The plant cell. The cell wall, the vacuole, the chloroplast. Autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. Morphology of the root, stem and leaves. Biodiversity and classification. Main morphological, biological, phylogenetic and ecological aspects of the main biodeteriogens: bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi (with particular reference to black meristematic fungi), algae, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes, spermatophytes.
Environmental factors. Water, light, temperature, substrate, atmosphere, and climate: their action on biodeteriogens and biodeterioration processes.
Substrates. Biodeterioration processes in relation to the substrate: wood, paper, stone materials, glass, metals, photographic materials, composite materials (paintings). Prevention, investigation methodologies, treatments.
Environments. Biodeterioration processes in relation to the type of environments: confined environments (e.g. archives, museums, and churches), external environments (urban, rural and coastal), and semi-confined environments. Fountains, rock environments. Palynology, archaeocarpology, aerobiology. Prevention, investigation methodologies, treatments.
The landscape. Weed plants. Archaeological areas. Danger index. History of the gardens. Public and private gardens. Botany in the history of art.

The lessons and supplementary texts will be uploaded to Moodle.
The following volumes, available in the library, are useful for further information:
1. Caneva Giulia, MariaPia Nugari, Ornella Salvadori "La Biologia vegetale per i Beni Culturali" vol. I Biodeterioramento e Conservazione. Nardini Editore - Firenze, 2005.
2. Caneva Giulia, "La Biologia vegetale per i Beni Culturali" vol. II Conoscenza e Valorizzazione. Nardini Editore - Firenze, 2005.