Degree Course: Landscape and environmental planning and design Syllabus for A.Y. 2020/2021  

The concept of "model" will be introduced, which is the basis of the operation of synthesis deriving from the reading of space and which is needed for any graphic translation of the complexity of real space.
This fundamental geometric model, intended as an interpretative scheme of reality and design prefiguration, is the starting point of any graphic control of space and must be investigated in its general and scalar characteristics to be translated in the formal vocabulary on the basis of which it can be articulated.
The different possibilities of graphic rendering of this "model" and the fundamental projection and section operations that structure the graphic translation will therefore be presented, both in the case of expressive drawing, from life or freehand, and in the case of a drawing based on one-to-one relationship which is the basis of descriptive geometry and its methods (technical and scientific design).
The methods of representation will be presented in their specificity. Alongside the scientific foundamentals underlying traditional methods (parallel or central projection; orthogonal projections, quoted projections, axonometry, perspective), the main scope of application and specific characteristics will be discussed for each method.
The scales of representation - with particular attention to the intermediate scales that best support the design of the territory, landscape and urban context - must finally be investigated in their peculiarities, identifying their characteristics, communicative potential, application context and graphic conventions.
Through a continuous exercise of the eye/hand/pencil relationship, the student will be educated to distinguish, within the surrounding space, the significant elements, essential to graphic transcription which is the basis of both the design hypotheses and the communication. This will take place through exercises provided both in the classroom and in open air, with specific and pre-established outings together with the teacher.
The technical drawing will be the subject of exercises that the student will carry out both in the classroom and at home, supported by suitable graphic tools, both for freehand drawing and for drawing supported by both technical and/or IT tools.

1_Riccardo Migliari. 2009. Geometria descrittiva, metodi e costruzioni -vol. I. Novara: CittàStudi.
2_Mario Dacci, Diego Maestri, Marco Gaiani. 2011. Scienza del disegno. Novara: CittàStudi.
3_Mario Dacci. 1999. Manuale di disegno architettonico. Bari: Laterza.

Other texts will be suggested at the end of each lessons.

Module 1 (8 hours) Morpho-functional organization of plants from cell to individual level: distinctive characteristics of plant cell (wall cell, plastids, vacuole), elements of plant growth and differentiation, notes on plant histology, organization, function and adaptation of plant organs (root, stem and leaf).
Module 2 (4 hours) Life processes of plants: notes on photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition and transport.
Module 3 (6 hours) Plant Reproduction: distinctive characteristics of vegetative and sexual reproduction with particularly attention for reproduction in Angiosperms, flower elements, notes on pollination; fecundation, seed germination, fruit development and seed dispersal.
Module 4 (4 hours) Plant architecture: plant form and branching, trees, shrubs, size and characteristics of plant canopy in tree species.
Module 5 (8 hours) Plant Functional Types: concept of plant functional types and plant functional traits, evergreen species, deciduous species, drought-semideciduous species, grass and woody plants, annual, biennial and perennial species.
Module 6 (6 hours) Factors affecting terrestrial plant distribution: areal and chorotypes, biomes, biological forms, exotic species.
Module 7 (6 hours) Plant origin and diversity: plant evolution, concept of species, elements of systematics and taxonomy, concept of biodiversity, evaluation and conservation of the biodiversity, threats to biodiversity.
Module 8 (6 hours) Environmental plant adaptation: plant response to main environmental stress factors (drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, flooding, pollution).

Sadava D., Hillis D.M., Heller H.C., Hacker S.D. - La Biologia delle Piante (Vol. 4)- Zanichelli
Pasqua G., Abbate G. & Forni C. -Botanica generale e Diversità vegetale (Capitoli 25 e 26) - Piccin

I Pdf delle lezioni vengono messi a disposizione degli studenti. Per alcuni degli argomenti trattati a lezione il docente potrà fornire, inoltre, materiale didattico (dispense), scientifico e divulgativo

Introduction and review of basic mathematical notions. Natural numbers, sum and product of natural numbers. Neutral element and inverses. Relative numbers and rational numbers. Irrational and real numbers. Consistency and density of the real numbers. Units of measurement and conversion factors. Intervals. Operations. Scientific notation. Approximations. Equations and inequalities. Sets, inclusion relation, set representation with Eulero-Venn diagrams. Intersection, union, difference. Complement operation and cartesian product. Properties of the set operations.
Functions and Properties of function. Injective, surjective, bijective functions. Real Functions of a Real Variable and their Geometrical Representation: graph, domain, codomain and image. Symmetry. Increasing and decreasing functions. Dependent and independent variables. Functional notation. Range and domain. The graph of a function. Function transformations: shifting, stretching, reflecting, sum, product and composition. Inverse functions. One-to-one and invertible functions. Determining the graph and equation of the inverse.
Algebraic functions. Linear functions, quadratic functions, polynomial, power and rational functions. Transcendental functions: exponential and logarithmic functions. Introduction to trigonometric functions. Function composition. The inverse function.
Limits and Continuity. Definition of limits, properties and calculating the limits. Limits of functions, continuity and asymptotes.
Derivatives The Tangent to a Curve and the Derivative of a Function. Definition and calculation of derivative: algebraic and transcendental functions. The First and Second Derivatives. Left and right derivatives, higher order derivatives. Necessary condition of differentiability (with proof). Non differentiable functions.. Global and local maximum and minimum. Extreme value theorem. Differentiability and monotonicity. Differentiability and local extremes. Concavity and inflection points (with proofs). Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of inflection points (with proofs). De l’Hospital Theorem.
Integration. Definite integration. Integrable and non integrable functions. Properties of the definite integral. Indefinite integration and antiderivatives. The fundamental theorem of calculus. Integration formulas. Integration by part and substitution.

Linear algebra. Vectors, vector spaces, geometric representation of vectors, linear dependence and independence. Matrices and properties. Determinants. Properties of determinants. Rank of a matrix. Matrix operations. Systems of linear equations. Rouché-Capelli theorem. Cramer rule. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Statistics. Notions of descriptive statistics: variables, categories and statistical units. Frequency distribution and graphical representations. Position measures: mean, median and mode. Variability and shape of a distribution. Analysis of the association between two characters, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. Introduction to the linear regression models.
Introduction to probability. Notion of event. Probability distributions. Axioms of probability. Independent events and incompatible events. Conditional probability. Bayes theorem. Random variables and probability distributions. Introduction to statistical inference and the theory of hypothesis testing.

REFERENCE TEXTS (currently being defined):
-Guerraggio A. (2018) Matematica per le scienze. Pearson
- Bodine et al (2017) Matematica per le scienze della vita. UTET

-Slides of the course and exercises made available in the student's portal.

