The absence of State. Legal customs. Notion of regulatory case. The legal protection of the relation between individual and goods. The plurality of property rights over goods. The feudal society. The origin of legal science and the glosses. Glossators and reviewers of Roman Law. Interpretation. Medieval legal pluralism. The theory of shared property. The origin and Characteristics of Ius Mercatorum. The foundation of Modern Age. The natural law doctrine. State centralization of law: consolidation. The ordinances. Characteristics of modern codes. The Prussian General Property Law (“Allgemeines Landrecht”). The French debate. Genesis of the Code Civil. The school of exegesis. The Code Civil as a model of codification and its success. The codes of the Italian States. The Austrian General Civil Code (“Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch”). The Italian Civil Code in 1865. The German historical school: Savigny. The debate on codification. The school of the Pandects. The origin of the German Civil Code. The 19th Century.

P. Grossi, A History of European Law, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2010