione delle strategie di conservazione.
- Ricerca: Facilita la condivisione dei dati con la comunità scientifica e permette a futuri ricercatori di accedere alle informazioni e alle analisi precedenti, promuovendo la continuità della ricerca.
- Educazione e Comunicazione: Favorisce la divulgazione dei risultati, rendendo la conoscenza archeologica più accessibile al pubblico e contribuendo alla sensibilizzazione sulla valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale.
In sintesi, la documentazione in archeologia è un aspetto vitale e multidimensionale, che implica l'uso di metodi e strumenti specifici, finalizzati a preservare e interpretare le tracce del passato. La combinazione di tecnologie moderne e pratiche tradizionali permette di affrontare la complessità del patrimonio archeologico, garantendo una comprensione e una valorizzazione sempre più approfondite delle culture di cui siamo eredi.
(reference books)
The following texts will be integrated during the course with teaching materials provided by the teacher.
Articles taken from: Archeology and Calculators, 24, 2013 – Documenting archeology 3.0
ISBN: 9788878145801
-P. Moscati, Jean-Claude Gardin (Parigi 1925-2013). Dalla meccanografia all’informatica archeologica, p. 7
-A. Anguissola, D. La Monica, S. Cresci, Solone: una banca dati delle norme per il patrimonio culturale. Roma e la tarda antichità, p. 55
-M. Limoncelli, G. Scardozzi, Dalla cartografia archeologica digitale al restauro virtuale: recenti casi di studio a Hierapolis di Frigia, p. 75
-D. Uzunov, F.C. Papparella, P. Brandmayr, C. Gangale, S. Larosa, A. Mazzei, Magna Sila: la tecnologia gis nello studio e ricostruzione del paesaggio archeologico, p. 119
-A. Cardaci, D. Gallina, A. Versaci, Laser Scanner 3D per lo studio e la catalogazione dell’archeologia medievale: la chiesa di Santa Croce in Bergamo, p. 209
-G. De Felice, Il nuovo allestimento della collezione archeologica della Fondazione Sicilia fra tecnologie e creatività, p. 249
-A. Fiorini, Nuove possibilità della fotogrammetria. La documentazione archeologica del nuraghe di Tanca Manna (Nuoro), p. 341
-A. Angelini, R. Gabrielli, Laser scanning e photo scanning. Tecniche di rilevamento per la documentazione 3d di beni architettonici ed archeologici, p. 379
|
|
Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
|
From 23/09/2024 to 10/01/2025 |
|
Delivery mode
|
Traditional
|
|
Attendance
|
not mandatory
|
|
Evaluation methods
|
Oral exam
|
|
|
|
