Course
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Credits
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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Contact Hours
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Exercise Hours
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Laboratory Hours
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Personal Study Hours
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Type of Activity
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Optional materials and exam in a foreign language
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Language
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18374 -
Miglioramento genetico e biotecnologie del seme
(objectives)
The course aims to give the basic principles of plant breeding, of cultivar selection and of seed production. To this aim, theoretical and practical aspects of reproductive biology of higher plants are addressed including those modifications of the reproductive system that are of practical interest. Additional teaching objectives are the collection, storage and evaluation of genetic resources, the development of plant breeding schemes, the characterization, reproduction, conservative selection of plant varieties, the adoption of advanced strategies for the control of reproductive biology and the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified crops.
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MAZZUCATO Andrea
( syllabus)
- Introduction, history and aim of plant breeding, concept of ideotype. - Biology of plant reproduction: floral morphology, macro and microsporogenesis, macro and microgametogenesis, pollination, progamic phase, fertilization, embryogenesis, seed and fruit development. Molecular biology of flowering induction and flower development, genes controlling inflorescence, flower and floral organs identity, ABC(DE) model. Mode of reproduction (sexual reproduction, vegetative propagation, apomixis), sex determination (hermaphroditism, monoecism, dioecism), mating system (autogamy and allogamy), experimental characterization of plant reproductive system and of outcrossing rate. Male sterility (genetic, cytoplasmic and genetic-cytoplasmic, functional and conditional). Self-incompatibility (sporophytic and gametophytic). Apomixis, cytoembryological bases, genetic control, breeding of obligate and facultative apomictic species, perspectives of transferring apomixis to sexual species. Fruit set and development, parthenocarpy, biotechnological approaches to control fruit set. Fruit ripening, mutants affected in ripening and in pigment accumulation. - Sources of genetic variability: gene pool concept, germplasm collection and storage, seed banks, germplasm evaluation, variability induced by mutagenesis, somaclonal variation. - Intra and interspecific cross, sexual interspecific barriers, biotechnologies to facilitate interspecific crossing, in vitro fertilization and embryo rescue. - Theory of selection: principles of theory of selection for monogenic and polygenic characters, penetrance and expressivity. - Genetic population structure in autogamous, allogamous, vegetatively propagated and apomictic species. - Breeding schemes for autogamous species: selection in existing populations: mass selection and pure line selection. Selection in segregating populations: pedigree, bulk and single seed descent methods, double haploids. Backcross method to transfer a dominant and a recessive allele, linkage drag, principles of marker assisted selection, multiline varieties, F1 hybrids in autogamous species. - Breeding schemes for allogamous species: mass selection, recurrent selection, synthetic varieties, F1 hybrids in allogamous species, use of male sterility in hybrid production schemes. - Principles of genetics of seed production: evaluation of new varieties, subscription to the Register of Varieties, maintenance selection and seed production, isolation, generations of seed multiplication. Legislation related to seed production and marketing. Biotechnologies for the protection of plant varieties (molecular markers for distinctiveness), estimation of genic flux and gene flux containment in conventional and genetically modified varieties.
Seminars: students will be invited to attend one or two seminars focussing on technical and/or scientific aspects related to topics of the course. Practical activities: practical activity will be dedicated to the knowledge of genetic variability in a crop species, to the examination of mutants involved in reproductive biology, to technicalities to carry out controlled crosses and to a visit to a company or experimental station involved in breeding and/or seed production of crop species.
( reference books)
- Barcaccia G. e Falcinelli M., Genetica e genomica, vol. II, 2005, Miglioramento genetico, Liguori. - Lorenzetti F. et al., Miglioramento genetico delle piante agrarie, 2018, Edagricole. - Materiale fornito dal docente tramite il Portale Docente.
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6
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AGR/07
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48
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Core compulsory activities
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ITA |
18376 -
Chimica delle sostanze organiche naturali
(objectives)
The course introduces the concepts and experimental approaches of natural substances (secondary metabolites) present in the plant world starting from their biogenetic precursors. For each family of compounds, the structural aspects, the property, the functional role, the biological activities, the applications in the agronomic, food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, the techniques of extraction, purification and structural characterization are studied.
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BERNINI Roberta
( syllabus)
The different families of natural substances are studied on the basis of the precursors and the main metabolic sequences that lead to their biosynthesis. For each family, structural aspects, properties, biological activities and applications in the agronomic, food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields are examined. Among the various classes of compounds, phenolic substances are deepened and among the activities, the antioxidant property. The course includes educational visits and laboratory exercises.
( reference books)
Chimica, Biosintesi e Bioattività delle Sostanze Naturali - P. M. Dewick, Piccin. Edizione italiana a cura di E. Fattorusso
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6
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CHIM/06
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48
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Core compulsory activities
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ITA |
18377 -
Biotecnologie vegetali e prodotti farmaceutici
(objectives)
The course is aimed to promote in depth cultural, theoretical and experimental knowledge on the design, production and application of recombinant molecules with a high degree of added value in the pharmaceutical field. Several traditional biological systems for the production of biological drugs are taken into account. Also of particular importance it is given to plants as innovative and sustainable bio-factory both economically and environmentally.
