Degree Course: Industrial Engineering Syllabus for A.Y. 2020/2021  

NUMERICAL SETS
Definition of set and operations between sets. Properties and De Morgan laws. Cartesian product, equivalence and order relations. Definition of function. Injective, surjective, bijective and invertible functions. Monotonic functions. Composition between functions. Equinumerous sets. Cantor's theorem. Set of natural, integer, rational, real numbers and their properties. Infimum and supremum of a set. Combinatorial calculation: permutations and simple combinations. Binomial expansion. Mathematical induction. Logic elements.

ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
Exponentiation with natural and real exponent and its properties. Root extraction and its properties. Exponential function and its properties. Logarithm function and its properties. Trigonometric functions and properties. Inverse trigonometric functions. Hyperbolic functions and properties. Inverse hyperbolic functions. Function graphs.

LINEAR ALGEBRA
Vectors and vector spaces on R. Vector subspaces. Canonical vectors, linear dependence and independence. Bases and dimensions. Definition of matrix. Transposed, symmetric matrix. Sum between matrices, matrix product and their properties. Definition of determinant and its properties. Calculation through the Laplace formula. Calculation of the determinant of matrices of order 3 with the Sarrus rule. Inverse matrix. Rank of a matrix. Linear maps. Image and kernel of a linear map. Matrix representation of linear maps. Linear systems. Rouché-Capelli theorem. Free parameters theorem. Cramer's rule. Homogeneous systems. Introduction to eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

PLAN AND SPACE GEOMETRY
Cross, dot and triple product between vectors. Cartesian Euclidean space. Three points alignment. Plane in space: plane passing through 3 non-aligned points, plane passing through a point and orthogonal to a vector, plane passing through a point and parallel to two vectors. Planes in a particular position. Intersection of planes. Straight line in space: straight line as intersection of planes, straight line passing through a point and parallel to a vector, straight line passing through two distinct points. Parallelism and orthogonality between straight lines. Parallelism and orthogonality between straight line and plane. Orthogonality between planes. Plane algebraic curves. Canonical equation of ellipse, hyperbola and parabola. Conic sections.

SET OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
Definition of the set of complex numbers. Algebraic representation of a complex number. Opposite, conjugate, modulus of a complex number and their properties. Operations between complex numbers (sum, difference, product and quotient). Graphical representation of a complex number. Argand-Gauss plane. Trigonometric form of a complex number. Power and n-th root of a complex number. De Moivre formula. Exponential representation and Euler's formulas. Algebraic equations in C and fundamental theorem of algebra.

SEQUENCES
Definition of sequence. Convergence and divergence. Uniqueness of the limit. Operations with limits. Comparison theorems. Remarkable limits. Monotonic sequences. Sequence of Euler. Extract of a sequence. Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem. Cauchy convergence criterion.

SERIES
Definition of series. Sequence of partial sums, series with positive terms, harmonic series, geometric series, exponential series. Necessary condition of convergence. Comparison criterion, ratio criterion, root criterion, infinitesimal criterion. Alternating series. Absolute convergence. Leibniz criterion. Cauchy theorem.

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY FOR REAL FUNCTIONS OF A REAL VARIABLE
Limits of functions of a real variable and properties. Operations with limits. Remarkable limits. Continuity and theorems on continuous functions. Monotonic functions. Maximum and minimum of function. Asymptotes. Discontinuity.

DERIVATIVES FOR REAL FUNCTIONS OF A REAL VARIABLE
Difference quotient. Geometric interpretation of the derivative. Derivative of elementary functions. Differentiation rules. Derivative of composed function. Derivative of the inverse function. Rolle's theorem, Cauchy's theorem, Lagrange's theorem. Non-derivability. Critical points, monotony, concavity and convexity. The de l'Hôpital theorem. Study of the graph of a function.
Infinitesimal and infinite concept. Applications to the calculation of limits. The concept of differential. Taylor-MacLaurin formula with Peano remainder and with Lagrange remainder.

INTEGRAL
Definition of integral. Classes of integrable functions. Integral properties. Integral mean theorem. Fundamental theorem of integral calculus. Primitives and calculation of Riemann integrals. Immediate integrals by decomposition, by replacement. Integration of rational functions. Integration by parts. Integration of trigonometric functions. Integration of irrational functions.

1. Analisi Matematica 1 con elementi di geometria e algebra lineare. Bramanti, Pagani, Salsa. Zanichelli (ed. 2014)
2. Elementi di analisi matematica 1. Versione semplificata per i nuovi corsi di laurea. Marcellini, Sbordone. Liguori (ed. 2002)
3. Analisi Matematica 1. Bramanti, Pagani, Salsa. Zanichelli (ed. 2008)
4. Esercitazione di matematica Vol 1. Marcellini, Sbordone. Liguori
5. Dispense del docente

Python programming. (48 h)

Introduction to Matlab®: variables and costants, scalars, vectors, matrices, operations with matrices, programs and functions. (10 h)

Numerical methods for the solution of a set of algebraic linear equations and computer implementation. (4 h)
Numerical methods for the solution of a set of algebraic non-linear equations and computer implementation. (4 h)

Numerical methods for the solution of differential equations and a set of first-order differentiale equations and computer implementation: Forward Euler, Backward Euler, Crank-Nicholson Rule, Heun Rule, Runge-Kutta Rule. (4 h)

Introduction to Simulink®. (2 h)

1) M. Borgo, A. Soranzo, M. Grassi, Matlab for psycologists, Springer

2) B. Stevenson, The Python Workbook, Springer

3) J. Hunt, A beginners guide for python 3 programming, Springer

4) Lectures notes

The course consists on a broad introduction on computer science and on a computer language: Python.
In the introductory part we start from binary numbers and boolean algebra to get to the basic working of a modern computer. Then we will introduce computer languages and then we get to Python.
After a general introduction on the language we will focus on the scientific modules that is numpy and scipy.
Then the similarities and the differences between Matlab® and these Python libraries will be illustrated.

