|
Teacher
|
BOTTA Lorenzo
(syllabus)
Module A THE STRUCTURE
Alkanes and cycloalkanes. Introduction. Structure. Sp3 hybridization. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Structure isomerism. Conformational analysis (ethane, cyclohexane). Cycloalkanes stability (angular tension, torsional tension, steric tension). Cyclohexane derivatives (stereoisomeria cis-trans). Bicyclic and polycyclic alcans. Natural role and applications of alkanes.
Alkenes. Introduction. Structure. Sp2 hybridization. Nomenclature. Physical properties. Stability (heat of hydrogenation, heat of combustion). Nomenclature system (E) - (Z) for alkenes. Cycloalkenes. Biological function.
Alkynes. Introduction. Structure. Hybridization sp. Nomenclature. Physical properties.
Functional groups and classes of organic compounds. Alkyl halides. Alcohols. Ethers. Amines. Aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids. Esters and amides. Introduction. Structure. Nomenclature. Physical properties.
Stereochemistry. Introduction. Carbon chirality. Enantiomers and chiral molecules. Graphic representation. Nomenclature (R) (S). Optical activity (specific rotatory activity, definition of racemate, optical purity). Diastereoisomers (meso compounds). Chiral molecules without chiral carbons.
Aromatic compounds. Introduction. Benzene. Structure and stability. Huckel's rule. Other aromatic compounds. Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Induction and resonance phenomena. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Aromatic compounds in biochemistry.
Carbohydrates. Classification. Monosaccharides. Mutarotation and formation of glucosides. Configuration D or L. Disaccharides. Polysaccharides.
Protein. Amino acid structure. Nomenclature. Peptide bond. Oligopeptides.
Nucleic acids. Purine and pyrimidine nucleic bases. Nucleoside. Nucleotides. Oligonucleotides.
Lipids.
Module B. THE REACTIVITY
Reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Methane chlorination. Free radicals. Stability and structure. Thermodynamics and kinetics. Halogenation of higher alkanes.
Ionic substitution and elimination reactions. Carbocation formation. Stability and structure. Nucleophilic substitution reactions. SN2 reaction. SN1 reaction. Stereochemical mechanisms and patterns. Effects of the solvent and the leaving group. Elimination reactions. Reaction E1. Reaction E2. Competition between substitution and elimination. Substitution and elimination reactions of biological interest.
Reactions of the double bond C = C. Addition reaction. Addition of halogenidric acids. Markovnikov rule. Regioselective reactions. Water addition. Oxymercuration-demercuration. Hydroboration. Addition of halogens. Epoxides. Oxidation of alkenes. Addition of radicals.
Reactions of aromatic compounds. Electrophilic aromatic substitution. Mechanism. Halogenation of benzene. Nitration. Sulphonation. Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation. Effect of the substituents. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
(reference books)
Chimica Organica Essenziale, Bruno Botta, EdiTes
|