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SANTI Luca
( syllabus)
The course is mainly divided into three sections: an initial more general section, a specific section focused on the use of plants for the production of recombinant proteins and a third section where students present in the classroom, in Italian, a scientific paper written in English. Moreover during the course three seminars, taught by guest experts, are planned on specific topics. In the initial section general aims of pharmaceutical biotechnology and pharmaceuticals obtained through biotechnological production are introduced, in this regard some definitions of Biopharmaceutical are provided together with specific examples and the general picture of their worldwide market. In addition, biotech drugs are compared to traditional drugs with particular reference to new approaches for their realization. In this context also recapitulative concepts on recombinant DNA technology strictly applied to pharmaceuticals are provided. All main biological systems for production are analysed: bacteria especially E. coli, yeasts, insect cells, different types of mammalian cells and chicken eggs. Production issues for large scale issues at both upstream and downstream processing level are also addressed in the light of international quality standards and of "Good Manufacturing Practices" (GMP) procedures. In particular specific lessons are dedicated to biofermentations, product processing, techniques of analysis and purification of biological macromolecules and their formulation for their release on the market. After an introduction to immunity, immunogenicity and the immune system of humans, all the main types of biopharmaceuticals: vaccines, polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory proteins and enzymes, in the context of the pathologies to which these drugs are directed to, are defined and described also using specific case studies. At the conclusion of the general section recent developments of nanotechnology in biomedicine and diagnostics and possible future applications in the biopharmaceutical industry are discussed. The second section, all centered on the use of plants for the expression of recombinant polypeptides with pharmaceutical activity, starts with the in depth discussion of plant viruses from a molecular point of view for the importance they have had and continue to have in the development of expression systems. In particular the various strategies of expression and replication of the best known plant viruses are addressed and the systems that make use of these viruses for the heterologous transient expression in plants analyzed in detail. Subsequently the most used plants in biopharmaceutical development (tobacco, benthamiana, rice, maize, potato and tomato) and the different types of genetic modification applicable to these species are addressed (stable nuclear transformation, plastid transformation and transient transformation). Numerous case studies concerning plants developed biopharmaceuticals will be presented and analyzed in detail to illustrate the different approaches in relation to the type of biopharmaceutical, the pathology and the receiving species (for human or veterinary use). The third section focuses on the acquisition of skills in the analysis of scientific international manuscripts and on the acquisition of skills in the presentation and exposure of technical content. To this end, students choose an article from a list of publications selected by the teacher and prepare a power point presentation of about 20 minutes to explain to their class mates, the general theme, the experimental approach, the results and prospects of the work. All selected publications concern the design, implementation and development of biopharmaceuticals in plants. The three seminars that take place during the course are: i) elements of immunology held by Dr. Selene Baschieri from the ENEA Casaccia research center; ii) principles of vaccinology held by Dr. Chiara Lico from ENEA Casaccia research center.
( reference books)
Biotecnologie farmaceutiche; Crommelin D. J., Sindelar R. D.; Zanichelli; 2000; ISBN: 8808094197.
Elementi di Virologia Vegetale; Giunchedi, Conti, Gallitelli, Martelli; 2007; ISBN: 978-88-299-1838-6.
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6
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BIO/15
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48
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Related or supplementary learning activities
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ITA |
18386 -
Lingua inglese
(objectives)
The course is aimed at students in possession of knowledge of the grammar of the English language at a B1 level and aims at consolidating them and at developing linguistic and communication skills at Upper intermediate level (level B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages - CEFR ). At the end of the course the student: • Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his / her field of specialization. • Can interact with a certain fluency and spontaneity that make natural interaction with native speakers possible without strain for the interlocutor. • Can produce clear and detailed text on a wide range of topics and explain a point of view on a topic by providing the pros and cons of the various options.
Part of the lessons will be dedicated to classroom exercises that require the use of material conforming to that used for international B2 (FCE - First Certificate in English) English language certifications. Finally, part of the course will be dedicated to the analysis of the specific micro-language.
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MIDOSSI Maria grazia
( syllabus)
PROGRAM: Analysis of the main features of the B2 level of the CEFR
LISTENING - Understanding of B2 level listening tracks - Closed answer exercises GRAMMATICS AND SYNTAX: - possessive and Saxon genitive - comparative and superlative degree of adjectives - relative pronouns - countable and uncountable nouns - main prepositions of time and place - main conjunctions - main verbs + prepositions (Phrasal Verbs) - Present Simple / Present Continuous - Past Simple - Present Perfect simple and Present Perfect Continuous, Stative verbs - Present Perfect with for and since - Use of different forms to express the future (present simple, 'going to', 'will' and 'Present Continuous') - modal verbs (can, could, must, will, would, should) - have to, don't need to - (Past Continuous) - passive form of verbs - indirect speech - verbs with infinitive and gerund - unreal past, wishes / contrast - phrasal verbs LEXICON: - travel and transport - hobbies, sport and games - science and technology - the media - people and society - food and drink - health and fitness - education and learning SPECIFIC MICRO LANGUAGE: Understanding and discussion of scientific texts (short oral presentation / summary of their content). Topics and texts will be specifically defined during the course.
( reference books)
Steve Taylore-Knowles, Malcolm Mann, DESTINATION B2 Sb +Key, MacMillan, UK.
NORRIS ROY, READY FOR FIRST 3RD ED COURSEBOOK WITH KEYS, MacMillan, UK. Codice EAN: 9781786327543
Raymond Murphy, English Grammar in Use with Answers: A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Students of English, Cambridge, UK
Useful websites:
https://www.englishaula.com/en/mobile/exam-prep-cat-section/2/1/
https://www.englishaula.com/en/mobile/exam-prep-cat-section/2/3/
https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/it/exams-and-tests/first/preparation/
https://www.examenglish.com/B2/index.php
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6
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48
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Other activities
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ITA |