1. Introduction to the course
2. Main environmental issues and human impact on natural environment: ari, water and soil pollution. Organic and inorganic pollutants, Heavy metals.
3. Main environmental issues and human impact on natural environment: the greenhouse effect and global warming. Carbon (C) cycle changes and their implications in global changes.
4. Soil as the foundation of the landscape. The polyphasic system. General information on its physical, chemical and biological properties. Soil ecological and socio-economical functions. Soil threats: main factors of soil degradation.

Basic elements of general, inorganic and organic chemistry will be provided to facilitate the comprehension of the environmental phenomena presented during the course.

Denniston K. J. , Topping J. J., Caret R. L. - 2012 - Chimica Generale. Chimica Organica. Propedeutica Biochimica. McGraw-Hill
oppure
Bettelheim F.A., Brown W.H., Campbell M.K., Farrel S.O., Torres O.J.- 2014. Chimica e propedeutica Biochimica. EdiSES II.
(per chi non dispone di un testo di riferimento di Chimica)

Baird C., Cann M., Chimica ambientale - Zanichelli 2013.
Capitoli: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.
Disponibile in biblioteca
Per il livello di approfondimento di ciascun capitolo si rimanda agli argomenti trattati in classe (pdf delle lezioni)

AA. VV. Fondamenti di Chimica del Suolo, coordinatori Paolo Sequi, Claudio Ciavatta, Teodoro Miano. Patron Editore 2017.
Disponibile in biblioteca
Capitoli: 1, 2 (2.1, 2.2, 2.4), 3 cenni, 4 (4.2 e 4.6 cenni), 5, 6 (6.1, 6.2. 6.3.1), 7 (7.1), 8 (cenni), 9.

Pdf delle lezioni

The topics covered in the course are collected according to the following thematic groups:
Introduction.
Physical geography and relations with the landscape.

Elements of General Geography. Earth's environmental spheres: Earth systems open, closed, interconnected, in equilibrium. Position detection systems on the terrestrial sphere: definition of longitude and latitude grids (meridians and parallels).
Cartographic representations of the earth's surface. Types of maps, concept of scale of representation, projection systems and properties. Three-dimensional representation of the Landscape: isolines, relief, digital terrain models (DTM). Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Remote sensing: aerial photos, orthophotos, satellite images (visible light, and multispectral and thermal bands). Geographic Information Systems as tools for landscape management.

Geomorphology. Aims, methods and fields of study. Cycles, processes and modeling agents of the terrestrial relief. Internal and External Geomorphic Processes. Biostasia and resistance. Cycles of the troposphere: rocks and minerals, hydrological and biogeochemical.
Ecosystems and Biomes, carbon cycles,
oxygen, nitrogen.

Climate, morphology and biota interaction: Distribution of ecosystems (biomes). b) Meteoric degradation (Mechanical breakdown; chemical alteration and dissolution, action of organisms). Denudation processes. The modeling of the slopes.
Processes and forms of erosion, transport and storage. Accelerated soil erosion and / or slow movements in the regolith (soil creep, soliflow, debris aquifers and cones, landslides).

River morphology. Characteristics of riverbeds in relation to river dynamics. Processes and forms of river erosion; River storage processes and forms; conoids; floodplains. River meanders. River valleys: genesis, evolution and forms. River terraces.

Glaciers and glacial morphology. Feeding and glacial ablation. Movement of glaciers. Glacial erosion and related forms: montonate rocks, cirques, glacial valleys and their distinctive features; fjords. Transport and glacial deposition: mobile moraines and deposited moraines. Frost conditions in the ground; permafrost. Modeling forms related to permafrost. Cryoturbation and geliflux.

Karst and karst morphology. Conditions necessary for the setting and development of karst phenomena. The climate and karst morphogenesis. Epigean karst forms: Karren, sinkholes, uvala, polje, karst valleys. Genesis and evolution of forms in relation to structural conditions.

Aeolian morphology. Wind action; deflation and corruption. Rocky deserts (hamada) and pebble deserts (serir); sebkha. Forms of wind accumulation; dunes and their evolution; loess. Sandy deserts (ergs).

The movements of the sea and the coastal morphology. Other processes and factors of coastal morphogenesis. Marine erosion; ripe and abrasion platforms. High coasts and their evolution. Beaches; coastal transport of materials and beach evolution (beach erosion in Italy). Coastal cordons. Lagoons and coastal lakes. Delta and estuaries. Relative level variations between sea and land: marine terraces.

Volcanic landscapes. Main elementary forms due to volcanic activity. Volcanic buildings. Forms of erosion of volcanic reliefs. Italian volcano systems.
Anthropic forms. The influence of anthropogenic activities in the modeling of the terrestrial relief. Urban and peri-urban landscapes.

During the course, various materials, appropriately selected by the teacher, will be presented and summarized in the slides and summary materials used during the lessons.
The following have been selected from the reference texts:

Hess D.. Tasa D., (2014) McKnight's Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Eleventh Edition. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE.

Huggett R.J. (2017) Fundamentals of Geomorphology - Fourth Edition. Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group (eds) 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN.

Goudie S.A. and Viles H.A. (2016). Geomorphology in the Anthropocene. Cambridge University Press. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom.

Shroder J.F.(ed.) - Treatise on Geomorphology. 14 vols.-Academic Press (2013)

Zinck J.A., Metternicht G., Bocco G., Del Valle H.F.(eds.) (2016) Geopedology_ An Integration of Geomorphology and Pedology for Soil and Landscape Studies. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

Schaetzl R. and Anderson S. (2005). Soils - Genesis and Geomorphology. Cambridge University Press. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom.

DRIESSEN P. M., DECKERS J., SPAARGAREN O., 2001. Lecture notes on the major soils of the world. World Soil Resources Reports, FAO, Rome, Vol. 94.

IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.

In particular the students will be able to :
1.1.-Read, analyze and summarize subject -specific articles
1.2.- Use the subject- specific vocabulary for technical purposes
1.3.- Produce subject-specific written and oral texts ( technical reports; project plans; design
processes and procedures
In particular, students :
-will have a good grammatical and syntactical competence
-will have a good lexical competence , both general and subject specific
- will be able to understand, take notes, analyse, , comment general and subject specific texts
- will be able to communicate fluently in English and express opinions , points of view, concepts etc.
Topics of interest will be proposed by the teacher as well as by the students and, if possible, supported by TIC.
- The protagonists of Landscape Architecture
- Design: technical terms and processes
- Environment and environment protection
- Sustainability
- Any other subject of interest
Grammar contents:
Articles;personal and possessive adj and pronouns , present and past tense, present and past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, futures,1st-2nd-3rd conditionals, passive ,prepositions and adverbs, comparatives and superlatives, modals, used, used to. Wquestions, quantifiers, relative clauses, for-since-still-yet; reported speech; Formal and informal structures, sentence manipulation, word formation, nominalization, compound sentences, etc.etc.


