The soil as an important component of the "terroir". New frontiers of soil science in this field of study, new materials and methods that can be used to understand and measure the influence of the soil in viticulture. The "terroir" defined by the specific characteristics of the soil, topography, climate, landscape and biodiversity. Mechanisms that regulate the effect of soil on wine terroir. The role of terroir in determining phenologic phases of the vine. Empirical evidence of the dependence of the terroir by particular soil characteristics.

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