Teacher
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SBARBATI Chiara
(syllabus)
General overview about Earth structure: the crust, the mantle, the core. The lithosphere and asthenosphere. Abundance and distribution of the different elements in the Earth’s crust. Minerals as constituent elements of the rocks: definition and classification. Amorphous and crystalline minerals, shape and symmetry (systems, classes and spatial groups); atomic structure of minerals, chemical and physical properties of the most common minerals constituting rocks; features of main mineral types: silicate, carbonate, sulphate, sulphite, oxides and halides. The lithogenetic cycle. The volcanic rocks: chemical and mineralogic composition of magma and consolidation mechanisms. Common minerals in volcanic rocks and main types of igneous rocks: intrusive, effusive and veins. The volcanic activity. Classification of volcanic rocks basing on structural and chemical criteria. The sedimentary rocks. The sedimentary processes: physical and chemical degradations, transport, sedimentation and diagenesis. Features of the main sedimentary rock types: silico-clastic, chemical and biochemical. Sedimentary rocks properties. Stratigraphy principles. The metamorphic rocks. Processes and drivers of metamorphism: temperature, pressure and fluids. Metamorphism degree. Classification of metamorphic rocks basing on texture, shape and chemical criteria. Weathering processes of rocks: weathering controlling factors, chemical alteration (hydrolysis, dissolution, oxidation), physical weathering and erosion, climate and weathering processes, residual rocks and eluvial deposits. The main stone material and their classification. Physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Standard UNI and ISO, main laboratory test to determine rocks and soils properties. Overview on the most commons geophysical methodologies applied to cultural heritage field.
(reference books)
Scesi L., Papini M., Gattinoni P. (CEA 2014) - Principi di geologia applicata per ingegneria civile-ambientale e scienze della terra. D'Argenio B., Innocenti F., Sassi F.P. (UTET 1994) - Introduzione allo studio delle rocce. Grotzinger J.P., Jordan T.H. (Zanichelli 2020) – Capire la Terra.
Slides and additional material provided by the teacher during the course.
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