On line lessons; Collaborative activities; flipped approach
Modules : revision and consolidation of grammar contents and language abilities
Modules: task-based for study activities and the production of technical and professional texts.

Testi di riferimento
Inglese lingua generale
R. Murphy-Essential Grammar in Use- intermediate-Ed. Cambridge University Press
Dizionari: Italiano/Inglese-Inglese/Italiano Ed Zanichelli.

Inglese per lo specifico settore disciplinare
Title: Career Paths: Landscaping /Student's Book (with Digibooks App)ISBN: 978-1-4715-6063-7 Level: A1, A2 & B1 Authors: Stacey Underwood, Jenny Dooley
Study materials will be given to the students to meet specific study needs and interests

The activity will be organized in three thematic sections:1. key concepts In this section some significant themes and issues of the contemporary landscape project will be addressed, with particular reference to: New sustainable connections New public green spaces New landscapes wellness and incluion This section is organized through lectures and bibliographic insights.2.tools This section will provide the basic tools necessary for the analysis and interpretation of landscapes, the understanding of their functioning and the recognition of specificities and differences through a transdisciplinary orientation capable of dealing with physical and social space. This section aims to allow each student to develop their own specific toolkit essential for critical reading and landscape design through lectures and specific exercises concerning: morphologies; ecologies; stratifications; subjects.This section is organized through lectures and exercises 3. design explorations In this third section some design exercises will be carried out . they aim at measuring and verifying, in a specific context, the key concepts and tools.The three sections do not follow a hierarchical or temporal sequence but outline a dynamic process with a circular character (feed-back).

Clément, G, (2005). Manifesto del Terzo paesaggio. Quodlibet. Macerata:
Clement G. (2013), Giardini, paesaggio e genio naturale, Quodilbet, Macerata
Imbroglini, C. (2016). Dispositivi di paesaggio per il contrasto alla marginalità urbana. Ri-Vista, 14(2), 12-25.
Munari B. (1981), Da cosa nasce cosa Appunti per una metodologia progettuale, Laterza
Caravaggi L., (2002) Paesaggi di Paesaggi , Meltemi

Program
Module 1 (6 hours) Elements of Ecology: concept of ecosystem and its functioning, ecological factors, climate and phytoclimate, concepts of flora, community and plant association.
Module 2 (14 hours) Relationship between environmental diversity and vegetation: the concept and definition of the landscape, the landscape from an ecological point of view, concept of the vegetation, physiognomic classification of the vegetation, ecological succession and vegetation dynamism, concept of the potential vegetation, landscape interpretation through the vegetation maps.
Module 3 (12 hours) The plant use for the landscape project: species selection criteria, ecosystem services and green infrastructures.

Ercoli et al. 2010 Analisi e progettazione botanica per gli interventi di mitigazione degli impatti delle infrastrutture lineari, Manuali e linee guida ISPRA 65.3/2010

The Pdf of the lessons are available to the students. For some of the topics covered in class, the teacher will also be able to provide didactic and scientific material.

1. Main characteristics of agroecosystems
2. Agroclimatology
3. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties
4. Agricultural hydraulics and watershed protection
5. Farming systems: soil management (tillage)
6. Farming systems: diversification, rotation, intercropping and multicropping with an agroecological approach.
7. Crop science: cereals, legumes
8. Crop science: summer crops
9. Organic farming
10. Urban farming
11. The multicriteria approach for landscape sustainability evaluation (DEXI)

-Handbooks
-BONCIARELLI U., BONCIARELLI F. Coltivazioni erbacee. Ed. Edagricole, Bologna
-Ceccon et al. (a cura di) Agronomia, EdiSES, 2017
- articles from scientific and technical journals provided by the teacher
- any lecture notes provided by the teacher
-pdf of the lessons

Introduction to the course: the sector of tree crops systems. Principles of fruit tree biology, the biological system as integration of organs and functions; correlativity of organ development and vegetative-productive cycle of the tree.
Agro-biodiversity: varietal panoramas and outline of genetic improvement (objectives, means and results). The main tree species, minor and wild species.
Tree architecture, form determinism, dimension determinism.
Architecture of the orchard and of the agro-ecosystems (orchards, groves, vineyards). Design and planting criteria: structural and functional diversity of the main types of tree crop systems.

Relation tree-environment. The concept of environmental suitability and basis of eco-physiology; role of environmental factors (climate-soil) in the development of the fruit tree; adaptation to climate change and climate change mitigation role. Field crops and protected crops.
The use of environmental resources in agronomical techniques (water, elements of soil fertility, light): main techniques of soil management and use of water resources in arboriculture. The impact of crops on the healthiness of the environment: use of bioregulators, agro-chemicals, fertilizers. Conventional, sustainable, biological production models.

Relation on tree crop system-landscape. Definition of the concept of terroire and of agricultural landscape. Notes on the meaning and evolution of the landscape of the fruit tree. Definition of the relationship between quality production (DOP, IGP) and territory; the landscape as an added value of productions. Arboriculture landscapes: constitutive characters. Notes on the diversity of the structure, function and significance of tree crop landscapes. The new landscapes of arboriculture in urban space. The multi-functionality of arboreal systems; ecosystem services.
Crop and environmental classification of tree crop species in the Mediterranean and in Italy and their landscapes.

Material provided by the teacher.

