PHYSICS WITH LABORATORY
(objectives)
The objectives of the course as a whole are the transmission of the basics of physics useful for correctly framing environmental and natural sciences topics The course introduces the definition, understanding and use of physical quantities and fundamental physical laws and their application processes and phenomena of interest to environmental sciences. In addition, the course intends to acquire the necessary tools to design and carry out a scientific experiment and analyze the data obtained using the most appropriate statistical analysis tools (using graphical and analytical methods). The course also aims to allow students to acquire the ability to present a topic orally and to draw up a related scientific report with related data analysis. This within a simple, but rigorous modeling and mathematics treatment aimed at familiarizing students with graphic representations and estimates of the scales of quantities and physical phenomena.
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Code
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119005 |
Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Module: MODULE A - PHYSICS |
Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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8
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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FIS/07
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Contact Hours
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56
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Laboratory Hours
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8
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Module: MODULE B - PHYSICS LABORATORY
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to provide students with further basic notions of physics beyond those introduced during Module A and the tools necessary to design and implement a scientific experiment and analyze the data obtained using the most appropriate statistical analysis tools (using graphical and analytical). The course aims to make students acquire the ability to present an argument orally and to write a scientific report. This within a simple, but rigorous modeling and mathematical treatment aimed at familiarizing students with graphical representations and estimates of the scales of quantities and physical phenomena.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. at the end of the training activity the person will be able to: A) define the measurement of a physical quantity directly and indirectly; B) describe a physical quantity using numerical and graphical methods, linear and non-linear; C) identify the right dimensional equations and the system of measurement units; D) describe the functioning of an instrument and highlight its properties; E) distinguish systematic and random errors of measuring instruments in their absolute and relative representation; F) define a propagation of the error in derived quantities; G) define the significant figures of a measure; H) outline the concept of probability distribution; I) identify a confidence interval; L) make a comparison between experimental results; M) design an experiment in mechanics, calorimetry and concerning the study of direct current circuits able to determine with good approximation some fundamental constants of physics or physical properties of the apparatuses; N) write a scientific report that gives the protocol and the data collected in a clear, complete and immediate control.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. At the end of this didactic activity, in an exercise or exam context, the student must demonstrate to be able to know: A) associate the quantities to be measured with the physical laws that describe the system; B) estimate the effects that modify the expected value of the measured quantity within the approximation in force for the application of the law; C) carry out an experiment and the optimal conditions for obtaining a measurement; D) to give an uncertainty value to a measurement, however precise, carried out by him; E) analytically evaluate how the error propagates on indirectly measured quantities; F) choose the most effective way to obtain the value to be measured that is affected by the minimum random error and systematic uncertainties; G) analyze the significance of the results through statistics.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT. At the end of this didactic activity, the student must demonstrate to be able to: A) know how to choose a working condition or an approximation for the experimental verification of a physical law; B) formulate and support appropriate hypotheses on the type of experiment best suited to obtain an experimental result; C) apply the most appropriate protocols to increase the sensitivity of the measurement; D) apply the most appropriate protocols to reduce accidental and systematic errors.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS. The student must demonstrate to be able to describe in a scientific report the physical law subject of the experience, the experimental conditions and the theory most suitable for determining the measurement of physical quantity, data collection and statistical analysis. Communication skills will be verified through the evaluation of the reports that each group of students will have to carry out to report on the experiments carried out during the course. They will then be verified during the examination.
LEARNING SKILLS. At the end of this training activity, the student will have to demonstrate that he is able to use the experimental method learned to investigate the characteristics of other systems other than those considered during this course.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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4
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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FIS/07
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Contact Hours
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8
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Laboratory Hours
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24
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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DELFINO Ines
(syllabus)
Second part
Physics insights Photoelectric effect. Elements of modern physics. Wave-particle duality. Quantum theory and models of the atom. Bohr atom. Molecules and solids. De Broglie relation. Uncertainty principle. Principle of operation of the laser. Characteristics and applications of lasers. Nucleus and radioactivity. Radioactive decay. Biological effects of radiation.
Data Analysis methods Graphical representation of the experimental data. Repeated measures. Histograms. Average, and mean weighted mean, standard deviation. Probability. Distributions and distributions limit. Gaussian distribution. Confidence limit. Error function. Rejection of data, Chauvenet criterion. Comparison between experimental data and theoretical models. Fitting procedures. Principle of maximum likelihood. Linear fit. Method of least squares. Covariance. Linear correlation coefficient. Adaptation of the method of least squares to other curves. Weighted Fit. Linearization of a function and method of least squares Hypothesis tests. Chi2 test. Poisson distribution. Procedure, methods and tools for measuring various physical quantities. Instruments for measuring currents, ddp, resistors, etc .. Voltage generators (real and ideal) AC and DC Principle of operation of the multimeter. Using the multimeter to measure resistance, current, potential differences. Instruments for measuring quantities in AC circuits . Measurement of doses of ionizing radiation. Instruments for measuring ionizing radiation. Operating principle of the Geiger counter. General safety rules for laboratory operations.
Experiments and specific data analysis examples to be carried on during laboratory lessons Statistics Mechanics: Calorimetry Ohm's law in direct current. Optics. Radioactive decays
(reference books)
Giancoli, "Fisica" (Edizione con Fisica Moderna), Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Taylor, “Introduzione all’analisi degli errori”, Casa Editrice Zanichelli.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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not mandatory
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