| Wood technology
(objectives)
The general educational objective of the Wood Technology Course is to contribute to outlining the role that forests and trees play and the functions they perform both in natural environments and in anthropized and urban areas. Among the ecosystem services, those included in the macro-category "supply" are discussed in particular. The course is declined in a context that highlights the use of the wood resource sustainable from an environmental, economic and social point of view.
A) OBIETTIVI FORMATIVI SPECIFICI
The course aims to acquire advanced knowledge A) in the technological characteristics of trees in forestry and urban contexts, B) in the field of wood products and derivatives. To this end, the course provides the tools to acquire basic knowledge on the formation of wood tissues, on the anatomical structure, on the micro and macroscopic characteristics of wood, as well as on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of wood and derivatives. The basics of the main processing processes of both wood and innovative wood-based products are provided, in a context of sustainability of the use of wood resources and ecosystem services.
B) RISULTATI DI APPRENDIMENTO ATTESI
1) Knowledge and understanding
Knowledge of the morpho-anatomical characteristics of wood, with correlation between structure and function, of the properties of wood and its uses; of the main processes of wood and derived products, of the treatments, including innovative and low-impact, to which they can be subjected, of the defects and behavior of wood and derivatives, according to the environments of conservation or operation.
Knowledge and understanding are based on the ecosystem and environmental sustainability principles.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding)
Knowledge and understanding of the fundamental concepts of wood behavior: hygroscopicity, hygroscopic balance, shrinkage and swelling, anisotropy and durability, including induced; knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of wood assortments, their use, defects and their technological quality, first processing techniques/processes and the main products that can be obtained; knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of wood necessary for correct use, according to the conservation or operating environments, in the various possible applications.
The knowledge and skills acquired are intended to support judgments and resolve issues relating to the management of forests, also in urban and peri-urban contexts, the production of wood and its use. These skills are expressed according to ecosystem and environmental sustainability principles, with a professional and ethically correct approach.
3) Making judgments
To be able to collect data and interpret the results obtained from the observation of the trunk, the wood of the derivative or the artifact to draw judgments supported by a scientific methodological approach, knowing how to choose the most appropriate methodology for the specific case, taking into account the sustainability of the processes.
4) Communication skills
To be able to communicate in the appropriate language with specialist and non-specialist interlocutors, correctly using the scientific and technical terminology of the wood sector.
5) Learning skills
Develop learning skills necessary to keep preparation up to date and to undertake subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy. To this end, the use of scientific texts and electronic resources from the library system is recommended.
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Code
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119695 |
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Language
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ITA |
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Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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6
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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AGR/06
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Contact Hours
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48
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Type of Activity
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Core compulsory activities
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Teacher
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LO MONACO Angela
(syllabus)
The course is held in Italian
Microscopic characteristics of wood. Organization of xylem tissues in the stem. Description of the cellular elements (tracheids, tracheas, fibers, parenchyma, epithelial cells, channels and intercellular spaces).
Chemical composition and ultrastructure of wood (outline).
Elemental chemical composition, organic components, ultrastructural architecture of the wall, effects of chemical constituents and the ultra-structure on the properties of wood.
Use of keys for the microscopic recognition of the taxon closest to the specific one
Macroscopic characteristics of wood.
Fundamental anatomical sections. Sapwood and heartwood. Color. Large anatomical elements. Grain, design, texture, shine, other organoleptic characteristics.
Use of keys for macroscopic recognition of the taxon closest to the specific one
Variations in the structure of the wood.
Variations within a tree, horizontal, vertical, between different trees of the same species. Notes on wood of branches and roots.
Defects and anomalies of round and sawn wood
Growth anomalies. Anomalies in the anatomical constitution of the stems (reaction wood, chives, resin pockets). Color anomalies. Anomalies due to aging. Defects from abnormal cellular content and extractives. Defects in the shape of the arboreal stems, curvature, irregular and eccentric sections, protuberances, tapering. Knots. Marrow. Biological alterations from bacteria, fungi, insects and other animals. Growth rate. Frost cracks, lightning strikes, top breaking, felling tear, incorrect limbing. Foreign bodies incorporated, natural (concretions) or of other origin. Defects of the sawn timber present at the origin or induced by processing.
Alterations to the wood (notes)
Abiotic factors. Biotic factors (Bacteria, Fungi, Higher plants, Insects, Marine organisms, other animals).
Fire wood relationships. Upper and lower calorific value. Combustion. Carbonization. Fire resistant
Test methods, classifications, physical and mechanical characteristics.
Technical regulations. Standards and regulatory bodies. Types of evidence. Sampling. Test conditions. Sample size. Structural wood
Density
Direct determination. Sampling. Factors affecting the density. Density variations.
Relations between water and wood. Hygroscopicity. Saturation water and imbibition water. Wood moisture measurement. Moisture in the tree. Air humidity Properties of air-vapor mixtures. Relative humidity measurement. Wood moisture Desorption and adsorption. Maximum moisture content. Moisture content under constant atmospheric conditions. Cell wall saturation point. Moisture content in variable atmospheric conditions. Dimensional variations. Shrinkage and swelling. Factors affecting shrinkage and swelling. Anisotropy of shrinkage and swelling. Determination of shrinkage and swelling. Consequences of dimensional variations. Round and sawn assortments.
Mechanical properties of wood
Types of stresses. Resistance to compression, traction, bending, shear, impact, penetration or hardness, wear
Elementary woodworking, hints.
Machining with or without chip removal. Wood characteristics relevant for processing. Band saws, reciprocating and circular, with chain. Sheeters and sheeters
Sawn timber Raw material and products. Organization of a sawmill. Production techniques (sawing performance, cutting systems and methods, technological defects). Plants and production lay-out. Seasoning in the air. Factors that influence seasoning. Stacks. Artificial drying. Correction of drying defects.
Notes on preservative treatments
Notes on derivatives. Peeled, sliced, panels
(reference books)
Lo Monaco – Gli appunti dalle lezioni sono utili quale traccia per lo studio dei diversi argomenti sui testi consigliati:
G. BONAMINI, L. UZIELLI, R. ZANUTTINI - Elementi di Tecnologia del legno e Utilizzazioni forestali Vol. I Dispensa pubblicata dal Servizio Stamperia e Fotoriproduzione dell'Università degli Studi di Trento, rev. 1996. Disponibile pdf gratuito.
R. NARDI BERTI R., La struttura anatomica del legno ed il riconoscimento dei legnami italiani di più corrente impiego. Contributi scientifico pratici per una migliore conoscenza e utilizzazione del legno. CNR IRL. (in Biblioteca, privilegiare l’ultima edizione)
Anselmi N. Govi G. Patologia del legno 1996 Edagricole. Disponibile in Biblioteca
G. TSOUMIS - Science and Technology of wood. Chapman Hall - New York.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
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Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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not mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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