In-depth text:
Peano C., Sottile F. (2019). Principi di arboricoltura. EdiSES

The program is developed in three parts:
- the first concerns the reading of the national and regional legislation for the governance of the territory in the urban and landscape area, the planning tools through the in-depth study of "case studies" of the PRG of Rome and the PTPR of the Lazio Region, the comparison with the planning system in Europe;
- the second part deals the transformation of the city, through the examination of the regulatory plans of Rome from the unification of Italy to today and the analysis of the development of the European city from the second post-war period to the present, up to the recent case studies of the neighborhoods sustainable in Europe.
- The third part of the program consists of the laboratory activity, developed on the morphological analysis of a marginal place in the urban-rural area: the area of the Cervelletta Natural Park in the IV Municipality of Rome.
1) The introduction of urban planning and territorial planning, its definition and recent innovations:
The definition of urban planning between art and science
• The legislative system of urban and territorial planning and landscape protection, the articulation of the purposes and the different areas of application:
- territorial and landscape planning (the territorial coordination plan, the regional landscape plan)
- general level planning (the General Town Plan and the NTAs)
- the implementation level planning (the detailed Plan, the Development Plan, Area Plans L.167 / 62, the integrated intervention Programs, the Urban Recovery Programs, the Urban Redevelopment Plans).
• Landscape-urbanism innovation and new approaches to planning: from the European Landscape Convention, "the whole territory is landscape", to Spatial Planning and Design for Climate Change
2) The examination of the development of the European city since the second post-war period:
• Notes on the urban and territorial planning system in Europe. Objectives and timing of regional, municipal and implementation level planning in France, Spain, Germany, England
• The expansion and transformation of the European city in the second half of the 1900s:
- The English new towns
- The French Villes nouvelles
- Amsterdam: urban quality and neighborhood design
- Barcelona: the public space project (PERI)
• Rome: the shape of the city and plans from the Unification of Italy to today
• Rome form and plans: the current PRG
• The sustainable city: "The world of 2050" by Oliver Cooper
- Notes on the EU's agenda for sustainable urban development
- The new sustainable neighborhoods in Europe:
The Vauban district, Freiburg (Germany)
HafenCity, Hamburg (Germany)
Greenwich Millenium Village, London (Great Britain)
Hammarby, Stockholm (Sweden)
3) Laboratory Activities: urban planning analysis of a marginal place in the urban-rural area: the area of the Cervelletta Natural Park and the surrounding urbanized areas in Rome.
• The historical evolution of the settlement:
- TAV. 1- Historical evolution of the settlement and the settlement principle
- analysis of the construction periods of the area
- analysis of the settlement principle up to the current configuration
• The elements of the urban form:
- TAV. 2 [/ 2a] - Structure of the settlement and the urban environment
- the characteristics of the environmental, settlement and infrastructural systems:
- site morphology and landscape features
- the historical pre-existences
- the urban margins
- infrastructure networks, neighborhood roads, public space
- the residential fabric, perimeter of homogeneous areas
• Layout scheme
- TAV. 3 - Problems, Potentiality / Resources

Didactic material of the course
1) Bruno Zevi, La nuova dimensione della paesaggistica, in Pretesti di critica architettonica, Ed. Enaudi
2) Prof. Arch. Claudia Mattogno, Le definizioni di Urbanistica
3) Glossario termini urbanistici ricorrenti
4A) Prof. Zetti , Glossario degli strumenti urbanistici - La legge urbanistica e gli standard
4B) Legislazione Urbanistica - Legge1150-1942
4C) Glossario e strumenti urbanistici - Pianificazione e paesaggio
4D) MIBAC - Beni paesaggistici
4E) Tutela Paesaggistica Approfondimenti - Legge Galasso 431- 85
5) La pianificazione urbanistica e territoriale
5A) Prof. Antonio Cappuccitti, in Strumenti urbanistici innovativi e concertazione urbanistica
5B) Programmi complessi e Urbanistica concertata_Zone O
5C) Legge urbanistica e Leggi di tutela del paesaggio
6) Arch. Daniela Gualdi - Relazione di verifica urbanistica nel IV Municipio – Esercitazione
6A) Il PRG di Roma_IV municipio_ stralcio
6B) Il PTPR di Roma_IV Municipio_ stralcio
6C) Il PTP Roma_Aniene n. 15_9_stralcio
7) Arch. Flavio Trinca, Il Landscape Urbanism
7B) Arch. Flavio Trinca, Bibliografia Sintetica sul Landscape Urbanism
7C) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Il paesaggio che salva la città. La poetica di Turenscape
8) Prof. Arch. Claudia Mattogno, Il sistema della pianificazione in Europa
9) Mamoli, Trebbi, in Storia dell'urbanistica. L’europa del secondo II dopoguerra, Ed. Laterza
10) Prof. Antonio Cappuccitti, Roma forma e piani 2018
10A) Il PRG di Roma_NTA
10B) Il PRG di ROMA_Guida Qualità Interventi
10C) Leonardo Benovolo, in Roma dal 1870 al 1990, Ed. Laterza
10D) Italo Insolera, in Roma, Ed. Laterza
10E) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Gli elementi strutturanti della forma della città in Roma capitale – in Linee di Ricerca
10F) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Il verde nei piani regolatori di Roma Capitale dal 1870 ad oggi
11) Barcellona il progetto degli spazi pubblici
11A) Arch. Daniela Gualdi, Barcellona trasformazione di una città, in AR
12) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi, L'analisi di un luogo di margine in ambito urbano-rurale: l'area del Parco regionale della Cervelletta
12A) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_Basi cartografiche area Parco Cervelletta
12B) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_PRG_Area Parco Cervelletta
12C) Laboratorio prof. Gualdi_L'esempio del PRU di San Basilio
13) Link “Il mondo del 2050” di Oliver Cooper
13A) Lo sviluppo urbano sostenibile dell’Europa unita
13B) Agenda sviluppo urbano sostenibile_2014
13C) C. Mazzoleni, Amburgo, Hafencity. Rinnovamneto di una città
13D) Londra, Greenwich Millenium Village
13E) A. Cappuccitti, Stoccolma. Quartiere di Hammarby
13F) D.Gualdi, La trasformazione urbana in Europa
Reference Bibliography
- Ash Amin, Europa, terra di estranei, ed. Mimesis, 2016
- Leonardo Benovolo, Le origini dell’urbanistica moderna, ed. Laterza, 1963
- Leonardo Benovolo, Roma dal 1870 al 1990, ed. Laterza, 1992
- Italo Insolera, Roma. Le città nella storia d’Italia, ed. Laterza, 1980
- M. Mamoli, G. Trebbi, Storia dell'urbanistica. L’Europa del secondo II dopoguerra, ed. Laterza, 1988
- Bruno Zevi, Saper vedere l’Urbanistica, ed. Enaudi, 1971
- Web-site of the MIBAC
- Web-site of the INU

§ Elements of cartography: Reference systems and main cartographic projection systems, Geographic coordinates: UTM and Gauss Boaga, IGM Cartography and Regional Technical Cartography, Numerical Cartography, Elevation and digital terrain models (8 hrs).
§ Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Introduction to GIS, Geographical data representation models: raster and vector (8hrs)
§ Rural territory mapping in land use and land cover cartography: Corine Land Cover and Urban Atlas (6 hrs)
§ Rural landscape conservation status classification (4 hrs)
§ Transformations of the rural territory: land use changes, land take (8 hrs)
§ Application of analysis and classification of the landscape mosaic to case studies (8 hrs)

Agnoletti, 2010. Paesaggio rurale. Evoluzione, valorizzazione, gestione. Edagricole-New Business Media

The main projection systems (Conic, cylindrical, planar; concepts of Equivalence, Equidistance and Isogony, UTM Projections, Gauss Boaga, Cassini-Soldner).
Elements of cartography (Concepts of Geodesy, Topography, Areophotogrammetry and Remote and GPS, Scale concepts and cartographic representation at various scales). Geographic data (Type of data; vector data and geometric primitives; characteristics of raster and classified raster data; alphanumeric attributes of geographical data; Georeferencing); Numerical cartography (Map and GIS - Oriented)
The main GIS operators (Buffer; Clip; Dissolve; Merge; Geographic selection; Topological overlay and overlay types - union, intersection, identity - Spatial and tabular Join; Query). data export: general concepts; Interface; the view, the table, the layout, the chart, the script; the project; the Shapefile; the Theme, the Editing; Prints and Graphics.
The GIS in support of the decision-making phase: multi-criteria analysis and fuzzy logic.
Remote sensing for land monitoring: aerial photos and satellite images.
Remote sensing for landscape analysis and land use classification.
The zoning of the territory and the supervised classifications.