- Lecture notes
- Online information on Python and Matlab: http://www.python.org , https://it.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html
- Python: "Guida alla sintassi, alle funzionalità avanzate e all'analisi dei dati", Naomi Ceder

GRAMMAR:
- present simple and continuous, action and non-action verbs
- future forms: present continuous, be going to, will, won't
- present perfect and past simple
- present perfect + for/since
- present perfect continuous
- choosing between comparatives and superlatives
- articles: a/an, the, no article
- obligation and prohibition: have to, must, should
- ability and possibility: can, could, be able to
- past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect
- past and present habits and states

VOCABULARY:
- food and cooking
- family, adjectives of personality
- money
- strong adjectives: exhausted, amazed, etc.
- transport
- collocations: verbs/adjectives + prepositions
- phone language
- -ed/-ing adjectoves
- sport
- relationships

Christina Latham-Koenig, Clive Oxenden, English File. DIGITAL GOLD B1-B1+ 4th Edition: SB&WB C/C + Entry Checker + OLB eBK code + SRC ISBN: 9780194035606.

ATTENTION!!! There are multiple editions of this book. Please buy the one with the following ISBN code: 9780194035606.

Introduction
Aggregation states of matter. Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Compounds and chemical elements. Separation techniques (filtration, centrifugation, distillation). Physical and chemical changes. Energy and chemical changes. Intensive and extensive properties of matter. Atomic structure: protons, electrons and neutrons. Atomic number and mass number: isotopes. Atomic mass and relative atomic mass. Symbols of chemical elements. Molecular compounds and ionic compounds. Relative molecular mass. Mole and Avogadro’s number.

Atomic structure
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. Atomic spectra. De Broglie and the wave nature of matter The Heisenberg indeterminacy principle. Particle-wave duality. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. The Pauli exclusion principle. Electron configuration of the elements: aufbau principle. The periodic system of the elements. Periodic properties.

Chemical Bond
Ionic and covalent bond. Bond properties: order, energy and length. Electronegativity and dipole moment of molecules. Lewis structures. The VSEPR model and the shape of molecules. Theories of chemical bonding: hybridization of atomic orbitals, resonance theory in chemistry. Magnetic properties of molecules. Intermolecular forces. Hydrogen bonding.

Chemical Formulas
Nomenclature of inorganic compounds. Oxidation number. Oxidation-reduction reactions.

The gaseous state
The ideal gas law. Dalton’s law and mixtures of gases. The density of gases. Relative density of gas and mixture of gases. The average molecular mass of a mixture of gases. Real gases; the Van der Waals equation of real gases. Boyle’s temperature. The critical state of gases.

The solid state
Crystal lattices and unit cells. Molecular, ionic and covalent solids. Metals. Allotropy and polymorphism. Molecular orbital theory. The band theory of solids: metals, semiconductors and insulators. Doped semiconductors: n and p-type semiconductors.

The liquid state
Surface tension of liquids. Viscosity. Vapor pressure. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals: properties and technological applications.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic system. State functions. Cyclic and non-cyclic processes. Reversible and irreversible processes. Heat, work and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy and Hess’s law. Entropy. The second law of thermodynamics. Spontaneous processes. Free energy. The third law of thermodynamics.

Physical equilibria
Phase transitions: Clapeyron and Claussius-Clapeyron equations. Phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide.

Solutions
Units of concentration. Solubility and dissolution processes. Solutions of gases in liquids. Entalpy of solution and the effect of the temperature on solubility. Ideal and real solutions. Roult’s law. Colligative properties of ideal solutions. Colligative properties and molar mass determination. Miscible, immiscible and partially miscible liquids.

Chemical Equilibrium
Spontaneous processes and thermodynamic equilibrium in chemical reactions. Law of mass action. The equilibrium constant. van't Hoff equations: isotherm and isochore equation. Equilibri omogenei. Le Chathelier’s principle. Effect of the addition or removal of a reagent or product. Effect of volume, pressure and temperature changes on the homogeneous equilibria. Heterogeneous equilibria.

Electrolytic solutions
Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Ions and molecules in aqueous solutions: strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes. Colligative properties of solutions containing ions: van't Hoff factor.

Chimical equilibria in solutions
Acid-base equilibria. Classifications of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Broensted-Lowry, Lewis). Acid and base strength: the ionization constant. Molecular structure and acid strength. Autoionization of water. The pH scale. Calculation of pH of a strong/weak acid/base solutions. Acid-base properties of salt solutions. Buffer solutions. Solubility of salts and the solubility product constant.

Chemical Kinetics
Rates of chemical reactions. Rate laws and integrated rate laws. Order of chemical reactions The Arrhenius equation and the temperature dependence of reaction rate. Activation energy. Collision theory and transition state theory of chemical reactions. Reaction mechanisms, molecularity of a chemical reaction. Catalysis.

Electrochemistry
Semielement potential and the Nernst equation. Standard reduction potentials. Electrochemical cells: chemical cells and concentration cells. Electrolysis: Faraday’s laws. Application: storage battery and corrosion.

Stoichiometry: Mole. Empirical and molecular formulas. Chemical equations and mass relationships in chemical reactions. Limiting reactant. Gas law and chemical reactions. Quantitative analysis of a mixture. Solutions and volumetric analysis. Gas-phase equilibium; homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Thermochemistry and thermodynamics of chemical reactions. Colligative properties of solutions. Calculation of pH of aqueous solutions: strong/weak acid and base solutions, salt solutions and buffer solutions. Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells and cell potential.

