introduction
States of aggregation of matter. Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Substances and chemical elements.

Atomic structure of matter
Atomic properties: mass and dimensions. Avogadro number, mole concept. Chemical symbols and their quantitative meaning.

Structure of the atom
Bohr model. Uncertainty principle. Wave nature
electron. Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. Electronic configuration of the elements. Rules of the Aufbau. The periodic system of the elements. Periodic properties.

The chemical bond
Ionic, covalent and coordination bonds. Bond properties: order, distance and energy. Electronegativity and dipole moment. Chemical bond theory: hybrid orbitals, resonance. Magnetic properties of molecules. Intermolecular bonds. Hydrogen bond.

Chemical formulas
Nomenclature of inorganic compounds. Oxidation number. Typical molecules and ions structure.

Chemical reactions. The oxidoreductions

The gaseous state
Read gases. State equation of ideal gases. Dalton's law for
gaseous mixtures. Density and relative density of gases and mixtures
gaseous. Average molecular mass of a gas mixture. Methods
experimental for the determination of the molecular masses of substances
gaseous. Real gases, Van der Waals equation. Kinetic theory of gases.
The solid state
Crystalline structures and their symmetries. Molecular, ionic solids,
covalent and metallic. Polymorphism and allotropy.
The liquid state
Surface tension of a liquid. Viscosity and vapor pressure.

Thermodynamics
Definition of thermodynamic system. State functions and variables of
state. Cyclic and open transformations. Reversible transformations ed
irreversible. Heat, work and internal energy. First principle of
thermodynamics. Enthalpy and Hess's law. Entropy. Second principle
of thermodynamics. Spontaneous processes. Free energy.

Chemical equilibrium
Spontaneity and balance criteria in chemical reactions. Mass action law and its derivation. Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria.

Solutions
Concentration and its units. Colligative properties of ideal solutions.

Acid-base equilibria
General definitions. Strength of acids and bases. Acid-base structure and properties. Autoionization of water. The pH. Calculation of the pH of acidic, basic and saline solutions. Buffer solutions. Acid-base titrations and titration curves.

Solubility balances
Solubility and factors that influence it. Solubility product. Common ion effect.

Elements of chemical kinetics
Reaction speed. Arrhenius equation. Activation energy. Catalysis

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