Territorial Information Systems - principles and applications. Federica Migliaccio, Daniela Carino. UTET editions.

Lecture notes - practical activity performed in the classroom of geomatics.

During the course the lecturer will provide students with scientific papers for the study of some issues.

1. Introduction: history of pedology. The role of soil in various grassland and forest ecosystems. Definitions of soil and chemical, physical and biological characteristics (1 ECTS).
2. The causes of soil degradation and desertification. Soil erosion. The pedogenic profile and horizons. The subordinate horizons. The types of humus and their classification. The factors of pedogenesis: climate, lithology, geomorphology, biotic, anthropic factor, time. (1 ECTS)
3. The types of pedogenetic processes: alteration, translocation, addition and loss. Specific processes of formation and evolution of the soil. The profile description. Surface and deep diagnostic horizons. The soil humidity and temperature regimes. Forest soils: characteristics and classification (1 ECTS)
4. Soil morphological features, soil survey instrument and principles, soil samplig techniques and soil profile description (1 ECTS)
5. Classification of soils. Soil classification systems. The characteristics of soils belonging to the Soil Taxonomy classification orders. The hierarchy of pedopaesaggi. The soil regions in Italy. (1 ECTS)
6. Exercises: profile analysis and field card on excursion in areas of particular forest interest. The morphological description of the pedon. Chemical-physical analysis of soil in the laboratory (1 ECTS)

Giacomo Certini and Fiorenzo Cesare Ugolini Basis of Pedology - Edagricole
Carmelo Dazzi Foundations of Pedology - Le Panseur

Material provided by the teacher - lessons

The student will be introduced to the concepts of 1) Green Blue Infrastructure; and 2) degradation, preservation and restoration of the various materials. It will focus on the main technologies and techniques of use of each class of material, the performance aspects of devices and systems, environmental issues and opportunities, including from a "life cycle assessment" perspective.
Through the study of case studies, the theoretical and practical aspects of the materials, technologies, devices and systems used in the landscape project, redevelopment, enhancement and environmental restoration will be addressed.
1. Green Infrastructure planning and design: An introduction
2. Green Infrastructure: A multifunctional and multiscale approach - Part I
3. Green Infrastructure: A multifunctional and multiscale approach - Part II
4. GI Strategies and Solutions for people and the environment
5. Water Sensitive Urban Design - Part I
6. Water Sensitive Urban Design - Part II
7. Biophilic design
8. Design-out waste through Green Infrastructure
9. Identifying and assessing benefits from Green Infrastructure - Part I
10. Identifying and assessing benefits from Green Infrastructure - Part II

Andreucci, MB, (2017), Progettare Green Infrastructure, Wolters Kluwer, Milano.
All lessons are available for students on the e-learning platform.

Course on Dendrology (4 CFU, MG. Agrimi)
For the interpretation of the forms of the forest landscape, the course aims to provide - together with some basic theoretical principles - the cognitive tools necessary to acquire skills in relation to the following aspects:
a) Recognition of the main tree species of forest interest in Italy: morphological characteristics of leaves, fruits, seeds and bark; hints of autoecology of species; distribution areas.
b) Introduction to forestry measures and the analysis of forest structures; the shapes of the trees, the parts of the tree and their functions, morphological aspects, production aspects, aspects relating to stability.

Course on Forest Ecology and Silviculture (5 CFU, G. Scarascia Mugnozza)
Forest Ecology and Landscape Ecology. Influence of climate on vegetation. Forest interaction with climate in temperate/mediterranean environments. Forests and the carbon cycle.
History of silviculture. State of forests at European and global level (FAO FRA2015); effects of silviculture on genetic characteristics of forests. International agreements for forest and environmental protection.
Forest environment. Elements of forest biology. Forest structures and tree classifications. Forest dynamics and forest dynamics. Natural sylvogenesis.
Silvicultural treatments for forest conservation and regeneration. High forest and coppice stands. Treatment of protection forests, recreational forests and parks.
Forest conversion and transformation. Thinnings. Pruning.
Elements of agroforestry and restoration ecology techniques. Science and technique of reforestation.

- Lectures presentations
- R. Gellini e P. Grossoni, Botanica forestale. CEDAM, Padova
- M. Cappelli, Selvicoltura generale. UTET, Torino
- P. Piussi, Selvicoltura generale. UTET, Torino
- M. Paci, Ecologia forestale. Edagricole, Bologna

The teaching program includes the following topic:
a) Morphological, ecological characters and silvicultural aspects of the main species within 1) Italian forest stands and 2) tree rows, urban parks and gardens.
b) Basic concepts of forest mensuration related to management purposes to describe quantitatively forest stands and ornamental trees ( growth related to wood production, tree structure and its mechanical integrity.
c) Basic concepts about trees and forest functions in rural and urban context; silviculture, arboriculture, urban forestry: definitions and goals; woodlands in urban context, "urban forest" meaning.
d) Practical activities:
- visit to the Botanic Garden "Angelo Rambelli" - University of Tuscia,
- observations on samples of dried plants
- field trip in urban and periurban green areas.

- Recommended texts:

Romano Gellini e Paolo Grossoni. Botanica forestale. Gimnosperme (vol. I), Angiosperme (vol.II).
Editore CEDAM.
- PDF Files of presentations and additional readings.

Other reference texts:
- Trees of Europe, by PoluninOleg. Oxford University Press

The design course is organized in four different sections:
1-Inquiring
The aim of this section is being able to keep up with and understand International policies which engage contemporary landscape design, such as:
- Green infrastructure, European Union strategy for Biodiversity 2020
- Natural capital and Italian National strategy for urban green areas
- Ecological meaning of urban green areas (Cfr. Carlo Blasi)

2- Orienting
The aim of this section is being able to orient oneself in the contemporary production of landscape design. The assignment is to study and describe, through a report card with pictures and drawings, one recent project for each and every one of the following design themes:
- Moving
- Coltivating
- Foresting
- Meeting
- Telling

3- Describing
The aim of this section is to establish the importance of description in the formation of the landscape designer.
Describing comes through:
- Individual perceptions of the area during site visits
- Images of the landscape produced by other authors ( Images, drawings, movies, etc.)


