1 Introduction to the course. Introduction to botany. Botany is the science that studies plant organisms. The modern approach to the study of plant diversity. Levels of analysis of the plant landscape: flora and vegetation
Botany applied to cultural heritage.
Biological molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids; the plant cell. The cell wall, the vacuole, the chloroplast.
Autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms.
2-SYSTEMATIC PART: Biodiversity and classification.
MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL, PHYLOGENETIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MAIN BIODETERIOGENS
Concept of species, systematics and taxonomy. Classification methods. Artificial and natural classification systems. Nomenclature. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Main and secondary ranks.
Notes on cyanobacteria, Algae, Lichens, Emergence from water - adaptations, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Vascular plants with seeds: Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
4-ECOLOGY OF BIODETERIORATION Environmental factors. Water, light, temperature, substrate, atmosphere, climate: their action on biodeteriogens and biodeterioration processes.
Plant and microbial communities: functional and dynamic aspects;
Substrates
5-BIODETERIORATION CONCERNING THE SUBSTRATE
Materials of plant origin: wood, paper, plant textile fibres (cotton, linen...); Materials of animal origin: Parchment and leather, Animal textile fibres (wool, silk); Natural and artificial stone materials; Glass and metallic materials, glass, metals; Composite materials: photographic materials, composite materials (paintings).
6-BIODETERIORATION CONCERNING THE TYPE OF ENVIRONMENTS
Prevention, investigation methodologies, treatments. Environments: confined environments (archives, museums, churches, catacombs), External environments (urban, rural and coastal), Semi-confined environments (loggias, porticoes, rock environments)
Palynology, archaeocarpology, aerobiology. Prevention, investigation methodologies, treatments. The landscape. Archaeological areas. Danger index.
History of gardens.
Public and private gardens.
Botany in the history of art

Caneva G., Nugari M. P., Salvadori O., 2005 - La biologia vegetale per i beni culturali [volume I] Biodeterioramento e conservazione. Nardini Editore
Caneva G., Nugari M. P., Salvadori O., 2005 - La biologia vegetale per i beni culturali [volume II] Conoscenza e Valorizzazione. Nardini Editore