TEACHED EXCLUSIVELY IN ITALIAN
see above

c) PROGRAM
Technologies for sustainable forest operations. Efficient use of resources such as energy, water, human workforce. Minimization of global production of residues and emissions, Minimization of impacts on forest structures and environmental functions. In particular, these criteria for sustainable forest management through low impact forest logging will be differentiated according to the various forms of forest management (high forest, coppice), treatment and the various types of crop care. Coppice management sites: simple coppice, coppice with standards. High forest management sites: even-aged, uneven-aged. Forest management sites: main parameters, advantages and disadvantages. Conversion sites of coppices in high forests. Conversion by natural evolution, indirect method, direct method. The transformations. Forest management sites in protected areas: low environmental impact forestry; forest recomposition and reconstitution. Furthermore, on the whole, the bases will be provided to make it possible to quantify and qualify forest logging activities, through the most common harmonized protocols for the study of forest utilization. Specifically, the topics will be: study of working times and productivity, study of logging costs, study of energy balances of forest yards, study of the logging impacts on the ground and above ground, application of the Reduced Impact Logging (RIL).
Elements of dendrometry
- determination of diameters and circular surfaces of trunks and trees;
- determination of the height of standing trees;
- volume of round timber and trees on the ground;
- volume of stacked wood and bark;
- volume of standing trees and stands;
- basic dendrometric analyses: gantry, hypsometric curve;
- cubage of standing trees and stands: single-entry stereometric tables, double-entry stereometric tables, tariffs, single model tree method;
- determination of the increase in woody mass on ground stems;
- determination of the increase in woody mass on standing stands.

- Slides uploaded on the Moodle site.
- Verani S., Sperandio G., Picchio R., Savelli S., La raccolta della biomassa forestale. Tecniche, economia e sicurezza sul lavoro. Monterotondo (Roma): Grafica Salaria, 2009, vol. 1, p. 50.
- Baldini S., Marchi E., Picchio R., Mazzocchi F., Neri F., Spinelli R., Esboschi e trasporti per via terrestre. Edagricole, Bologna, 2021, p. 276.
- Baldini S.,Bortoli P.L., Cambi M., Marchi E., Mazzocchi F., Neri F., Picchio R., Spinelli R., Solari V., Concentramento ed esbosco per via aerea. Edagricole, Bologna, 2020, p. 278.
- La Marca O., 1999. Elementi di dendrometria. Patron Editore, Bologna.