4- Designing
The design becomes a creative integration of the previous sections, and is organized in five different parts:

4.1 Parts
The aim is to frame and identify characteristics, similarities or differences of specific parts of the landscape. This happens through the use of morphology, idrography and ecologies and their entanglements and reciprocal relationships.

4.2 Demands
Problems, desires and aspirations by different part of the community which inhabits the site of the project. Mapping can come as second hand source material ( web analysis, online journals, locals associations blogs, etc.) or first hand source material such as interviews.

4.3 Strategy: concept/site plan.
It is about defining the strategy of the project through a summarized image that caters the idea of the project.

4.4 Evolutions
It is about choosing a specific element of the project, which can be considered significant, and developing a study about its spatial and temporal evolution.

4.5 Design specifications
It is about the description of specific parts of the project which helps to better understand and communicate the general landscape design strategy.

1- Corboz A. (1985), Il territorio come palinsesto, in Casabella, n. 516
2 - Caravaggi L. (2002), Paesaggi di paesaggi, Meltemi editore, Roma
3 - AA.VV. (2004), Paesaggi della biodiversità
4 - Morin E. (1999), La testa ben fatta, Raffaello Cortina editore, Milano
5 – G.Mantione; E.Romanelli, Il Corpo della terra, da una visione egologica a una visione ecologica, Castelvecchi, 2020.
6- Clement G. (2013), Il giardiniere planetario, Quodlibet, Macerata
7 – Caravaggi L.; Imbroglini C.; Lei A. (2019), Progettare infrastrutture flessibili, in Caravaggi L.; Carpenzano O., Roma in movimento, Quodlibet, Macerata
8 – Caravaggi L.; Carpenzano O. (2019), Dispositivo Pontili, in Caravaggi L.; Carpenzano O., Roma in movimento, Quodlibet, Macerata

- definition of urban forestry
- urban environment
- tree species used in urban environment

Konijnendijk, Cecil C., et al., eds. Urban forests and trees: a reference book. Springer Science & Business Media, 2005.

Hydrogeological risk: definitions and risk equation; statistics and events.
Floods and landslides: causes, mechanisms, classifications, impacts.
Hydrogeological risk management: tools for forecasting and prevention in the short and long term. Hydrogeological risk mitigation; risk cycle.
Planning aspects relating to hydrogeological and regulatory risk.
Conclusions and summary of the main arguments

1. Principi di geologia applicata per ingegneria civile-ambientale e scienze della Terra.
L. Scesi, M. Papini, P. Gattinoni
Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
304 pp. ISBN 978-88-08-18642-3

2. Le forme del rilievo (Atlante di Geomorfologia)
S. Ciccacci
Mondadori Università
633 pp. ISBN - 978-88-6184-734-7

• Definitions, objectives, and methodologies of Biotechnical Engineering; (4 hours)
• The water cycle; hydro-meteorological data; hydrological catchments and water systems; analysis of precipitation; river floods and extreme events; basics of river hydraulics; (8 hours)
• Plant analysis; technical and biological characteristics of plants; use and methods of plants in Biotechnical Engineering; (8 hours)
• Geological and geotechnical analysis of landscape; hydraulic ecosystem analysis; fundamentals of Naturalistic Engineering design; materials of Biotechnical Engineering; (8 hours)
• Design of major Biotechnical Engineering solutions and structures: streams and rivers, stream banks, hillslopes. Case studies and examples; (12 hours)
• Visits to Biotechnical Engineering structures. (8 hours of Laboratory)

• Applied Hydrology (V.T. Chow, D. R. Maidment, L. W. Mays, McGraw-Hill, 1988)
• Biotechnical and Soil Bioengineering Slope Stabilization: A Practical Guide for Erosion Control (D.H. Gray and R.B. Sotir, John Wiley and Sons, 2018)

1. Introduction: goals, contents and organization.
2. Basic principles of geology: rock classification, cycle of rocks, global plate tectonics. Geological mapping
3. Principles of Engineering geology and Hydrogeology and hydrologic cycle
4. Geomorphological processes and factors. Fluvial and slope processes. Floods and landslides.
5. Field work

1. Principi di geologia applicata per ingegneria civile-ambientale e scienze della Terra.
L. Scesi, M. Papini, P. Gattinoni
Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
304 pp. ISBN 978-88-08-18642-3

2. Le forme del rilievo (Atlante di Geomorfologia)
S. Ciccacci
Mondadori Università
633 pp. ISBN - 978-88-6184-734-7

For international students: Basics of landscape science; Landscape ecological planning; Network planning; Ecological networks and biological conservation; Assessment of landscape spatial pattern; Improving the landscape connectivity; Going toward local resilience (land degradation, urbanization)

Materials (slides) from the teacher provided on the course website.

This module is not required for international students.
It comprises:
National and regional forest programs
Forest landscape management plans
Forest management plans
Plans of areas designated for nature conservation

Materials from the teacher

Introduction. The definition and meaning of the landscape concept: its evolution within cultural, multidisciplinary and legal frameworks (European Landscape Convention, Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape). Sources and tools for the 'interpretation' of the landscape. Definition of garden, villa, park.
Historical evolution of gardens and the landscape in ancient Italy.
Disruption and reorganization of the agricultural landscape in Italy in the Early Middle Age. The subsequent evolution starting from the 11th century. The age of the ‘Comuni’.
The medieval garden. The monastic garden and the 'courtly garden’'. The Arab-Hispanic garden.
Main trasformations of the agricultural landscape in Italy between the 15th and 17th centuries.
The villas and gardens of the Renaissance in Italy. The spread of the Italian model in Europe
Villas and gardens of the Baroque age in Italy
The French garden of the Grand Siècle
First capitalist transformation of the ‘noble estate’ in the eighteenth-century in Italy
The great season of the English ‘landscape garden’ and its reflections in Italy and Europe
Landscape and agriculture in Italy in the nineteenth century and in the post-unification period
Industrial revolution, territorial and city transformations between the 19th and 20th centuries: the urban park
The garden: contemporary experiences
The landscape in the contemporary age. What future?