1) M. Casarin, L. Casella, R. D'Agostino, A. Filippi, F. Grandinetti, R. Purrello, N. Re, M. Speranza, "Chimica Generale e Inorganica", Edi Ermes
2) M. Silberberg, P. Amateis "Chimica", McGraw-Hill 4 Ed.
3) T. L. Brown, H. E. LeMay, B. E. Bursten, C. J. Murphy, P. M. Woodward, M. W. Stoltzfus “Fondamenti di Chimica”, IV Edizione, Ed. Edises
4) P. Atkins, L. Jones "Principi di Chimica", Ed. Zanichelli

Stechiometria:
F. Cacace, M. Schiavello, "Stechiometria", ed Bulzoni.
I. Bertini, F. Mani, C. Luchinat "Stechiometria" ed. CEA

1.Measurement and Vectors
2.Motion in One Dimension; Motion in two and three Dimensions
3.Newton’s Laws and their applications
4.Work and Kinetic Energy
5.The Conservation of Energy
6.Conservation of Linear Momentum
7.Rotation
8.Angular Momentum
9.Gravity
10.Static Equilibrium and Elasticity
11. Fluids
12.Oscillations; Traveling Waves;Superposition and Standing Waves
13.Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases
14.Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics
15.The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Detailed Program of the course:
Measurement units. International System. Conversions between units of measure. Laws of motion in one dimension: position, average speed, instantaneous speed. Average and instantaneous acceleration. Uniformly accelerated motion. Vectors and their properties.
Components of a vector. Versors. Motion in two dimensions: vector position, displacement, average speed. Instantaneous speed, average acceleration, instant acceleration. Circular motion kinematics: centripetal and tangential acceleration. Examples. Relative speed.

First law of dynamics, inertial reference systems. Principle of dynamics. Third Principle of Dynamics. Gravitational force. Inertial mass and gravitational mass. Normal reaction. Elastic force. Motion in fluid: resistance and limit speed. Dynamics of circular motion: centripetal force.


Work. Scalar product between two vectors. Kinetic energy theorem. Work of elastic force. Power. Conservative forces. Potential energy: gravitational and elastic potential energy. Non-conservative forces. Principle of mechanical energy conservation. Work of friction force and thermal energy.

Material Point Systems: Mass Center Definition. Determination of mass center for discrete and continuous systems. Linear momentum of a material point and a system of material points. The first cardinal equation of dynamics. Law of momentum conservation. Kinetic energy of a material point system: Konig theorem.

Impulse and impulse theorem. Elastic and inelastic collisions and examples. Rotation. Kinetic energy of a rotating body. Moment of inertia for discrete system of material points and continuous systems. Huygens-Steiner Theorem. Newton's second law for rotations. Moment of force. Examples and applications. Second cardinal equation of dynamics. Conservation of the angular momentum.

Oscillations. Period, frequency. Simple harmonic oscillator: general solution, period of harmonic oscillator simple. Examples. Simple harmonic motion and circular motion. Energy in simple harmonic motion. Examples of oscillating systems. Energy in the harmonic oscillator. Merit Factor. Examples. Forced oscillator and resonance.
Young module.
Fluids: density, surface volume forces, pressure. Stevino's Law. Pascal's principle, hydraulic jack. The Torricelli barometer for the measurement of atmospheric pressure. The pressure gauge. Archimedes Principle. Fluid dynamics: mass flow, volume flow, continuity equation. Bernoulli's theorem. Particular cases of Bernoulli's Theorem. Fluids: viscosity, Poiseuille law. Rolling and turbulent motion: Reynolds number. Surface tension, adhesion coefficient, concave and convex meniscus, contact angle.

Elastic waves. Transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Wave Equation. Speed of propagation of a wave. Propagation speed of a sound wave. Periodic waves. Wavelength, frequency, period, wave number, pulsation. Energy carried by a wave. Longitudinal sound waves. Energy of a sound wave. Waves in three dimensions: wavefront and spherical waves. Intensity. Waves and obstacles: Reflection, transmission and refraction. Interference. Doppler effect. Stationary waves.
Thermal equilibrium and temperature: zero principle of thermodynamics. Centigrade thermometer, gas thermometers and absolute temperature. The perfect gas state equation. Kinetic gas theory: gas pressure, microscopic temperature interpretation, energy equalization theorem.

Thermal capacity and specific heat. Status changes and latent heat. First principle of thermodynamics. Internal energy of a perfect gas. Thermodynamic transformations. Quasi-static and balance state transformations. Work and PV diagram for a gas: PV diagrams. Specific gases of perfect gases: specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure. Specific heat and energy equalization theorem.

Thermal machines and second thermodynamic principle: Kelvin statement, Clausius statement. Refrigerant machines according to the principle of thermodynamics. Equivalence of the two statements. Carnot Machine. Absolute temperature scale. Irreversibility, disorder and entropy. Entropy of a perfect gas. Entropy variations for some transformations. Entropy and second principle of thermodynamics. Consider the microscopic meaning of entropy.

Statistic and uncertain theory.
Casual and systematic errors. Experimental errors as measurement uncertainties. Uncertainty representation. Significant figures . Comparison between measured values and accepted values. Comparison between two measurements. Relative and absolute errors. Uncertainties in the direct measurements. Uncertainties in the product and ratio. Propagation error formula.
Mean and standard deviation. Histogram and limit distribution. Normal distribution. Interpretation of standard deviation in terms of confidence of 68. Justification of using the mean value as better value.
Linear correlation coefficient.

The following Physical Laboratory experiences (mandatory) exercises are also provided:
-measurement of the elastic constant of a spring;
-measurement of the oscillation period of a pendulum;
- measurement of the density of a body;
- measurement of the specific heat of a body.

P.A. Tipler, G. Mosca, “Corso di Fisica: Meccanica, Onde, Termodinamica”, ed Zanichelli.
J.R. Taylor, “Introduzione all'analisi degli errori. Lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche”, ed Zanichelli.

