Monitoraggio e difesa dell'ambiente montano |
Code
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16966 |
Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Module:
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to provide students with the basis for understanding the great biodiversity and importance of insects, particularly in forest and mountain environments. Morphology, anatomy and physiology of insects as well as methods for the evaluation and control of harmful insect populations, according to current legislation, will be addressed. In addition, methods are provided for the identification of the main groups and the knowledge of insects that infested the plant species typical of the mountain and forest environment is deepened.
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Code
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16966-1 |
Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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6
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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AGR/11
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Contact Hours
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48
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Type of Activity
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Core compulsory activities
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Teacher
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CONTARINI Mario
(syllabus)
General Part: Biodiversity and importance of insects. Morphology (exoskeleton, head, thorax, abdomen, endoskeleton. Anatomy (circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system, sense organs, etc.). Insect reproduction and development. Insect ecology. Social behaviour. Population control methods. Systematics and phylogeny. The main orders of insects and identification. Methods for the preparation of the entomological box (collection, preparation and conservation of insects; use of keys for the identification). Special Part: Insects of Oak, Pine, Chestnut, Spruce, Beech, Potato, Apple and outlines of beekeeping in mountain environment.
(reference books)
Per la parte generale:
E. Tremblay, 2003. Entomologia applicata. Vol. I, generalità e mezzi di controllo. Liguori Ed. Napoli.
L. Masutti, S. Zangheri, 2001. Entomologia generale e applicata. CEDAM, Padova.
Per la parte speciale:
A. Pollini, 2002. Manuale di Entomologia Applicata. Edagricole, Bologna.
P. Luciano, P.F. Roversi, 2001. Fillofagi delle querce in Italia. Industrie grafiche Poddighe, Sassari.
A. Battisti et alii., 2013, Lineamenti di zoologia forestale. Padova University Press, Padova.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
At a distance
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Attendance
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not mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
A project evaluation
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Module:
(objectives)
The course aims to deal with the main plant pathogens (mainly fungi, but with examples concerning also bacteria, viruses and insects) of particular importance in forest and mountain environment. Consequently, the main purposes of the course are the understanding of the biology and the epidemiology of these disease agents, and the containment strategies to be adopted (preferably with low environmental impact). Then, the course aims to bring a knowledge of the main factors that trigger the spread of these pathogens (climate change, pathogen pollution and agricultural changes). Finally, the students are driven to the learning of how to recognize an pathogen and what are the possible measures and strategies to minimize the impact of these pathogens (including Legislative rules).
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Code
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16966-2 |
Language
|
ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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6
|
Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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AGR/12
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Contact Hours
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48
|
Type of Activity
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Core compulsory activities
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Teacher
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MAZZAGLIA Angelo
(syllabus)
Introduction to plant and forest pathology, historical facts. Examples of diseases of significant economic and social impact.
