Introduction to the course, knowledge verification test of basic microbiology. Classification of microorganisms. Classic characters and molecular characteristics as criteria for the classification of microorganisms. Identification of microorganisms. Physiological methods: Biolog. Molecular methods: DNA extraction; amplification; sequencing; databank comparison. Definition and construction of phylogenetic trees. Choice of method; choice of sequences and multialignment; outgroup choice. The bootstrap. Critical analysis of the results obtained. Recombinant DNA technology. Restriction enzymes and construction of a restriction map. Realization of a construct. Plasmids: cloning, expression, secretion, integration, shuttle vectors and for the study of the promoter vectors. Gene-libraries Construction. Theory of PCR. Evolution and applications. Real Time PCR; chemistry of detection systems; sybr green, hybridization probes or fret probes, hydrolysis probes or TaqMan probes. Applications: quantitative analysis; revelations of mutations; products characterization. Theoretical aspects of quantitative PCR. Calibration curve. Principles of quantification. Absolute and relative quantification. Analysis of the melting curve. Set-up of the PCR with the internal control. DNA sequencing with the Sanger method. New Generation Sequencing technologies (NGS). Prokaryotes genetic transformation. Treatment of competence. Chemistry Competence. Electroporation. Triparental conjugation. Mutations. Recombination: methods and mechanisms. Gene-conversion and unequal crossing over. Transposable elements (transposons): types structure and mechanisms of action. The Plasposon. Biofouling and quorum sensing. The sampling: theoretical and practical aspects for a correct sampling and statistically significant.
Sampling of marine microorganisms from anthropized and not anthropized environments.
Viable and total count of marine microorganisms.
Isolation, cultivation and classification (cultivation methods and molecular) of marine microorganisms.
Detection of microbial biodiversity of marine environments.
Biotechnology from the sea.
Screening for the production of metabolites / enzymes of industrial interest.
Microbiological analysis of seawater.

Colin Munn. Marine Microbiology: Ecology and Applications. Garland Science
Brock Biologia dei microorganismi: microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale. 14° edizione (2016). Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Roberto Danovaro - Biologia Marina: biodiversità e funzionalità degli ecosistemi marini. CittàStudi Edizioni.
Barbieri, Bestetti, Galli, Zannoni- Microbiologia ambientale ed elementi di ecologia microbica - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, edizione 2008.