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
1. Equations with separable variables, Cauchy theorem, solution calculation
2. Linear equations of the first order with variable, homogeneous and non-homogeneous coefficients, solution calculation.
3. Homogeneous equations of the second order with constant coefficients, calculation of the homogeneous solution, characteristic equation, positive, negative and zero discriminant, solution independence, Wronskian, calculation of integration constants with initial conditions (Cauchy problem).
4. Non-homogeneous equations of the second order with constant coefficients, calculation of the solution as a combination of the homogeneous solution and a particular integral, calculation of the particular integral with the constant variation method, calculation of the particular integral with the method of verisimilitude (comparison), in the case in which the known function is a polynomial of degree n, an exponential function, a trigonometric function.
5. Study of first and second order equations: Malthus equation and logistic equation.
6. First order autonomous equations, analysis of critical points, qualitative analysis
7. Particular equations: of Bernouilli, homogeneous, generalized homogeneous, of D’Alembert, of Clairaut, Implicit differential equations of the type or of the type Pure normal equations of order n of the type, problem of the supported beam
8. Autonomous systems of the first order with constant coefficients, analysis of critical points by eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system matrix, orbits, classification of the critical point: stable, asymptotically stable, unstable. Systems in 2 dimensions: classification of orbits, node, center, fire,(or saddle point).

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULATION OF ALGEBRAIC CURVES
1. Vector-valued functions from a
2. Vector calculus: linear dependence and independence, vector spaces, operations between vectors, between vectors and scalars, vector product, scalar product and mixed product. Operations between vectors in intrinsic form and in terms of components. Limits and derivatives of vectors
3. Plane curves in explicit, implicit and parametric form. Curves in polar coordinates. Conics in polar form. Closed, open, simple and regular curves.
4. Correctable and non-rectifiable curve. Length of a rectifiable curve, curvilinear abscissa. Curvilinear integral, calculation of the center of gravity and moment of inertia of a material line.
5. Mobile data: tangent, normal and binormal vector. Curvature and torsion. Formulas for calculating the curvature and torsion according to the curvilinear abscissa and any parameter. Curvature and torsion calculation for the cylindrical propeller. Frenet differential formulas.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULATION FOR MORE VARIABLE FUNCTIONS
1. Functions from to
2. Graphs, level sets and sets of definition of functions of several variables
3. Limits and continuity for functions of several variables. Calculation of limits, restriction method and polar coordinates.
4. Open, closed, unopened or closed sets. Border points. Interior of a whole. Closing of a set. Together simply connected. Convex sets.
5. Weierstrass theorem on the existence of max and min (only statement), theorem of existence of zeros (only statement). Examples.
6. Partial derivatives, tangent plan
7. Differentiability, gradient, directional derivatives. Direction of maximum growth and zero growth of a function
8. Second differential, successive derivatives, Schwarz theorem. Hessian matrix, Taylor's second-order formula, Lagrange's and Peano's rest.
9. Elementary quadratic forms. Defined, semidefinite and indefinite forms. Fermat's theorem. Max and min points Saddle points. Restriction method for saddle points.
10. Free extremes. Study of the nature of the critical points through the minors of the Hessian or through its eigenvalues.
11. Bound extremes. Lagrange multipliers.

INTEGRAls CALCULATION FOR MORE VARIABLE FUNCTIONS
1. Double integrals: integral of a bounded function defined on a rectangle, reduction formula for rectangular sets, reduction for separable functions defined on rectangular sets. Functions that can be integrated on non-rectangular domains. Normal (simple) sets. Regular sets. Measurable set. Measurement sets zero. Elementary properties of the double integral.
2. Calculation of double integrals: reduction method for normal (simple) domains. Calculation of centroids and moments of inertia. Calculation of double integrals: change of variables. Jacobian. Change from Cartesian to polar coordinates. Double generalized integrals. Improper integrals. Integral of the Gaussian.
3. Calculation of triple integrals. Integration "by wire". "Layered" integration. Change of variable in triple integrals. Geometric and physical interpretations of triple integrals: volume, mass, center of gravity, moment of inertia.
VECTOR FIELDS (Chapter 4, 6 of the theory book)
1. Operators: gradient, rotor and divergence. Properties of operators. Iteration of differential operators. Differential identities.
2. Line integral of a vector field. Work of a vector field and circuitry. Line integrals of the first species and second species. Conservative and potential fields. Expression of work for a conservative field as a function of potential. Irrotational fields. Simply connected sets. Sufficient condition on the whole because an irrotational field defined in both conservative.
3. Solenoid fields and vector potential. Maxwell equations. Lorentz condition on the vector potential. Wave equation. Wave equation solution.
4. Gauss-Green formulas in the plane.
5. Area and surface integrals: area of a given surface in parametric form, area element on the surface, area of a given surface in Cartesian form, area of a surface of rotation. Surface integral of a scalar function. Calculation of barycentre and moments of inertia.
Surface integral of a vector field, flow: orientable and non-orientable surfaces, edge of a surface, Moebius strip, flow of a vector field through a surface.
1. Theorem of divergence (Gauss). Rotor theorem (Stokes). Deduction of the Gauss and Stokes theorem from the Gauss-Green formulas.

SERIES OF POWERS AND SERIES OF FOURIER
1. Series of functions. Examples: geometric series and exponential series. Total convergence of a series of functions. Derivability and integrability of a term term series that totally converges. Applications to the calculation of function series using the derived series.
2. Power series. Convergence radius. Root and ratio criteria for calculating the convergence radius. Behavior of a series of powers at the ends of the convergence interval.
3. Trigonometric series. Fourier series. Calculation of the Fourier series coefficients. Fourier series with periods other than. Complex exponential form of the Fourier series.