GENERAL SECTION Basic concepts • Meanings of illness, injury, lesion, healing in plant pathology. • abiotic (non-infectious) and biotic (infectious) diseases. • Complex diseases • Disease triangle • Classification of diseases Generalities on Causal Agents of Infectious Diseases • Viruses and Viroids, • Phytoplasmas • Bacteria • Oomycetes • True fungi • Parasite phanerogams Disease Stages • from pre-infection to evasion. • Inoculum Concept: Charge, Density and Potential Symptomatology • Difference between symptom and sign • Types of symptoms: chromatic alterations, necrosis, cankers, tumors, early fall of organs, alteration of shape and size, exudates, water state alterations • Critical analysis of symptoms Diagnostics • Critical approach to diagnosis: history, field observations, sample collection and retention. • Basic methods: in vivo and in vitro laboratory diagnostics, isolation of the pathogen, microscopic observation of structures. • Advanced methods: immunological and molecular techniques. • Koch’s postulates • Diagnosing wood decay: classical and instrumental analysis
DISEASE-SPECIFIC SECTION • Abiotic damage from: variations and water imbalances; Variations and thermal imbalances; Exceptional events (hail, snow, lightning, fire, etc.); Nutritional deficits (or excesses); Illumination deficit; Phytotoxic Air Pollutants (IFA); Other pollutants. • Root rots by Oomycetes: ??chestnut ink disease and other rots by Phytophthora spp. • Root rots by true fungi: Root rot of hardwood and conifers by Armillaria spp .; “mal del rotondo” by Heterobasidion annosum s.l .; White root rot of deciduous trees by Rosellinia necatrix. • Tracheomycosis: Dutch Elm Disease by Ophiostoma ulmi and novo-ulmi; Verticillosis of the deciduous trees; Canker stain of plain by Ceratocystis platani; Blue stain of coniferous wood by Ophiostomatales. • Canker: Cypress canker by Seiridium cardinale; Larch canker by Lachnellula willkommii; Bark canker of chestnut by Cryphonectria parasitica; Charcoal canker of oak by Biscogniauxia mediterranea; Beech canker by Nectria ditissima; Bark canker by Nectria spp. • Coniferous coniferous diseases: Shoot blight and needle disease of pine by Thyriopsis halepensis; Needle cast by Lophodermium seditiosum and L. pinastri; Red bands needle blight of pine by Dothistroma pini; Needlecast of white fir by Lirula nervisequa; Needlecast of red fir by Lophodermium piceae; brown felt blight by Herpotrichia juniperi; Diplodia blight by Diplodia pinea; Other needle blight tree diseases of pines: Brunchorstia pinea, Phacidium infestans, Cyclaneusma pini; Other disease agents of needles of conifers: Acanthostigma parasiticum, Meria laricis, Brunchorstia laricina, Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, Rhadbocline pseudotsugae • Canopy diseases of broadleaves: oak anthracnose by Apiognomonia quercina; Beech anthracnose by Apiognomonia errabunda; Horse chestnut anthracnose by Guignardia aesculi; Plane anthracnose by Apiognomonia veneta; Other anthracnose causal agents: Discula destructiva, Elsinoe quercus-ilicis; Leaf curl and blisters by Taphrina spp. on wood species: T. populina, T. betulina, T. saccari, T. crataegi, T. tosquinetii, T. kruchii, T. ulmi, T. phagicola, T. wiesneri, T. alni; Powdery mildew of oak by Microsphaera alphtoides; Powdery mildew of plane by Microsphaera platani; Other Powdery mildews of wood species: Phyllactinia guttata, Uncinula salicis; Poplar leaf blight by Marssonina brunnea; WWalnut blight by Marssonina juglandis; Other leaf blight: Marssonina castagnei, M. betulae, M. coronaria, M. salicicola; Chestnut leaf spot by Mycosphaerella maculiformis; Maple tar spot by Rhytisma acerinum; Spring defoliation of poplar by Venturia populina and Venturia macularis; Anthracnose or "black spots" by Gloeosporium spp. • Rust: needle bladder rust of spruce by Chrysomyxa rhododendri; Spruce needle rust by Chrysomixa abietis; Two-Needle Pine Stem Rust by Cronartium flaccidum; White pine blister rust by Cronartium ribicola; fir broom rust by Melampsorella caryophyllacearum; Juniper and rosaceae (stem swelling) rust by Gymnosporangium sabinae, G. tremelloides, G. clavariiforme; Pine Twisting Rust by Melampsora pinitorqua; Poplar rusts from Melampsora allii-populina, M. larch-populina, M. larch-tremulae, M. pulcherrima, M. rostrupii. • Wood decays: Micro-environmental Conditioning (CM) theory; Modes of action of white, brown and soft wood decays; Compartmentalization theory (CODIT); diagnosis of wood decay; Main wood decay agents (Phellinus spp., Stereum spp .; Ganoderma spp .; Trametes spp., Pleurotus spp., Fomitiporia spp., Phaeolus spp., Fomitopsis spp .; Lenzites spp., Fistulina spp., Inonotus spp. • Diseases of forest nursery: Damping-off. • Diseases of forest populations (complex diseases): Forest decline; Oak decline; Beech decline, etc .; Role of the endophytism of weakness pathogens in complex diseases.
(reference books)
Suggested books: - Elementi di Patologia Forestale, Capretti P. e Ragazzi A., Patron Editore - Fondamenti di Patologia Vegetale, Matta A., Patron Editore
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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not mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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|
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