REFERENCE TEXTS

E. SERENI, Storia del paesaggio agrario italiano, Laterza, Bari 1961 (ultima riedizione: 2020)

L. GAMBI, Critica ai concetti geografici di paesaggio umano, Faenza 1961, riedito in ID., Una geografia per la storia, Einaudi, Torino 1973 (scaricabile dal sito: https://patrimonioculturale.regione.emilia-romagna.it)

R. BANCHINI, Restauro del paesaggio, del territorio, dell’ambiente. Appunti di riflessione attorno all’identificabilità di un ambito disciplinare in “Quaderni del Dipartimento Patrimonio Architettonico e Urbanistico”, Università degli Studi di Reggio Calabria, n.s., XI (2003), 21-22, pp. 171-180 (fornito dal docente)

C. TOSCO, Il Paesaggio come storia, Il Mulino, Bologna 2007.

C. TOSCO, Storia dei giardini. Dalla Bibbia al giardino all’italiana. Il Mulino, Bologna 2018

M. ZOPPI, Storia del giardino europeo, Alinea editrice, Firenze 2009 (precedente edizione: Laterza, Bari 1995)

Course program
- The sources of environmental law
- The landscape, the territory and the environment in the Constitution
- The land use planning in environmental law
- The urban planning law of 1942
- The 1967 reform and the 1968 DM
- The constitutionalisation of agricultural interest
- Regionalization and separation agriculture – production and agriculture-protection
- The 80s - European reforms and regional legislation
- The new century - the reform of Title V of the Constitution and the new CAP
- The environmental code
- Public goods
- Urban planning negotiated in green areas
- Environmental administrative procedures

F. Albisinni, Diritto Agrario territoriale, Ed. Tellus, Roma, 2004.

G. Dimitrio , Le regole di destinazione e di uso edilizio dei suoli agricoli, on Urbani, P., Scoca, F. G., Stella Richter, P. (a cura di), Trattato di diritto del territorio, Torino, 2018.

N. Lugaresi, Il diritto dell'ambiente, CEDAM, 2020.

Additional teaching materials will be distributed during the lessons. They will be uploaded on moodle

The courses topics are collected into the following three main thematic groups.
I. Economics: an outline of the history of economic thought, the economic system, the market, demand and supply curves, outlines of consumer theory and production theory,
II. Environmental and natural resources economics: classification of goods, concept of externality, natural resources and scarcity, market failures, social costs, private costs, taxes and subsidies, economy of forest resources and international environmental policies.
III. Economic evaluation: definition and aims of the estimate, methods and procedures, hints of financial mathematics, the value of wood and the forests values, the evaluation of pollution, fire damages, the Total Economic Value, introduction to cost and benefit analysis, estimative metric calculation and project evaluations.

Turner R.K, Pearce D.W., e Bateman I. Enviromental Economics. An Elementary Introduction. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

The lessons, grouped into four cycles, will focus on the following subjects:

The fundamentals of architectural restoration
- Basic terminology
- Key elements of the history and theory of restoration
- Extension of the disciplinary field of restoration; from the ‘individual’ and ‘unique’ monument to the whole anthropised territory
- Concept of environment and protection of the landscape

Knowledge as the indispensable premise behind every preservative action
- Main knowledge-gathering methods and tools

From recognition of the ‘values’ to be safeguarded to the project: use of the acquired knowledge to define the guidelines of the intervention
- Dialectics between conservation and development
- Disciplinary and interdisciplinary links
- Landscape aspects and planning of the territory
- Historical reasons and contemporary requirements

Current legislation

Implementation: all acquired knowledge will be put into practice during a hands-on exercise on a topic proposed by the lecturer.

E. Turri, La conoscenza del territorio. metodologia per un'analisi storico-geografica, Venezia 2002.
P. Baldeschi, Paesaggio e territorio, Firenze 2011.

In particular the students will be able to :
1.1.-Read, analyze and summarize subject -specific articles
1.2.- Use the subject- specific vocabulary for technical purposes
1.3.- Produce subject-specific written and oral texts ( technical reports; project plans; design
processes and procedures
In particular, students :
-will have a good grammatical and syntactical competence
-will have a good lexical competence , both general and subject specific
- will be able to understand, take notes, analyse, , comment general and subject specific texts
- will be able to communicate fluently in English and express opinions , points of view, concepts etc.
Topics of interest will be proposed by the teacher as well as by the students and, if possible, supported by TIC.
- The protagonists of Landscape Architecture
- Design: technical terms and processes
- Environment and environment protection
- Sustainability
- Any other subject of interest
Grammar contents:
Articles;personal and possessive adj and pronouns , present and past tense, present and past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, futures,1st-2nd-3rd conditionals, passive ,prepositions and adverbs, comparatives and superlatives, modals, used, used to. Wquestions, quantifiers, relative clauses, for-since-still-yet; reported speech; Formal and informal structures, sentence manipulation, word formation, nominalization, compound sentences, etc.etc.


On line lessons; Collaborative activities; flipped approach
Modules : revision and consolidation of grammar contents and language abilities
Modules: task-based for study activities and the production of technical and professional texts.

Testi di riferimento
Inglese lingua generale
R. Murphy-Essential Grammar in Use- intermediate-Ed. Cambridge University Press
Dizionari: Italiano/Inglese-Inglese/Italiano Ed Zanichelli.

Inglese per lo specifico settore disciplinare
Title: Career Paths: Landscaping /Student's Book (with Digibooks App)ISBN: 978-1-4715-6063-7 Level: A1, A2 & B1 Authors: Stacey Underwood, Jenny Dooley
Study materials will be given to the students to meet specific study needs and interests

With a final landscape workshop (annual) in the third year, the student is preparing to conclude the didactic cycle training related to theoretical practice and operational practice of landscape design of the route triennial. For the students this is the moment in which to summarize the acquired knowledge and experiences previously carried out relating to the theoretical-cognitive and practical-design dimension of the architecture of the landscape.
The laboratory intends to implement and test the methodological tools provided aimed at the knowledge of material and immaterial reality of the anthropized environment with particular reference to the components of the landscape within which the project operates. In this form the
relations of the contemporary landscape project with the history of the territory, with the use of the urban scene and with the expressive domain of techniques in the relationship between architecture and environment, the predominant landscape natural characterization and urban built landscape.
The key issues on which the student will be asked to exercise their sensitivity and to refine their baggage technical are the following: observation and reading of the landscape, knowledge of the materials of the places, plots and geometry of the territories, change in the landscape and in the project, dialectic between architecture and nature, dialectic of internal-external relationships in the interaction between architecture and landscape, dialectic between figure and background, aspects
kinematics of the composition in the landscape project.
In particular, the relationships between the site's topography and anthropogenic actions and configuration will be studied in depth of empty spaces and urban morphologies, traces of historical memory contained in that territory and modifications recent, environmental, ecological, urban, social, role of that space. The work of interpretation reading e design will mainly focus on the urban landscape and will also find inspiration in other sectors disciplines starting from the visual arts.
The module aims to offer in-depth analysis and analysis of national case studies and "good practices" e international landscapes on urban and non-urban landscapes, which can also be of support to the choices for the development of various experiments that the student will carry out over the following years in the various fields characterizing the School of Landscape Architecture.
1.articulation of the module
The development of the module will tend to encourage the maximum exchange between theoretical lessons, insights thematic applications and student work. The work will be carried out mainly in the classroom. The periodic checks relating to the progress of the work will be mainly collective. The program foresees the development of a project theme common to the two modules of the laboratory and may foresee intermediate exercises. Respect for deadlines, carrying out exercises, deliveries established in the formats which will be communicated are an essential condition for taking the final exam. The related documents the intermediate exercises will be subject to internal evaluation which will contribute to the formation of the judgment
the final.
2. lesson plan
• introductory lessons on the interpretation of the notion of landscape in the contemporary world;
• specific lessons on the history and formation of the urban landscape;
• lessons aimed at identifying and reading projects and realizations that for
analogy can constitute a useful reference in the design exercise;
• starting from the students' work, critical issues will be identified that will be the subject of
targeted communications.

