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Teacher
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CARUSO Carla
(syllabus)
First part of the program
General aspects of Biochemistry
Weak interactions in aqueous systems. Chemical-physical properties of water. Ionization of water, weak acids and basics. Buffers.
Composition and structure of proteins
Amino acids e their general properties. Peptide bond. Levels of organization of proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. Functional aspects of proteins. Myoglobin and haemoglobin.
Enzymes
Fundamental concepts of enzymatic activity. Enzyme nomenclature, specificity, coenzymes and cofactors. Activation energy end role of enzymes. Overview of enzymatic kinetics.
Lipids, biological membranes and membrane proteins
Fatty acids. Triacylglycerols. Glycerophospholipids. Lipidic and proteic components of biological membranes. Composition and architecture of biological membranes. Membrane proteins.
Carbohydrates
Structure and function of carbohydrates. Oligosaccharides. Polysaccharides.
Second part of the program
Introduction to Metabolism
Catabolism and Anabolism. Experimental approach to the study of Metabolism. Thermodynamics of phosphorus-containing compounds: ATP, and compounds with high energy. Electron transporters. Oxide-reduction reactions.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glycolysis. Lactic fermentation. Reduction equivalent transport from cytoplasm to mitochondria. Krebs cycle. Pentose Shunt. Glycogen metabolism. Carbohydrates metabolism regulation.
Bioenergetics
Compound with high energy. Electron transport. Oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative metabolism control.
Lipid Metabolism
Digestion, absorption and lipid transport. Fatty acids oxidation. Ketone bodies. Fatty acids biosynthesis. Regulation of fatty acids metabolism.
Protein Metabolism
Fate of amino acid carbon skeleton. Deamination of amino acids: transamination and oxidative deamination in catabolic process. Reductive amination and transamination in anabolic process. Mode of action of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase. Urea cycle. Crosstalk between Krebs and urea cycles and gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenetic and ketogenetic amino acids.
(reference books)
Nelson DL, Cox MM. Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lenhninger. 5a Edizione (2015) Zanichelli, Bologna.
Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW. Fondamenti di Biochimica 3a Edizione (2013) Zanichelli, Bologna.
Nelson DL, Cox MM. I principi di Biochimica di Lenhninger. 6a Edizione (2014) Zanichelli, Bologna.
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochimica 7a Edizione (2012) Zanichelli, Bologna.
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