| Monitoring and defense of the mountain environment |
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Code
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16966 |
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Language
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ITA |
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Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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| Module:
(objectives)
The course "Monitoring and Protection of the Mountain Environment" is structured to provide students with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary education. The goal is to prepare professionals capable of addressing the challenges of phytosanitary protection in mountain environments with competence, responsibility, and innovation.
Knowledge and Understanding:
• The student will acquire an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of monitoring and phytosanitary protection, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems.
• Knowledge of the main species of insects and pathogenic organisms present in mountain environments, understanding the interactions between plants, harmful organisms (phytophagous, pathogens, etc.), and beneficial organisms.
• Understanding the ecological processes and dynamics that regulate plant health in mountain environments, including biotic and abiotic factors.
Applying Knowledge and Understanding:
• The student will develop the ability to apply advanced monitoring methodologies for the detection and early diagnosis of phytosanitary issues specific to mountain environments.
• They will be able to use tools and techniques for integrated protection to safeguard plant health in mountain contexts, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainability.
• Apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical and operational problems in phytosanitary management of mountain environments.
Making Judgements:
• The student will develop critical skills to apply various phytosanitary monitoring and protection strategies, considering the specificities of mountain ecosystems and the socio-environmental impacts of the practices adopted.
• They will be able to identify innovative solutions for phytosanitary management, based on scientific data, sustainability criteria, and the peculiarities of mountain environments.
Communication Skills:
• Acquire the ability to effectively communicate technical and scientific information related to plant health and phytosanitary protection strategies, both to sector specialists and to a non-specialized audience.
Learning Skills:
• Develop autonomous learning abilities, allowing for continuous updating of knowledge regarding innovative technologies and methods for phytosanitary monitoring and protection.
• Encourage a critical and reflective approach to scientific and technical literature, stimulating curiosity and a propensity for continuous research in a rapidly evolving field such as environmental protection in mountain areas.
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Code
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16966-1 |
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Language
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ITA |
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Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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6
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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AGR/11
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Contact Hours
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48
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Type of Activity
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Core compulsory activities
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Teacher
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CONTARINI Mario
(syllabus)
General Part: Biodiversity and importance of insects. Morphology (exoskeleton, head, thorax, abdomen, endoskeleton. Anatomy (circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system, sense organs, etc.). Insect reproduction and development. Insect ecology. Social behaviour. Monitoring and control methods. Systematics and phylogeny. The main orders of insects and identification using dichotomous keys.
Special Part: Main insects and mites of forest and agricultural interest in mountain areas
(reference books)
For the general entomology:
E. Tremblay, 2003. Entomologia applicata. Vol. I, generalità e mezzi di controllo. Liguori Ed. Napoli.
For the applied entomology:
A. Pollini, 2002. Manuale di Entomologia Applicata. Edagricole, Bologna.
P. Luciano, P.F. Roversi, 2001. Fillofagi delle querce in Italia. Industrie grafiche Poddighe, Sassari.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
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Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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not mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
A project evaluation
|
|
|
| Module:
(objectives)
The course "Monitoring and Protection of the Mountain Environment" is structured to provide students with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary education. The goal is to prepare professionals capable of addressing the challenges of phytosanitary protection in mountain environments with competence, responsibility, and innovation.
Knowledge and Understanding:
• The student will acquire an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of monitoring and phytosanitary protection, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems.
• Knowledge of the main species of insects and pathogenic organisms present in mountain environments, understanding the interactions between plants, harmful organisms (phytophagous, pathogens, etc.), and beneficial organisms.
• Understanding the ecological processes and dynamics that regulate plant health in mountain environments, including biotic and abiotic factors.
Applying Knowledge and Understanding:
• The student will develop the ability to apply advanced monitoring methodologies for the detection and early diagnosis of phytosanitary issues specific to mountain environments.
• They will be able to use tools and techniques for integrated protection to safeguard plant health in mountain contexts, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainability.
• Apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical and operational problems in phytosanitary management of mountain environments.
Making Judgements:
• The student will develop critical skills to apply various phytosanitary monitoring and protection strategies, considering the specificities of mountain ecosystems and the socio-environmental impacts of the practices adopted.
• They will be able to identify innovative solutions for phytosanitary management, based on scientific data, sustainability criteria, and the peculiarities of mountain environments.
Communication Skills:
• Acquire the ability to effectively communicate technical and scientific information related to plant health and phytosanitary protection strategies, both to sector specialists and to a non-specialized audience.
Learning Skills:
• Develop autonomous learning abilities, allowing for continuous updating of knowledge regarding innovative technologies and methods for phytosanitary monitoring and protection.
• Encourage a critical and reflective approach to scientific and technical literature, stimulating curiosity and a propensity for continuous research in a rapidly evolving field such as environmental protection in mountain areas.
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Code
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16966-2 |
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Language
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ITA |
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Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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6
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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AGR/12
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Contact Hours
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48
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Type of Activity
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Core compulsory activities
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Teacher
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MAZZAGLIA Angelo
(syllabus)
Introduction to plant and forest pathology, historical facts. Examples of diseases of significant economic and social impact.
GENERAL SECTION
Basic concepts
• Meanings of illness, injury, lesion, healing in plant pathology.
• abiotic (non-infectious) and biotic (infectious) diseases.
