Part 1: Control Engineering (6CFU)
I. INTRODUCTION (2 h)
• Dynamic Systems. Control of dynamic systems: formulation and first examples. Architectures of control systems (open-loop, closed-loop).

II. DYNAMCAL SYSTEMS (18 h)
• Models of fundamental systems. Dynamic linear systems in time domain.
• Laplace Transformation. Transfer Function: definition, properties and use. Poles, Zeros and Gain.
• Equivalence transformation and duality transformation.
• Stability analisys of dynamic linear systems. Stability criteria.
• Block diagrams.
• Free response and signal response. Canonical response of first and second order systems.
• Frequency Response: definition, and relationship with transfer function. Graphical representation of frequency response: Bode diagram, Nyquist Diagram, Nichols diagram. I order and II order filters. Time-Frequency relationships.

III. STATE FEEDBACK CONTROL (10 h)
• Controllability of dynamic linear systems.
• State feedback of dynamic linear systems. Design of a state feedback regulator.
• Observability of dynamic linear systems.
• State feedback of dynamic linear systems by state estimation. Design of an asymptotic observer.

IV. FEEDBACK CONTROL (18 h)
• Formalization of a simple control problem. Classification of control systems.
• Feedback control systems: features and properties.
• Stability: Nyquist and Bode criteria.
• Static Performances: steady state error. Dynamical Performances: response speed, bandwidth, stability order.
• Stability Margin. Relationship between feedback and feedforward control systems.
• Design of a controller: requirements. Static and dynamic design. Compensations. PID regulators.


Part 2: Electrical Machines (6 CFU)
V. INTRODUCTION (2 h)
• General considerations, operation principles and classification of electrical machines.
• Electrical machines heating.

VI. TRANSFORMERS (10 h)
• Single-phase transformers: general considerations, operation principles, mathematical model, phasor diagrams and test.
• Three-phase transformers: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, electrical connection of the windings.
• Special transformers: autotransformers, current transformers and voltage transformers.
• Parallel connection between single-phase and three-phase transformers.
• Grid connection transients and short circuit transients for transformers

VII. INDUCTION MACHINES (14 h)
• Electromechanical conversion; operation principles, classification and manufacturing characteristics of electrical machines. Galileo Ferraris law.
• Three-phase induction machines: general considerations, manufacturing aspects, mathematical model, phasor diagrams and operation principles. Electromagnetic torque of an induction machine. Start and steady state rotation of a three-phase induction machine. Squirrel-cage induction motors. Three-phase induction generators. Efficiency and test of a three-phase induction motor.
• Single-phase induction machine: general considerations, classification, operation principles, start and steady state rotation.

VIII. SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES (14 h)
• Synchronous machines: classification, general considerations, manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model, phasor diagrams, open-circuit characteristic, armature reaction, short circuit characteristic, magnetic saturation, self-excitation of synchronous geneators.
• Anisotropic synchronous machines: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model, phasor diagrams. Power angle of a synchronous generator. Electromagnetic torque at the rotor of a synchronous generator.
• Parallel connection of synchronous generators: requirements for the connection and ancillary services (P-f reglation and E-V regulation).
• Synchronous motors: operating principles, mathematical model, equivalent circuits, current diagrams.
• Synchronous machines dynamics and short circuit transient at alternators’ connections.

IX. DC ELECTRICAL MACHINES (4 h)
• Manufacturing aspects, operation principles, general considerations and classificationod DC electrical machines.
• DC Generators: types of excitation, mathematical model, equivalent curcuits and operating principles.
• Separately excited DC motors: mathematical model, equivalent circuit, operating principles and speed regulation.

X. BRUSHLESS MOTORS (2 h)
• DC Brushless motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model. Trapezoidal control technique. Torque characteristics.
• AC Brushless motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model. Sinusoidal control technique. Torque characteristics.
• DC and AC brushless comparison. Traditional and brushless motor drives comparison.

XI. STEPPER MOTORS (2 h)
• Stepper motors: classification, manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model. Electromagnetic torque.
• Permanent magnets stepper motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, driving and control.
• Variable reluctance stepper motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, driving and control.
• Hybrid stepper motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, driving and control.

1. F. White, Principles of Control Engineering, Elsevier

2. L. Keviczky, R. Bars, J. Hetthéssy, C. Bányász, Control Engineering, Springer

3. L. Keviczky, R. Bars, J. Hetthéssy, C. Bányász, Control Engineering: MATLAB Exercises, Springer

4. T. Wildi, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems, Pearson College Div

5. S. N. Vukosavic, Electrical Machines, Springer

6. T. Gonen, Electrical Machines with MATLAB®, CRC Press