Analisi Matematica 2, M. Bramanti, C. Pagani, S. Salsa, Zanichelli

Grouped theoretical topics:
- Classes of materials of technological interest and their characterizing properties (mechanical, thermal, electrical properties and relative measurements).
- Relationships between microstructure and properties (defects in crystals, solid solutions).
- References on heterogeneous balances and state diagrams.
- Plastics: polymerization and polymer structure (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, PMMA, polyester, phenolic, polyamide, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, silicones, elastomers); property; processing. Degradation mechanisms.
- Composite materials: classification. Matrices and reinforcements. Compatibilizers. Fiber glass. Carbon fibers. Aramid fibers. Production and properties. Manufacturing processes. Metal matrix, ceramic matrix and polymer matrix composites. Sandwich structures. Outline of mechanical properties and reinforcement mechanisms.
- Metallic materials. Ferrous alloys: cast iron, simple and alloyed steels (for carpentry, stainless, for tools). Ferro-carbon state diagram. Heat treatments of steel (hardening, annealing, normalization).
- Corrosion phenomena in metals. Corrosion protection methods.
- Materials for electronics. Electrical conduction in metals. Intrinsic semiconductors. Extrinsic semiconductors. Doping. Devices
semiconductors. Microelectronics. Semiconductor compounds. Electrical properties of ceramic materials. Dielectric properties.
Ceramic materials for capacitors. Ceramic semiconductors. Ferroelectric ceramics. Piezoelectricity.
- Glassy Materials: Glasses. Factors that influence the formation of a glass. Electronegativity and type of bond. Viscosity. Thermodynamics of glass formation. Glass transition temperature. Crystallization kinetics and glass formation. Structures and classifications of glass. Metallic glasses. Glass-ceramic.

Specific topics of the course:
Introduction to the course. Introduction to the materials being studied and the need to evaluate their properties. Properties of metallic, polymeric and ceramic materials in relation to the structure and types of bonding. Notes on composite materials. Ionic and covalent bond. Metallic bond. Secondary ties. Properties of materials in light of the nature of the bonds. Metal structure. Spatial lattice and unit cells. Crystalline systems and Bravais lattices. Cubic and hexagonal patterns. Atomic packing factors. Miller indices. Comparison between CFC and EC lattice. Polymorphism and allotropy. Elements of X-ray diffraction. Amorphous materials. Solidification and imperfections. Homogeneous and heterogeneous solidification. Energies involved in homogeneous solidification. Crystal growth. Grains. Replacement and interstitial solid solutions. Point defects: holidays and interstitial atoms. C in the Fe lattice: role of APF and forms of the voids. Line defects: dislocations. Burgers vector. Motion of dislocations in plastic deformation. Dislocation motion: analogies. Plastic deformation and role of dislocations. Work hardening. Wheat borders. Edges of twins. Grain size. Mechanical properties. Mechanical reaction of a material to stress: plastic, elastic deformation and breakage. Static and dynamic forces. Mechanical resistance tests: tensile test; nominal stresses and deformations; stress / strain graph; elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson modulus; ductility and its measures; stress at break and friction. Effort and real deformations. Examples of tensile tests for different materials. Fracture behavior. Ductile and fragile fracture. Toughness. Fracture in the presence of defects. Test of resilience. Ductile / brittle transition temperature. Hardness and hardness tests. Fatigue behavior. Fatigue tests. Metal creep and creep tests. Thermal properties: conductivity, thermal capacity, linear and volume expansion; transition temperatures. Electrical conductivity: Ohm's law. Primary and secondary metallurgy. Cast iron and steel production. Blast Furnace. Primary and secondary steel industry. Metalworking. Strengthening mechanisms. Work hardening and temperature effect. Grain size control. Strengthening for solid solution. Effect of alloying elements. Notes on wet and dry corrosion. Reduction potentials. Liabilities. Corrosion forms: thinning, pitting, stress corrosion cracking and selective corrosion. Corrosion of iron in a humid environment. Pourbaix diagrams. Outline of polarization curves. Corrosion protection methods: painting; galvanizing; anodizing; cathodic protection. Notes on the design and modification of the environment to reduce corrosion. State diagrams: equilibrium microstructures. Binary state diagrams: complete miscibility in liquid and solid state. Determination of the number of phases, their composition and subscription

W.D. CALLISTER “Scienza e ingegneria dei materiali. Una introduzione”, EdiSES.
BERTOLINI: 'Materiali da costruzione. Volume I ' Citta'Studi Edizioni
M. LUCCO BORLERA, C. BRISI: 'Tecnologia dei materiali e Chimica Applicata' Levrotto e Bella
W.F. SMITH, J.HASHEMI: 'Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali' McGraw-Hill,
V. ALUNNO ROSSETTI: 'Il calcestruzzo: Materiali e Tecnologia' McGraw-Hill,
A. R. WEST “Solid state Chemistry and its Applications”, John Wiley & Sons
W.F. SMITH & J. HASHEMI “Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali”, McGraw-Hill.
Dispense del docente

Electromagnetism
Electric charge. Insulation conductors. Coulomb's law. Electric field. Electric dipole. Action of a field on charges and poles. Electrical fields from continuous charge distributions. Gauss law in integral and differential form. Calculation of the electric field with the law of Gauss and considerations of symmetry. Potential. Electrical potential for point charges and continuous distribution of charges. Relationship between electric field and potential. Potential electrostatic energy. Capacity and capacitors. Dielectric. Electrostatic field energy. Circuits with batteries and capacitors (in series and in parallel). Electric current and charged motion. Power density and drift speed. Ohm's Resistance and Law. Energy in electrical circuits. Fem and batteries. Resistances in series and in parallel. Read kirchhoff. Single and multi-mesh circuits. Measurement tools: Amperometers, voltmeters and ohmmeters and applications. RC circuits. Magnetic field. Strength (of Lorentz) exerted by a magnetic field on charges and wires driven by current. Motion of a charge in a magnetic field. Applications: measurement (of Thompson) of q/m for the electron; mass spectrometer; cyclotron. Moments exerted on current coils and magnets. Energy of a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field. Hall effect. Earth's magnetic field. Magnetic field sources. Biot-Savart's Law. Magnetic field from current circulation in a wire, in a loop, in a solenoid. Magnetic force between wires. Gauss's law for magnetism. Ampere's law and its limitations. Magnetism of matter. Magnetization and magnetic susception. Paramagnetism, ferromagnetism and diamagnetism and applications. Magnetic induction. Fem induced and law of Faraday-Neuman -Lenz. It is a statement. Generators and engines and applications. Parasitic currents. Inductance. Self- and mutual-inductance. Magnetic energy. RL circuits. Alternate current circuits. Effective values. Alternating current in resistors, inductors and capacitors. Ballasts. Transformer. LC and RLC circuits without and with generator. Fasori. Resonance. Filters. Maxwell equations (in integral and differential form) and electromagnetic waves. Deriving the wave equation for electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic radiation and its spectrum with applications. Production of electromagnetic waves, radiation of electric dipole. Energy and pulse of an electromagnetic wave. Poynting vector and radiation pressure.

