The chordates and phylogenetic relationships of Vertebrates and their characteristics. Sex features and reproduction. Migration of germ cells and gametogenesis. fertilization: processes of sperm maturation and egg, the role of MPF , a meeting of the gametes, fast and slow block of polyspermy, MPF and calcium role in the post-fertilization processes, modification of the cytoplasm. The segmentation events that direct cell division and the formation of the blastocoel, again: MPF role. Gastrulation, cell movements and the formation of sheets: entoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. The molecules that lead the gastrulation (morphogenetic factors and cadherins). The nerulation: formation of the neural tube, neural crest cells and the role of the notochord. extra-embryonal membranes and coelomic pouches formation.Organogenesi formation and organization of the integument, scales and teeth. Organogenesis and organization of skeletal bone (skull, vertebres and apparatus appendiceal) and muscles (notes). Organogenesis and general organization of the central and peripheral nervous system. The endocrine system: hipothalamus-pituitary glands, pineal gland, thyroid / parathyroid, adrenal gland, gonads, intestine. Organogenesis and organization of the respiratory, circulatory and heart. Organogenesis and organization of the urogenital system.
Laboratory (1 CFU- 8 hrs) IT IS NECESSARY TO FOLLOW THE LABORORATORY to gain the credit:
morphogenesis: watching movies, and microscopic preparations related to the development (echinoderms, fish, amphibians, birds, mammals). Practical vision (prepared macroscopic and microscopic): organization of the integument of vertebrates. Skull and skeleton of vertebrates. Organization of the respiratory system (lungs and gills) in Vertebrates. Organization of the circulatory system and the heart in vertebrates. Organization of the urogenital and endocrine systems in vertebrates. Digestive System.

Comparative Anatomy:
- Stingo et al., Anatomia Comparata, ed. ermes
or/and
Liem et al. Anatomia Comparata, Edises

Animal Morphogeny
Gilbert, Biologia dello Sviluppo ed. Zanichelli (some parts of that book).
and take a note of some parts of the book: Giudice et al. Biologia dello sviluppo, Piccin
Examine also: ATLANTI DI ANATOMIA MACROSCOPICA E MICROSCOPICA; and
and Microscopica dei Vertebrati,Unicopoli ed.;
or : Minelli-Del Grande, Atlante di Anatomia dei Vertebrati, Piccin ed.

Further educational materials are available on Institutional link for this course