Part 1: Control Engineering (6CFU)
1. INTRODUCTION
• Dynamic Systems. Control of dynamic systems: formulation and first examples. Architectures of control systems (open-loop, closed-loop).

2. DYNAMCAL SYSTEMS
• Models of fundamental systems. Dynamic linear systems in time domain.
• Laplace Transformation. Transfer Function: definition, properties and use. Poles, Zeros and Gain.
• Equivalence transformation and duality transformation.
• Stability analisys of dynamic linear systems. Stability criteria.
• Block diagrams.
• Free response and signal response. Canonical response of first and second order systems.
• Frequency Response: definition, and relationship with transfer function. Graphical representation of frequency response: Bode diagram, Nyquist Diagram, Nichols diagram. I order and II order filters. Time-Frequency relationships.

3. STATE FEEDBACK CONTROL
• Controllability of dynamic linear systems.
• State feedback of dynamic linear systems. Design of a state feedback regulator.
• Observability of dynamic linear systems.
• State feedback of dynamic linear systems by state estimation. Design of an asymptotic observer.


4. FEEDBACK CONTROL
• Formalization of a simple control problem. Classification of control systems.
• Feedback control systems: features and properties.
• Stability: Nyquist and Bode criteria.
• Static Performances: steady state error. Dynamical Performances: response speed, bandwidth, stability order.
• Stability Margin. Relationship between feedback and feedforward control systems.
• Design of a controller: requirements. Static and dynamic design. Compensations. PID regulators.


Part 2: Electrical Machines (6 CFU)
5. INTRODUCTION
• General considerations, operation principles and classification of electrical machines.
• Electrical machines heating.

6. TRANSFORMERS
• Single-phase transformers: general considerations, operation principles, mathematical model, phasor diagrams and test.
• Three-phase transformers: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, electrical connection of the windings.
• Special transformers: autotransformers, current transformers and voltage transformers.
• Parallel connection between single-phase and three-phase transformers.
• Grid connection transients and short circuit transients for transformers

7. INDUCTION MACHINES
• Electromechanical conversion; operation principles, classification and manufacturing characteristics of electrical machines. Galileo Ferraris law.
• Three-phase induction machines: general considerations, manufacturing aspects, mathematical model, phasor diagrams and operation principles. Electromagnetic torque of an induction machine. Start and steady state rotation of a three-phase induction machine. Squirrel-cage induction motors. Three-phase induction generators. Efficiency and test of a three-phase induction motor.
• Single-phase induction machine: general considerations, classification, operation principles, start and steady state rotation.

8. SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
• Synchronous machines: classification, general considerations, manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model, phasor diagrams, open-circuit characteristic, armature reaction, short circuit characteristic, magnetic saturation, self-excitation of synchronous geneators.
• Anisotropic synchronous machines: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model, phasor diagrams. Power angle of a synchronous generator. Electromagnetic torque at the rotor of a synchronous generator.
• Parallel connection of synchronous generators: requirements for the connection and ancillary services (P-f reglation and E-V regulation).
• Synchronous motors: operating principles, mathematical model, equivalent circuits, current diagrams.
• Synchronous machines dynamics and short circuit transient at alternators’ connections.

9. DC ELECTRICAL MACHINES
• Manufacturing aspects, operation principles, general considerations and classification of DC electrical machines.
• DC Generators: types of excitation, mathematical model, equivalent circuits and operating principles.
• Separately excited DC motors: mathematical model, equivalent circuit, operating principles and speed regulation.

10. BRUSHLESS MOTORS
• DC Brushless motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model. Trapezoidal control technique. Torque characteristics.
• AC Brushless motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model. Sinusoidal control technique. Torque characteristics.
• DC and AC brushless comparison. Traditional and brushless motor drives comparison.

11. STEPPER MOTORS
• Stepper motors: classification, manufacturing aspects, operation principles, mathematical model. Electromagnetic torque.
• Permanent magnets stepper motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, driving and control.
• Variable reluctance stepper motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, driving and control.
• Hybrid stepper motors: manufacturing aspects, operation principles, driving and control.

1. F. White, Principles of Control Engineering, Elsevier
2. L. Keviczky, R. Bars, J. Hetthéssy, C. Bányász, Control Engineering: MATLAB Exercises, Springer
3. T. Wildi, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems, Pearson College Div