Geometric and physical optics
Light and light propagation. Principles of Huygens and Fermat. Reflection and refraction. Snell's Law. Refraction index. Internal reflection: Dispersion. Polarization. Malus's Law. Polarization for reflection and diffusion. Consistent and inconsistent sources of light. Flat and spherical mirrors. Formations of images from mirrors. Equation of a mirror. Refraction image formations. Lenses. Thin, converging and divergent lenses. Image formations in such lenses. Equation of the lens manufacturer. Power of a lens. Equation of thin lenses and their conventions. System with slower. Aberrations. Optical instruments: the eye, the simple magnifier, the microscope, the telescope. enlargement. Eye defects and their correction. Interference and diffraction. Phase difference and consistency. Interference from two slits (Young). Interference in thin layers. Intensity of the fringes. Single-slit diffraction. Combined interference and diffraction. Use of fasori. Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction. Diffraction and resolution. Application to the human eye. Diffraction networks and their decisive power.

Modern physics
Crisis of classical physics and the birth of modern (quantum) physics. Law by Stefan-Boltzmann, of Wien of Rayleigh-Jeans. How many and Planck's law. Duality particle wave. Photoelectric and Compton effect. Heisenberg's principle of indeterminacy. De Broglie hypothesis. Electron interference and diffraction. Wave function and energy quantization in confined systems. Schrodinger equation Bohr model for hydrogen atom. Energies and rays of the orbits. Explanation of the spectral series. Quantum numbers. Organization of electrons in atoms.
The following (mandatory) Physics Laboratory II are also planned:
-Oscilloscope, multimeter, function generator, power supply. Safety standards.
-Experimental ohm law; circuits with resistancein series and in parallel.
-Experimental study of an RC circuit: charge and discharge a capacitor.
-Experience of geometric optics and physical optics.

-P.A. Tipler, G. Mosca, Vol. 2: “Elettricità Magnetismo Ottica” e Vol. 3: "Fisica Moderna", ed Zanichelli.
-P. Mazzoldi, M. Nigro, C. Voci: "Fisica Volume II" ed. Edises.
-R.A. Serway, J.W. Jewett, et al. "Fisica per Science ed Ingegneria 2" ed. Edises.

- Systems of applied forces and equilibrium conditions. Infinitesimal rigid displacement field. Theorem of virtual work for rigid bodies. Definition, static and kinematic aspects and multiplicity of constraints.
Structural mechanics: Elements of Rigid Structures Mechanics.
Introduction to plane structures and setting of the static problem.
Compatibility problem of structures.
Centers of relative and absolute displacement: definition, relation constraints-centers , theorems of alignment.
The fundamental relationship between lability, hyperstaticity, constrain multiplicity and the number of rigid bodies.
Theorems of displacements and forces for virtual rigid structures.
The characteristics of the stress in the structures and indefinite equations of equilibrium.
Elements of graphical static.
Static of trusses: definition and static analysis methods.
Structural mechanics: Elements of Mechanics deformable Structures.
Technical theory of the beam: the models of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko. Equations of the elastic line.
Inelastic effects and thermal distortions on the structures.
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures: the force method.
The theorem of virtual work for the analysis of deformable structures.
Geometry of areas.
Kinematics: kinematic structure of mechanisms.
Kinematic pairs and classification criteria.
Calculation of degrees of freedom in a mechanism.
The equations method of closure.
Analysis of the configurations.
Matrix method for the calculation of g.d.l.
Reminders of the main relationships between speed and acceleration in rigid motions.
The method of polar diagrams.

- Paolo Casini,Marcello Vasta - Scienza delle Costruzioni - CittàStudi

1. Introduction, basic definitions;
2. Mass conservation principle;
3. First law of thermodynamics;
4. Second law of thermodynamics;
5. Gibbs equations, expansion work, mechanical energy equation, p-v and T-s diagrams, thermal irreversibility;
6. Thermodynamic states: p-T, p-v, T-s, h-s and p-h diagrams, ideal gas, incompressible liquid;
7. Ideal adiabatic transformation, polytropic transformation, superheated steam, biphasic liquid-aerial mixture;
8. Direct thermodynamic cycles: Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Joule, Rankine;
9. Reverse thermodynamic cycles: Carnot, Rankine;
10. Moist air: enthalpy, specific volume, specific and relative humidity, dew temperature, dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, adiabatic saturation temperature;
11. Moist air: psychrometric diagram, simple cooling and heating, adiabatic mixing, cooling and dehumidification, heating and humidification, adiabatic humidification.

