Teacher
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DELFINO Ines
(syllabus)
Expected learning outcomes Knowledge and understanding skills At the end of the learning activity the person will know: A) define the measure of a physical quantity in direct and indirect manner; B) describe a physical dimension through numerical and graphical, linear and nonlinear methods; C) identify the right dimensional equations and the unit of measure; D) describe the operation of an instrument and highlight its properties; E) distinguish systematic and random errors of the measuring instruments in their absolute and relative representation; F) define a propagation of the error in derived quantities; G) define the significant figures of a measure; H) outline the concept of probability distribution; I) identify a confidence interval; L) comparing experimental results; M) design a mechanics, calorimetry experiment and study of the DC circuits capable of determining with good approximation some fundamental constants of the physical or physical properties of the apparatus; N) write a scientific report that gives clear, complete and immediate control of the protocol and collected data.
Knowledge and understanding skills applied At the end of this didactic activity, the student must demonstrate, doing an experiment or in an examination context, to know how to: A) associate the magnitude to measure the physical laws describing the system; B) estimate the effects that change the expected value of the measured quantity within the used approximation; C) do an experiment and define the optimum conditions for carrying it on; D) give a value of uncertainty of the measured quantities; E) analytically evaluate how the error is propagated on indirectly measured quantities; F) choose the most effective way to get the value to be measured that is affected by minimal random error and systematic uncertainties; G) analyze the significance of the results through the statistics.
Judgment autonomy At the end of this activity, the student must demonstrate that he / she knows how to: A) choose a working condition or an approximation for the experimental verification of a physical law; B) formulate and support appropriate hypotheses on the type of experiment most suitable for obtaining an experimental result; C) apply the most appropriate protocols to increase measurement sensitivity; D) apply the most appropriate protocols to reduce accidental and systematic errors.
Communicative Skills The student must demonstrate that he/she is able to describe in a scientific report the physical law relevant for an experiment, the experimental conditions, and the theory best suited to the determination of physical quantity measurement, data collection and statistical analysis. Communication skills will be verified by evaluating the reports that each group of students will have done about the experiments conducted during the course. They will then be further verified during the examination.
Ability to learn At the end of this activity, the student must demonstrate that he / she can use the experimental method learned to investigate the characteristics of various systems.
Course contents Theory Physics insights Ohm's law. Mesh law, node law. Direct current RC circuits: capacitor charge and discharge. Use of a multimeter to measure resistances, currents, potential differences. Alternating current. Alternating current power. Resistance, capacity and inductance in AC circuits. Photoelectric effect. Elements of modern physics. Wave-particle duality. Quantum theory and models of the atom. Bohr atom. Molecules and solids. De Broglie relation. Uncertainty principle. Principle of operation of the laser. Characteristics and applications of lasers. Nucleus and radioactivity. Radioactive decay. Biological effects of radiation.
Methods and tools for measuring physical quantities and for the analysis of experimental data Measurement of a physical quantity. Features measuring instruments. Confidence interval Systematic errors, reading errors, random errors, errors, significant figures, error propagation. Significant figures and confidence interval, Significant figures and relative error, Representation results: truncation and rounding, Tables of experimental measurements Graphical representation of the experimental data. Repeated measures. Histograms. Average, and mean weighted mean, standard deviation. Probability. Distributions and distributions limit. Gaussian distribution. Confidence limit. Error function. Rejection of data, Chauvenet criterion. Comparison between experimental data and theoretical models. Fitting procedures. Principle of maximum likelihood. Linear fit. Method of least squares. Covariance. Linear correlation coefficient. Adaptation of the method of least squares to other curves. Weighted Fit. Linearization of a function and method of least squares Hypothesis tests. Chi2 test. Poisson distribution. Procedure, methods and tools for measuring various physical quantities. Instruments for measuring currents, ddp, resistors, etc .. Voltage generators (real and ideal) AC and DC Principle of operation of the multimeter. Using the multimeter to measure resistance, current, potential differences. Instruments for measuring quantities in AC circuits . Measurement of doses of ionizing radiation. Instruments for measuring ionizing radiation. Operating principle of the Geiger counter. General safety rules for laboratory operations.
Practice lesson/Laboratory Experiments (mandatory attendance) Statistics Mechanics: pendulum Specific heat measurement Ohm's law in direct current. Optics.
(reference books)
Textbook used for the Physics course. Taylor, “Introduzione all’analisi degli errori”, Casa Editrice Zanichelli.
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