Teacher
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BERNINI Roberta
(syllabus)
The course program is divided into two modules, each lasting 32 hours. First module: General Chemistry (32 hours). Electrons, protons, neutrons. Atomic number. Mass number. Isotopes. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. Electronic configuration of the elements. Periodic table of the elements. Groups and periods. Atomic dimensions. Ionization energy. Electron affinity. Electronegativity. Valence electrons. Octet rule. Chemical bonds. Binding energy. Ionic bond. Covalent bond. Lewis structures. Polarity of bonds. Resonance. Hydrogen bond. Van der Waals forces. Mole. Avogadro's number. Reactions and chemical equations. Balance of reactions. Most common inorganic compounds: oxides, anhydrides, hydroxides, hydracids, oxyacids, salts, peroxides, hydrides. Chemical formulas and preparation reactions. Stoichiometric calculations. States of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Changes in state. Solutions. Units of concentration. Molarity, normality, molality, mole fraction, percentage. Dilution and mixing of solutions. Colligative properties. Kinetics. Activation energy. Reaction speed. Catalysts. Reactions at equilibrium. equilibrium constant. Acids and bases. Arrhenius theory. Bronsted-Lowry theory. Theory of Lewis. Strong acids. Weak acids. Strong bases. Weak bases. Acidity constant and alkalinity. Acid-base properties of water. pH and pOH. pH of aqueous solutions containing strong acids/bases, weak acids/bases, polybasic acids, buffers, salts. Acid / base titration. Number of oxidation. Redox reactions. First module: Organic Chemistry (32 hours). Classes of compounds. Functional groups. Hybridization. Alkanes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Structural isomers. Conformational isomers. Combustion reactions and halogenation. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Cis-trans isomers, E/Z. Electrophilic addition reactions. Polymerization reactions. Alkynes: structure, nomenclature and properties. Halogenated compounds: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aromatic hydrocarbons: structure, nomenclature and properties. Reactions of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Huckel rule. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene derivatives. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Alcohols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Dehydration and oxidation reactions. Phenols: structure, nomenclature and properties. Ethers: structure, nomenclature and properties. Aldehydes and ketones: structure, nomenclature and properties. Oxidation, reduction, addition. Carboxylic acids: structure, nomenclature and properties. Saturated and unsaturated fats. Dicarboxylic acids. Acidity. Amines: structure, nomenclature and properties. Heterocyclic amines. Basicity. Stereoisomerism. Enantiomers and diasteromers. Chiral carbon. Properties of chiral molecules. Notation R, S. Carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, peptides, proteins, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids: chemical structure and biological role.
(reference books)
For a good exam preparation, the following two textbooks are recommended: (1) Fundamentals of General Chemistry - R. Chang, K. Goldsby, McGraw-Hill Education (2) Essential Organic Chemistry - B. Botta, Edi-ermes On the Moodle platform, on the course page, the slides of all the lessons held by the teacher are available.
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