Main:
A. Cesarano, P. Mazzei, Elementi di Termodinamica Applicata, Liguori
L. Bellia, P. Mazzei, F. Minichiello, Aria umida. Climatizzazione ed involucro edilizio. Teoria, applicazione e software, Liguori
Others:
Y. Cengel, Termodinamica e Trasmissione del Calore, McGraw-Hill
P. Brunello, Lezioni di Fisica Tecnica, EdiSES
P. Mazzei, R. Vanoli, Fondamenti di Termodinamica, Liguori
M.A. Cucumo, V. Marinelli, Termodinamica applicata, Pitagora
G. Moncada Lo Giudice, Termodinamica applicata, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

1. Introduction. Heat transfer modes: conduction, convection and radiation. Thermal Fields. Fourier's Postulate.
2. Fourier's Law. Heat transfer through a flat wall and a multilayer wall. Thermal contact resistances
3. Convection. Phenomenological analysis. Boundary layer. Natural and forced convection. Convective heat transfer coefficient.
4. Dimensional analysis method. Buckingham’s Theorem. Dimensionless parameters and their meaning
5. Introduction on the indices method. Correlations among dimensionless numbers for practical us
6. Radiation. Radiant energy: definitions, properties, absorption coefficient. Emission and absorption properties of condensed bodies. Principle of Kirchhoff. Black body laws.
7. Radiative properties of bodies. Heat exchange between flat facing surfaces. Radiation shields. Applications. Adduction
8. Multi-layer flat wall between two fluids. Transmittance. Wall cavities. Matt and glazed walls exposed to solar radiation.
9. Fundamental acoustic parameters. Acoustic waves and fields: propagation, sources and spectra. Audiograms
10. Sound-absorbing materials. Sound insulating structures.
11. Phonometer

M. Felli: Lezioni di Fisica Tecnica 2: Trasmissione del Calore, Acustica, Tecnica dell’Illuminazione, Nuova edizione a cura di Cinzia Buratti, Morlacchi editore, 2010.

Teacher/Lecture Notes (pdf)

Electromagnetic fields. Main vector operators. Basic definitions. Maxwell equations in integral form. Electrostatics. Laplace and Poisson equations. Capacitors. Lumped parameters electric circuits. Kirchhoff’s laws. Main circuit components: resistors, inductors, capacitors, independent voltage and current generators. Stationary regimes. Resistances in parallel and in series. Delta-wye transformation. Methods of analysis of electrical circuits. Kirchhoff equations method. Nodal analysis. Mesh analysis. Effect superposition principle. Tellegen, Norton and Thevenin theorems. Study of transients. RC, RL, RLC circuits. Definition of the initial conditions for the analysis of transients, I and II order. Solution of I and II order transient circuits. Sinusoidal regimes. Ohm symbolic law and concept of impedance. Kirchhoff symbolic laws. The symbolic method for the analysis of electric circuits in sinusoidal regimes. Power in sinusoidal regime. Three phase systems.. Power in a three phase system. Magnetostatics. Magnetic properties of matter, diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, magnetic circuits, self and mutual induction coefficients. Hopkinson’s law. Electrical machines. Principles of electro-mechanical conversion of energy. Loss phenomena in electrical machines. The transformer. Working principle. Field hypotheses. Internal and external equations. Equivalent circuits. Transformers working in open circuit and short circuit. Measurement of the efficiency. Rotating magnetic field. Induction machines. Working principle. Internal and external equations. Equivalence theorem. Mechanic and electro-mechanic characteristics. Synchronous machines. Working principle. Internal and external equations. Power systems. Converters AC/DC and DC/AC, diode, BJT and thyristor.

Lecture Notes and presentations
Giulio Fabricatore, Elettrotecnica e applicazioni, Liguori Editori, 1994
Luigi Verolino, Introduzione alle reti elettriche, EdiSES, 2013
Maurizio Repetto, Sonia Lea, Elettrotecnica. Elementi di Teoria ed Esercizi svolti, Città Studi Editore, 2014

Fluid properties

Tensor Algebra

Kinematics of fluids

Fluid mechanics equations

Hydrostatics

lecture notes from "Lezioni del corso di fluidodinamica", R. Verzicco

0) Fluid machinery classification
1) Fluid motion in steady ducts of turbo machinery
a) Incompressible and compressible flow
b) total and critic conditions
c) Friction in steady ducts
d) Hugoniot equations
e) Mass flow rate through a steady duct: chocking
f) accelerating ducts and diffusers
2) Fluid motion within rotors
a) absolute and relative reference frames
b) Euler equation
c) Rotor work as energy variation
d) Flow-work relation
3) Dimensional analysis in torbomachinery
4) Pumps
a) basic elements
b) performance parameters
c) Statistic diagrams
d) Reaction rate
e) Centrifugal pumps (velocity triangles and blade shape, diffuser, volute)
f) Axial pumps (velocity triangles and blade shape, diffuser, radial equilibrium)
5) Inserting the pump in the circuit
a) Characteristic curves
b) Parallel and series of pumps
c) flow control
d) cavitation

1) V. Dossena, G. Ferrari, P. Gaetani, G. Montenegro, A. Onorati, G. Persico, MACCHINE A FLUIDO, CittàStudiEdizioni
2) S. Larry Dixon, Cesare Hall Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery

Design methods for heat exchangers:
-co-current heat exchangers;
-counter-current heat exchangers;
-cross flow and compact heat exhcangers;

Heat exchangers off design

Steam generators and boilers.

Kreith, priciples of heat transter

- Introduction to mechanical drawing
- Standardization and unification
- Representation methods
- Orthogonal projections
- Sections
- Dimensioning
- Rugosity, Dimensional and Geometrical Tolerancing
- Threads and threaded organs
- Joints
- Guides
- Mechanical transmissions

- Chirone E., Tornincasa S., 2014, “Disegno Tecnico Industriale”, Vol. 1 e 2, Edizioni il capitello
- Teaching materials distributed by the teacher

