Teacher
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BALDACCHINI Chiara
(syllabus)
Experimental method, experimental measurement, international system, dimensional analysis, measurement tools. Measurement errors. Random and systematic errors. Evaluation of uncertainties in direct measures. Confidence interval. Significant figures. Relative incertainity. Counting experiments. Discrepancy. Propagation of errors: sum and differences, products and quotients. Theory of errors. Standard formula for the calculation of errors for functions of a variable and for functions of several variables. Random errors in repeated measures. Average as the best estimate; standard deviation; standard deviation of the average. Gaussian distribution. Confidence limit, Rejection of data and Criterion of Chauvenet. Weighted average. Comparison between experimental data and theoretical models. Fit procedures. Maximum likelihood principle. Linear fit. Linearization of a function and method of least squares. Adaptation of the least squares method to other curves. Covariance. Linear correlation coefficient. Binomial Distribution. Poisson distribution. Chi square test.
Ohm's law. Real and ideal circuit elements. Resistors and capacitors in series and in parallel. Mesh law and law of knots. Resolution of DC circuits. Current measurement instruments, d.d.p, resistances. Operating principle of the multimeter. Use of the multimeter to measure resistances, currents, potential differences. The RC circuit. Alternating current and measuring instruments. Oscilloscope.
Modern physics. Measurements of the electon mass and charge. Plank's Theory. Photoelectric effect. Wave-particle dualism. Quantum theory and models of the atom. Bohr atom. De Broglie wavelength. Electron microscope. Quantum mechanics and atomic orbitals, quantum numbers, periodic table, electronic transitions, fluorescence and phosphorescence. Spectroscopic experimental techniques. Core and radioactivity. Radioactive decay. Biological effects of radiation. Measurement of ionizing radiation doses.
Representation of experimental data: tables and graphs; histograms; linear scale, scientific scale, logarithmic scale.
There are 5 laboratory tests: - Measurement of gravity acceleration with the simple pendulum - Measurement of specific heat of a body - Measurement of a resistance by ohm-meter and by the volt-amperometric method. - Measurement of the focal length of a converging lens. - Radioactive decays
(reference books)
- Giancoli “Fisica ” edizione con Fisica Moderna - III Edizione- Casa Editrice Ambrosiana - Taylor “Introduzione all'analisi degli errori. Lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche” - Zanichelli
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