• Complex diseases
• Disease triangle
• Classification of diseases
Generalities on Causal Agents of Infectious Diseases
• Viruses and Viroids,
• Phytoplasmas
• Bacteria
• Oomycetes
• True fungi
• Parasite phanerogams
Disease Stages
• from pre-infection to evasion.
• Inoculum Concept: Charge, Density and Potential
Symptomatology
• Difference between symptom and sign
• Types of symptoms: chromatic alterations, necrosis, cankers, tumors, early fall of organs, alteration of shape and size, exudates, water state alterations
• Critical analysis of symptoms
Diagnostics
• Critical approach to diagnosis: history, field observations, sample collection and retention.
• Basic methods: in vivo and in vitro laboratory diagnostics, isolation of the pathogen, microscopic observation of structures.
• Advanced methods: immunological and molecular techniques.
• Koch’s postulates
• Diagnosing wood decay: classical and instrumental analysis
DISEASE-SPECIFIC SECTION
• Abiotic damage from: variations and water imbalances; Variations and thermal imbalances; Exceptional events (hail, snow, lightning, fire, etc.); Nutritional deficits (or excesses); Illumination deficit; Phytotoxic Air Pollutants (IFA); Other pollutants.
• Root rots by Oomycetes: ??chestnut ink disease and other rots by Phytophthora spp.
• Root rots by true fungi: Root rot of hardwood and conifers by Armillaria spp .; “mal del rotondo” by Heterobasidion annosum s.l .; White root rot of deciduous trees by Rosellinia necatrix.
• Tracheomycosis: Dutch Elm Disease by Ophiostoma ulmi and novo-ulmi; Verticillosis of the deciduous trees; Canker stain of plain by Ceratocystis platani; Blue stain of coniferous wood by Ophiostomatales.
• Canker: Cypress canker by Seiridium cardinale; Larch canker by Lachnellula willkommii; Bark canker of chestnut by Cryphonectria parasitica; Charcoal canker of oak by Biscogniauxia mediterranea; Beech canker by Nectria ditissima; Bark canker by Nectria spp.
• Coniferous coniferous diseases: Shoot blight and needle disease of pine by Thyriopsis halepensis; Needle cast by Lophodermium seditiosum and L. pinastri; Red bands needle blight of pine by Dothistroma pini; Needlecast of white fir by Lirula nervisequa; Needlecast of red fir by Lophodermium piceae; brown felt blight by Herpotrichia juniperi; Diplodia blight by Diplodia pinea; Other needle blight tree diseases of pines: Brunchorstia pinea, Phacidium infestans, Cyclaneusma pini; Other disease agents of needles of conifers: Acanthostigma parasiticum, Meria laricis, Brunchorstia laricina, Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, Rhadbocline pseudotsugae
• Canopy diseases of broadleaves: oak anthracnose by Apiognomonia quercina; Beech anthracnose by Apiognomonia errabunda; Horse chestnut anthracnose by Guignardia aesculi; Plane anthracnose by Apiognomonia veneta; Other anthracnose causal agents: Discula destructiva, Elsinoe quercus-ilicis; Leaf curl and blisters by Taphrina spp. on wood species: T. populina, T. betulina, T. saccari, T. crataegi, T. tosquinetii, T. kruchii, T. ulmi, T. phagicola, T. wiesneri, T. alni; Powdery mildew of oak by Microsphaera alphtoides; Powdery mildew of plane by Microsphaera platani; Other Powdery mildews of wood species: Phyllactinia guttata, Uncinula salicis; Poplar leaf blight by Marssonina brunnea; WWalnut blight by Marssonina juglandis; Other leaf blight: Marssonina castagnei, M. betulae, M. coronaria, M. salicicola; Chestnut leaf spot by Mycosphaerella maculiformis; Maple tar spot by Rhytisma acerinum; Spring defoliation of poplar by Venturia populina and Venturia macularis; Anthracnose or "black spots" by Gloeosporium spp.
• Rust: needle bladder rust of spruce by Chrysomyxa rhododendri; Spruce needle rust by Chrysomixa abietis; Two-Needle Pine Stem Rust by Cronartium flaccidum; White pine blister rust by Cronartium ribicola; fir broom rust by Melampsorella caryophyllacearum; Juniper and rosaceae (stem swelling) rust by Gymnosporangium sabinae, G. tremelloides, G. clavariiforme; Pine Twisting Rust by Melampsora pinitorqua; Poplar rusts from Melampsora allii-populina, M. larch-populina, M. larch-tremulae, M. pulcherrima, M. rostrupii.
• Wood decays: Micro-environmental Conditioning (CM) theory; Modes of action of white, brown and soft wood decays; Compartmentalization theory (CODIT); diagnosis of wood decay; Main wood decay agents (Phellinus spp., Stereum spp .; Ganoderma spp .; Trametes spp., Pleurotus spp., Fomitiporia spp., Phaeolus spp., Fomitopsis spp .; Lenzites spp., Fistulina spp., Inonotus spp.
• Diseases of forest nursery: Damping-off.
• Diseases of forest populations (complex diseases): Forest decline; Oak decline; Beech decline, etc .; Role of the endophytism of weakness pathogens in complex diseases.
(reference books)
Suggested books:
- Elementi di Patologia Forestale, Capretti P. e Ragazzi A., Patron Editore
- Fondamenti di Patologia Vegetale, Matta A., Patron Editore
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
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Delivery mode
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Traditional
|
|
Attendance
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not mandatory
|
|
Evaluation methods
|
Oral exam
|
|
|
|