References to the main properties of the materials with a technological interest. The mechanical and technological tests according to the workability of metallic materials.
Surface technology: dimensional and surficial metrology, tribology.
Manufacturing processes by merger. Ingot: life, defects, typical structure. Continuous casting. Transient form casting. Solidification and final structure of the metallic alloys. The thermal size reduction. Directional solidification. Sizing of power systems. Range action of sprues. Coolers. Recovery and residual thermal stresses. Process tolerances. Allowances. Fillet radii. Techno-economic aspects of foundry processes.
Machining by chip removal. Chip forming. Classification of chip removal machining. Turning: the structure of the machines, types of work, equipment, cutting cross-section, forces and powers cutting, roughness. Drilling: the structure of the machines, types of tools, real rake angles.
Processing by plastic deformation. Plastic behavior of metals. Criteria of plasticity. Permanent deformations. Deformation work. Forging and stamping: general notes, forces, work, machines. Lamination: general notes, computing elements on the lamination, length of rolling, conditions of entrance, rolling speed, section neutral, rolling forces, torque and power, lamination pressure, enlargement of flat-rolled, rolling of sections, the machines structure. Extrusion: general, extrusion dies, extrusion forces. Wire drawing: general; drawing forces, work, dies.
Welds. Autogenous and heterogeneous, oxyacetylene flame welding, arc welding, controlled atmosphere welding, resistance welding. Unconventional welding techniques. Defects and fracture of welded joints. Mechanical properties of welded joints.

Serope Kalpakjian, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, editore Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

The problem of De Saint Venant. Setting and solution. Simple stresses : normal stress, bending, biaxial bending, compression bending, torsion, shear. The criteria of resistance to brittle and ductile materials: the elastic limit.
Design methods. Pre-design of structural components. Static checks, deformability checks, fatigue checks. Stress: Calculation in one-dimensional elements. Tensile, bending and torsion stresses in one-dimensional elements. Coefficient of stress concentration Kt.
Materials: Mechanical characterization of materials. Fatigue: Fatigue resistance in absence of defects, trigger mechanisms and propagation.
Transmissions: Classification of gear transmissions.
Features of involute profiles. Modular proportioning. Calculation of thickness of the tooth. The interference and methods for its elimination.
Function of a mechanical power transmission. Principle relations: transmission ratio, power, torque, efficiency, etc.
General information on the design of the gears. Involute teeth correction. Loads on shaft from Cylindrical spur gears and helical gears.
Strength calculation of gears: bending of the teeth. General information about the strength calculation of gears and load distribution on teeth pairs.

- Juvinall, Marshek - Fondamenti di costruzione di macchine - Editore: CittàStudi
- Giovannozzi, Costruzione di macchine, Patron

Detailed Program:
The course is subdivided into eight didactical units and experimental trials that are reported in the following:
1. Metrology (12 hours): Measurement procedures, Measurement unit systems, Sensors, Static and Dynamic characteristics of measurement systems, Influence quantities, design of experimental setup; Experience on first order instruments, Experience on second order instruments.
2. Calibration and statistics (12 hours): Gauss probability distribution, standard deviation, statistical inference tests, confidence, guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, type A and type B uncertainty, propagation of uncertainties and distributions; Experience on potentiometer calibration.
3. Operational amplifiers and Filters (10 hours): inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, ideal and real amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, bandwidth filter, Notch filter; Experience on operational amplifiers.
4. Electrical measurements (6 hours); Galvanometer, amperometer, clamp meter, voltmeter, Wheatstone Bridge, resistance measurements.
5. Thermal measurements (10 hours): Thermal measurement units, Platinum thermometer, thermistor, thermocouple, chemical thermometer, ultrasound thermometer, calibration; Experience on thermal measurements.
6. Strain, Force and Pressure measurements (10 hours); Strain gauge, load cell design, tension, bending and shear load cell, multi-component load cell, torquemeter, load cell calibration, manometer, vacuometer, pressure sensor calibration; Experience on load cells.
7. Dimensional, displacement, and velocity measurements (6 hours): ruler, caliper, micrometer, bore gauge, gauge block, CMM, potentiometer, LVDT, Encoder, laser scanner, speedometer.
8. Viscosity and flow measurements: viscometers, flow meters, Venturi meter, Pitot-tube, hot-wire anemometers.

E. O. DOEBELIN Measurement Systems: Application and Design , Mac Graw Hill

Introduction to Production Systems. Classification of production systems. Push, pull and mixed systems production policies. Industrial processes and plant engineering study. Technical-economic comparison between different processes / layouts. Sizing of Industrial Plants. Production capacity, crossing time and WIP. Performance composed of a production system and main causes of efficiency reduction (OEE). Sizing criteria of a production system.
Material handling and storage systems. General information on the treatment of materials. Classification and overview of internal handling systems: rollers, belts, hoists, trolleys, AGV, AEM. Classification and overview of material storage systems: stacked warehouses, traditional racking warehouses, automated warehouses. Selection criteria and design principles for material handling systems. Conveyor systems sizing principles: rollers, belts and hoists, trolleys and AGVs. Sizing principles for storage systems: warehouse served by forklifts, automatic warehouse served by stacker crane.
Generalization of service plants. General operating scheme of a service plant. General principles of production management. Analysis of the times of a line, balancing and study of the plant efficiency (OEE). Cycle time and pairing. Failure and setup availability: maintenance management policies and production planning.

A.Monte, ''Elementi di Impianti Industriali'', voll 1 e 2, Ed. Cortina, 1994
F.Turco, ''Principi generali di progettazione degli impianti industriali'', Ed. Città Studi, 1993
Appunti dalle lezioni.

Design methods for heat exchangers:
-co-current heat exchangers;
-counter-current heat exchangers;
-cross flow and compact heat exhcangers;

Heat exchangers off design

Steam generators and boilers.

Kreith, priciples of heat transter

- Introduction to mechanical drawing
- Standardization and unification
- Representation methods
- Orthogonal projections
- Sections
- Dimensioning
- Rugosity, Dimensional and Geometrical Tolerancing
- Threads and threaded organs
- Joints
- Guides
- Mechanical transmissions

- Chirone E., Tornincasa S., 2014, “Disegno Tecnico Industriale”, Vol. 1 e 2, Edizioni il capitello
- Teaching materials distributed by the teacher