During the course, a bibliography will be provided which is necessary for the in-depth study of the topics covered.

The course aims to promote critical reflection and design experimentation focused on the landscape dimension of the contemporary habitat.
The course consists of ex cathedra theoretical communications and of an applied design experimentation. The latter one relates to the system of open spaces of the Roman area and aimes at their enhancement and/or redevelopment.
The design experimentation has its focus on the ability to interpret and re-elaborate the criticalities of the context of intervention, by experimenting innovative methods of investigation in order to identify points, layers, characters and conditions of the place which can be potentialities for the project and in order to allow a change of meaning by making small and discreet transformations.
Particular attention will be paid to the vegetation project in relation to the existing one, its characteristics and potentials for interaction with the social dimension.
The course proposes an experimentation strongly oriented towards the evolution of people's behavior in their habitat as a starting point for the development of new functions and new expressive characteristics.

There are no texts adopted
General reference and theoretical texts will be indicated in the course of the lectures.

- ecosystems forest
- forest types

PIUSSI P.: Selvicoltura generale. UTET, 1994.

The lessons will critically address issues and problems of the contemporary city and of the management of the territory, with particular reference to the role of landscape and landscape planning in the current context. An overview of the town planning tools in force will be provided with the aim of providing students with knowledge of the operational procedures of landscape planning; but also a regulatory and knowledge reference scenario to develop project strategies on a local scale.
The lessons will include the following topics: evolution of the concept of landscape in the specific landscape legislation. The current framework of landscape planning. Regional territorial landscape plan; Reading of the cartography and interpretation of the landscape aspects. Landscape constraint; from the protection of the territory to the opportunity for enhancement. Mitigation and compensation works. Environmental Impact Assessment; Incidence Assessment. Landscape Insertion Study; Landscape Report.

During the lessons, bibliographical references relevant to the different topics will be provided.

The lessons will critically address issues and problems of the contemporary city and of the management of the territory, with particular reference to the role of landscape and landscape planning in the current context. An overview of the town planning tools in force will be provided with the aim of providing students with knowledge of the operational procedures of landscape planning; but also a regulatory and knowledge reference scenario to develop project strategies on a local scale.
The lessons will include the following topics: evolution of the concept of landscape in the specific landscape legislation. The current framework of landscape planning. Regional territorial landscape plan; Reading of the cartography and interpretation of the landscape aspects. Landscape constraint; from the protection of the territory to the opportunity for enhancement. Mitigation and compensation works. Environmental Impact Assessment; Incidence Assessment. Landscape Insertion Study; Landscape Report.

During the lessons, bibliographical references relevant to the different topics will be provided.

With a final landscape workshop (annual) in the third year, the student is preparing to conclude the didactic cycle training related to theoretical practice and operational practice of landscape design of the route triennial. For the students this is the moment in which to summarize the acquired knowledge and experiences previously carried out relating to the theoretical-cognitive and practical-design dimension of the architecture of the landscape.
The laboratory intends to implement and test the methodological tools provided aimed at the knowledge of material and immaterial reality of the anthropized environment with particular reference to the components of the landscape within which the project operates. In this form the
relations of the contemporary landscape project with the history of the territory, with the use of the urban scene and with the expressive domain of techniques in the relationship between architecture and environment, the predominant landscape natural characterization and urban built landscape.
The key issues on which the student will be asked to exercise their sensitivity and to refine their baggage technical are the following: observation and reading of the landscape, knowledge of the materials of the places, plots and geometry of the territories, change in the landscape and in the project, dialectic between architecture and nature, dialectic of internal-external relationships in the interaction between architecture and landscape, dialectic between figure and background, aspects
kinematics of the composition in the landscape project.
In particular, the relationships between the site's topography and anthropogenic actions and configuration will be studied in depth of empty spaces and urban morphologies, traces of historical memory contained in that territory and modifications recent, environmental, ecological, urban, social, role of that space. The work of interpretation reading e design will mainly focus on the urban landscape and will also find inspiration in other sectors disciplines starting from the visual arts.
The module aims to offer in-depth analysis and analysis of national case studies and "good practices" e international landscapes on urban and non-urban landscapes, which can also be of support to the choices for the development of various experiments that the student will carry out over the following years in the various fields characterizing the School of Landscape Architecture.
1.articulation of the module
The development of the module will tend to encourage the maximum exchange between theoretical lessons, insights thematic applications and student work. The work will be carried out mainly in the classroom. The periodic checks relating to the progress of the work will be mainly collective. The program foresees the development of a project theme common to the two modules of the laboratory and may foresee intermediate exercises. Respect for deadlines, carrying out exercises, deliveries established in the formats which will be communicated are an essential condition for taking the final exam. The related documents the intermediate exercises will be subject to internal evaluation which will contribute to the formation of the judgment
the final.
2. lesson plan
• introductory lessons on the interpretation of the notion of landscape in the contemporary world;
• specific lessons on the history and formation of the urban landscape;
• lessons aimed at identifying and reading projects and realizations that for
analogy can constitute a useful reference in the design exercise;
• starting from the students' work, critical issues will be identified that will be the subject of
targeted communications.

During the course, a bibliography will be provided which is necessary for the in-depth study of the topics covered.

The course aims to promote critical reflection and design experimentation focused on the landscape dimension of the contemporary habitat.
The course consists of ex cathedra theoretical communications and of an applied design experimentation. The latter one relates to the system of open spaces of the Roman area and aimes at their enhancement and/or redevelopment.
The design experimentation has its focus on the ability to interpret and re-elaborate the criticalities of the context of intervention, by experimenting innovative methods of investigation in order to identify points, layers, characters and conditions of the place which can be potentialities for the project and in order to allow a change of meaning by making small and discreet transformations.
Particular attention will be paid to the vegetation project in relation to the existing one, its characteristics and potentials for interaction with the social dimension.
The course proposes an experimentation strongly oriented towards the evolution of people's behavior in their habitat as a starting point for the development of new functions and new expressive characteristics.

There are no texts adopted
General reference and theoretical texts will be indicated in the course of the lectures.

PIUSSI P.: Selvicoltura generale. UTET, 1994.