The course explores the interaction between the environment and livestock systems. It examines the environmental impacts of livestock activities, including climate change, eutrophication, acidification, depletion of natural resources such as water and soil, and the contribution to the phenomena of antibiotic resistance. It includes information on the main practices that mitigate environmental impacts. The course discusses the key crucial aspects in livestock farming that can limit animal welfare, as well as the measures used to assess the level of animal welfare in livestock production.