Physical quantities and unities. The International System of the Units of Measurement (SI). Orders of magnitude and exponential notation. Units conversion. Measurement instruments, uncertainty and error propagation.
Statistical treatment of datasets: average, median, variance, standard deviation. Mono- andò multi-modal distributions, Standard distribution; linear regression; correlation coefficient.

MECAHNICS:
Principle of inertia and inertial systems;
One-dimensional motion. distance, duration, velocity and acceleration. Time diagram. Average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniform circular motion and periodic motion quantities: frequency, period and angular velocity.
Multi-dimensional motion: composition, decomposition and summation of vectors. Dot and cross product of vectors.
Dynamics: Newton’s Principia. Composition and decomposition of forces. Work and kinetic energy. Hooke’s law (spring equation). Potential energy, general definition and applications to central and uniform fields, both gravitational and electric. Harmonic oscillator (spring) potential energy. Mechanical energy conservation law. Momentum, definition and conservation law. Force, impulse and momentum variation. Tension. Elastic and inelastic collisions, conservation and dissipation of the kinetic energy. Angular momentum, definition and conservation law. Rigid bodies motion. Flywheel and gyroscope.
Ideal vs non-ideal systems: Friction by a microscopic and macroscopic point of view; Static and dynamic friction coefficients. Motion on an incline with and without friction.

FLUIDS AND THERMODYNAMICS:
Liquids: viscosity, uncompressibility; Laminar and turbulent flow. Continuity equation and hydraulic lift (Archimedes force). Bernoulli equation. flow-obstacle interaction, lift. Ideal vs real liquids. solid-liquid contact phenomena, contact angle and capillarity - heuristic approach and microscopic interpretation. Liquid transport and vascular systems. Venturi pipe.
Gases: volume, pressure, states on the Clapeyron plane. Charles, Boyle and Gay-Lussac gas laws. Absolute temperature. Ideal gases equation. Real gases - Van der Waals equation.
Intensive and extensive physical quantities. Thermodynamical variables: temperature, heat, internal energy and entropy. Laws of thermodynamics: zeroth principle, first law (conservation of energy), second principle (Clausius and Boltzmann interpretations), Nernst theorem and the ultra-low temperatures behavior of matter. Energy transport: conduction, convection and radiation. Thermal properties of matter: specific heat. Linear dilatation of solids. Phase transitions: latent heat.
Work and power of a thermal engine. Carnot cycle and machine efficency. Micro- and macro-states of a system, entropy and ergodicity. Entropy as macrostate probability. Entropy fluctuations. Phase diagrams in the (T,P) plane. Triple point. Anomalous water behavior. The extreme states of matter: superfluids and plasma.

ELECTROMAGNETISM AND STRUCTURE OF MATTER
Evolution of the concept of field. Conservative fields (electric and gravitational field). Potential energy and electric potential. Coulomb force law. Electric fields of complex charge patterns: ++, +- and - - dipoles. Atomic electric field configuration and the stability of ordinary matter. Microscopic interpretation of the atomic bonds. Coulomb force between charged particles. Multipolar filed configuration in molecules. Electric current, Ohm’s law. Electric current - hydraulic flow analogy.
Magnetic field, experimental approach and electric field interpretation. Lorentz force. Moving charges as sources of magnetic field, non-existence of magnetic monopoles. The mass spectrometer.
Electromagnetic interactions at the atomic and molecular scale: structure and stability of the solid state matter. Nuclear structure and the strong force. Quark model.
The light: electromagnetic waves, physical optics, wave and particle nature of light: the photons. Emission ad absorption spectra, electron-photon interaction. Atomic and molecular spectroscopy.

- Kane, Fisica Applicata, Edizione Mediche Scientifiche Internazionali.
- Young, University Physics with Modern Physics - Global Edition, Pearson [testo in inglese]
- Giancoli Fisica - Edizione con Fisica Moderna, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
- Serway & Jewett - Principi di fisica - EdiSES
- Possono essere consultati anche testi scolastici, preferibilmente del triennio del liceo scientifico