The course is divided into two sections
a) Institutes in Ancient Numismatics
(b) Monetary history.
The first section, initiated by the analysis of the terms 'currency' and 'coins', provides an introduction to numismatics as a historical and archaeological discipline and continues with an analysis of the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of coins, of production techniques, the organization of mints, the origin of coined metals.
The second section aims to trace a history of the coin from the pre-monetary phases up to the medieval age. Attention will also be paid to the relationships between the different categories of sources: numismatic documentation, archaeological documentation and written sources. The multidisciplinary approach makes it possible to deal with the study of the role of currency in the economy and in ancient and medieval societies.
The participation in the activities of the 'Numismatics Laboratory' offers the opportunity to know the general criteria of identification and study of numismatic finds through the cataloguing of specimens that came to light during the archaeological activities promoted by the academic staff.

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Bibliography for the exam:
One of the following texts:
- R. Cantilena, La moneta in Grecia e a Roma, Bologna 2008
- F. Barello, Archeologia della moneta, Roma 2006.
One of the following texts:
- A. Burnett, Coinage in the Roman World, London 1987, pp. 1-65, 122-139, 149-160.
- A. Savio, Monete romane, Roma 2001 (ristampa: Edizioni Il Libraccio).
Besides:
- C. Howgego, La storia antica attravOne of the following textserso le monete, Roma 2002.
- P. J. Casey, Understanding Ancient Coins, Londra 1986, pp. 51-113.

EVENTUAL CHANGES AND INTEGRATIONS WILL BE COMMUNICATED DURING THE LESSONS AND ON THE PORTAL:
Non-attending students are invited to contact the teacher to define an alternative program